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Semelhante a O efeito do suplemento isotônico proteico na primeira semana de vida de leitões recém-nascidos
Semelhante a O efeito do suplemento isotônico proteico na primeira semana de vida de leitões recém-nascidos (20)
O efeito do suplemento isotônico proteico na primeira semana de vida de leitões recém-nascidos
- 1. A Primeira Semana de um Leitão Recém- Nascido Dra. Ava Firth Diretora de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tonisity International
- 2. Visão Geral O que acontece na primeira semana de vida de um leitão? Especialmente no intestino Podemos alterar ou melhorar isso?
- 3. Colostro
- 4. Colostro Matriz Suína Humanos Gordura (g/L) 71 35 Lactose (g/L) 54 67 Calorias (kcal/mL) 1.14 0.5 - 0.8 Proteína (g/L) 53 9 Imunoglobulinas +++ +++
- 5. Após 24 horas Redução de Ig, principalmente após 12h Lactose é o principal açúcar O consumo de colostro é crucial 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 6 12 24 48 %ofImmunoglobulins Time Post-Partum (h) Immunoglobulin Levels after Farrowing IgG IgA IgM
- 7. O Intestino 5% do peso corporal 20% do fluxo sanguíneo 50% das células imunitárias do organismo
- 8. O Intestino Delgado Ao nascer: 0.4 m de comprimento Número de células duplica em 3 dias Área de superfície duplica em 10 dias Em 3 semanas, o comprimento e a área de superfície aumenta de 2-3 vezes É uma oportunidade incrível para uma intervenção precoce e suporteAdeola O, King DE J Anim Sci 2006;84:112–8 McCance R J Anatomy 1974; 117(3):475
- 14. Digestão e Absorção de Lipídeos, Proteínas e Carboidratos ESTÔMAGO INTESTINO DELGADO INTESTINO DELGADO MUCOSA JEJUNO CIRCULAÇÃO LINFÁTICA SANGUE 1- Digestão 2- Solubilização micelar 3- Absorção 4- Transporte Monoglicerídeos Ácidos graxos Peptídeos Aminoácidos Oligosacarídeos Dissacarídeos Triglicerídeos Proteínas Carboidratos Micelas e sais biliares Triglicerídeos Quilomícrons Quilomícrons Aminoácidos Monossacarídeos
- 15. Função dos Enterócitos Função Principal: absorver a lactose, aminoácidos e lipídeos do colostro e do leite Precisa haver Na e K para absorver açúcares e aminoácidos Na: sódio K: potássio
- 16. Função dos Enterócitos Função Principal: absorver a lactose, aminoácidos e lipídeos do colostro e do leite Precisa haver Na e K para absorver açucares e aminoácidos 150,000 bombas de Na / enterócito 4.5 bilhões de moléculas de Na transportadas por minuto por célula Na: sódio K: potássio
- 17. Enterócitos Também Precisam de Energia! Krebs Cycle
- 18. Novo Suplemento Isotônico Proteico (Px) Fornece Na K Cl e Glicose E… Fornece combustível para os enterócitos Krebs Cycle
- 19. Hipóteses Px fornecidos para leitões de maternidade –Melhora as vilosidades –Reduz a mortalidade pré- desmame –Aumenta o ganho de peso
- 20. Estudos Tratamento Experimental: – 500 mL de Px 3% por ninhada por dia – Idade: 2-8 dias – vs. controle negativo
- 21. Coleta de Dados Volume de Px consumido Peso individual nos dias 1, 8 e desmame (~ d21) Mortalidade Pré-desmame Escore de diarreia Histopatologia Intestinal
- 22. Análise Estatística Unidade Experimental = ninhada Mortalidade Peso e Ganho médio diário Escore de Diarreia R Core Team (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org
- 23. Resultados
- 24. Histopatologia 12 ninhadas Px 500 mL/ninhada/dia do dia 2 ao 8 Desmame no dia 21 Histopatologia no dia 9 e 21
- 25. Histopatologia - Pré-desmame Px: vilosidades 8% maiores Controle
- 26. Estudo: Pós-desmame 52 ninhadas Px 500 mL/ninhada/dia do dia 2 ao 8 Mingau pré-desmame Desmamados no dia 19 Mingau Pós-desmame Histopatolia nos dias 24 e 28
- 27. Histopatologia – Pós-desmame Px vilosidades 16% maiores Controle
- 28. Average Daily IPS Consumption per Litter (mL) Px
- 29. Mortalidade Pré-desmame (214 ninhadas) 31% de redução P = 0.043 Px
- 30. Meta-Analysis of Pre-Weaning Mortality Px Px
- 31. Meta-Analysis of Pre-Weaning Mortality 931 2697 134 949 874 1100 Px Px
- 32. Meta-Analysis of Pre-Weaning Mortality 931 2697 134 949 874 1100 26% redução na mortalidade Px Px
- 33. Px
- 34. Px
- 35. + 5.9%, P < 0.05 240 g de diferença Px
- 36. GMD (g/dia) IPS Controle ∆ P valor d1 – d8 123 114 ↑ 9 P < 0.1 d1 – d18 158 145 ↑ 13 P < 0.05 7-9% maior do que o controle
- 37. Conclusões Fornecendo IPS do dia 2 ao 8 … Leitões recém nascidos irão tomar a solução Px imediatamente Redução de 26% na Mortalidade Pré-desmame, de 10% para 7% Aumento no peso de desmame: 240 g
Notas do Editor
- As producers and veterinarians, we face many challenges in pig production. But it all starts with the birth of the piglet. We always want to ask ourselves is there anything we can do to change or improve that first week that will improve the pig’s survival and improve our production outcomes
- We know that the first step is to get sufficient colostrum into the piglet. 1st 24 hrs crucial for colostrum intake. high caloric density. pigs get all of their Ig from colostrum – no passive transfer in utero.
- Colostrum is important because of the immunoglobulins that it delivers. And it is also high in fat which is a good source of energy. Both of these things are absorbed into the intestine through passive diffusion.
- After 24 hours, the immunoglobulins are mostly gone. Lactose – a carbohydrate sugar – becomes the main energy source. And now the piglet’s growth starts.
- In one month, the piglet grows the same amount as a child grows in 6 months. And this growth must be accomplished by absorbing nutrients through the small intestine.
- All of this is accomplished by absorption of nutrients through the intestine. The intestine is an amazing part of the body. It doesn’t weigh very much – only 5% of the body weight – but it takes 20% of the blood flow with every heart beat. It absorbs everything that keeps us alive except for oxygen. And it has a very important role in protecting us from infections – it contains 50% of the body’s immune cells.
- The small intestine is the key area for nutrient absorption. At birth, it is only 40 cm long. But in the first 3 days, the number of cells doubles. In the first 10 days, the surface area doubles. And by 3 weeks the length and surface area has increased 2-3 times. This rapid growth provides an incredible opportunity for early intervention and support. The question is – can we do anything at this time to change things?
- Let’s look at it… here is an picture of the lining of the small intestine taken with an endoscope. Fuzzy, like carpet.
- If we look closer we see that the intestine is lined with little fingers called villi. The surface of the intestine is not flat. These villi serve to increase the surface area exponentially. Various numbers are quoted about how big the surface area is, but most people agree that in an adult human the surface area is at least 40 square meters.
- Here’s a picture of the villi in cross-section, looking through a microscope at relatively low magnification.
- If we look even more closely we can see the individual cells that are on the villi. There are 4 main types of cells – today we are interested in the cells that absorb the nutrients, namely enterocytes.
- The nutrients must go from the surface, through the enterocyte, and into the blood stream.
- The pig must absorb proteins, carbohydrates and fats through these cells in order to build new tissue and grow. In the baby piglet, all of this comes from the sow’s milk or creep feed. We try to feed our sows so they give good milk. We use the best creep feed that we can afford.
- But it’s the enterocytes that actually do the work of absorbing the food and nutrients. And this absorption is dependent upon the presence of sodium and potassium to get nutrients into the enterocyte, through the enterocyte and into the blood stream.
- This diagram is just a representation… it shows one little gateway. In fact there are about 150,000 gateways per cell. Together they move 4.5 billion sodium molecules PER MINUTE. In each cell!
- These enterocytes are working hard. They run their own Krebs cycle in order to produce the energy that they need to do this work. So the question is – what would happen if we devised a way of feeding the enterocytes?
- We did. We made a novel isotonic protein supplement that provides sodium potassium chloride and glucose AND provides extra fuel for the enterocytes.
- And we needed to test it. The hypothesis was this: if we are successfully feeding the enterocytes, the villi should be bigger. And if we are successfully feeding the enterocytes then we should see better growth and less death…
- The experimental treatment was to give 500 mL of IPS to a litter, each day, starting on day 2. For one week. We don’t want to start on day 1 because that might interfere with colostrum uptake.
- We collected data on the volume of Px consumed, the individual weights, pre-weaning mortality, scour score and intestinal histopathology.
- Histopathology – remember, if we feed the enterocytes we should see bigger villi.
- 8% larger villi. That might not seem like much, but when you remember that each enterocyte on each villi has 150,000 sodium pumps, that creates a lot of extra power.
- It’s normal for the villi to get shorter with age which is why they are in the 200’s instead of 400’s. But Px villi were 291 vs 249, larger by 16%. We looked at all of the variables in this study – gruel, no gruel, IPS vs no IPS – and the differences all related to whether or not the piglets had received IPS in the first week.
- this average is based on 4 studies in which volume was measured every day, in a total of 278 litters.
- first study we did in late 2015. 212 litters on 2 different farms. Even under study conditions, mortality went from 10% to 7%.
- !st four trials (marked with a *) all had a significant difference P < 0.05. Last 2 trials were field trials with producer – all of them showed a reduction in PWM with IPS.
- This shows the number of piglets in each trial. Biggest difference was in the smallest trial.
- !But meta-analysis gives a weighting to each trial and takes that into account. Overall, we showed a 26% decrease in pre-weaning mortality.
- Now remember that the second part of our hypothesis was that feeding the enterocytes should provide better growth. If we give them more energy to do their work, they can absorb more nutrients. this is from the same study in late 2015. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups on day 1. P value > 0.05. By day 8 we started to see a difference. 60 g, P < 0.1.
- But look at what happened by d19…
- 240 g difference, P 0.05, 5.9% increase.
- This increase was supported by increases in average daily gain.
- Messages: The enterocyte is THE key player in nutrition. The forgotten star. The member of the team that does all of the work and gets no recognition. We have showed that if we feed the enterocyte, it will increase the survival and increase the productivity of our pigs.