O documento discute a abordagem de gestão de recursos conhecida como Lixo Zero e seu impacto no clima. Ele define Lixo Zero, destaca que aterros liberam grande quantidade de metano, um gás de efeito estufa, e mostra que a reciclagem e compostagem equivalem a eliminar as emissões de CO2 de veículos na Califórnia. Também lista diversas cidades que adotaram o Lixo Zero com sucesso.
5. Zero Waste Approach
to Resource Management
Richard Anthony
Zero Waste International Alliance
ZWIA.org
6. Definition of Zero Waste*
• Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and visionary, to guide
people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural
cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for
others to use.
• Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to
systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and
materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them.
• Implementing Zero Waste will eliminate all discharges to land, water or air that
are a threat to planetary, human, animal or plant health.
* www.zwia.org/standards.html
7. Climate and Zero Waste
• Landfills are one of the largest sources of
human generated Methane, which is a
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
• Methane is 21-72x more potent as a green
house gas than Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• For Every Ton of Municipal Solid
Waste discarded to Landfill, 71
Tons of materials and energy are
wasted.
• Recycling & Composting all
discards in California is equal to
eliminating the equivalent of all CA
auto CO2 emissions
8. Aluminum Steel Paper Glass
Energy
Use
90-97% 47-74% 23-74% 4-32%
Air
Pollution
95% 85% 74% 20%
Water
Pollution
97% 76% 35%
Mining
Wastes
99% 97% 80%
Water
Use
40% 58% 50%
9. Zero Waste Communities
• Canberra, Australia
• NZ – Entire Country
• Over 66% of NZ Cities
• Seattle, WA
• Chicago, IL
• Central Vermont Waste
Mgt.District
• Toronto, Ontario
• Buenos Aires, Argentina
• 40+ cities in Italy
• Austin, TX
• Telluride, CO
• Boulder City & County, CO
• Logan County, OH
• Sedona, AZ
• Atlanta, GA
• Nelson, British Columbia
• Regional Districts BC
– Kootenay Boundary
– Central Kootenay
– Cowichan Valley
• Sunshine Coast
• Halifax, Nova Scotia
Source: www.ZWIA.org
10. CA Zero Waste Communities
• Santa Monica
• Culver City (Sustainability
Plan)
• El Cajon
• Fresno
• City of Los Angeles
(working on ZW Plan)
• San Luis Obispo Co.
• Del Norte County
• Burbank
• Glendale
• Oceanside
• Sacramento
• San Francisco
• Oakland
• San Jose
• Santa Cruz County & all
cities in County
• Berkeley
• Palo Alto
• Marin County
• Novato
• Fairfax
• Sunnyvale
11. Zero Waste Businesses are Leading the Way
(>90% diversion)
• Anheuser-Busch, Fairfield, CA
• Apple Computer, Elk Grove, CA
• Atlanta Zero Waste Zone
• Epson, OR
• Fetzer Vineyards
• Frankie’s Bohemian Café, SF
• Greens Restaurant, SF
• Hewlett-Packard, Roseville, CA
• Honda
• Mad River Brewery
• New Belgium Brewery
• Pillsbury
• Playa Vista, LA, CA
• Ricoh Electronics
• San Diego Wild Animal Park
• Scoma’s Restaurant, SF
• Subaru
• Toyota
• Vandenberg Air Base
• Vons-Safeway
• Xerox Corp
• 2800 Businesses in Japan
See www.earthresource.org
13. Basic Principles
• E=MC2
– Stuff exists
• There is no “away”
– Your “away” might be my back yard
• No such thing as a free lunch
– Your free lunch is your grand-children's dinner
• Highest and Best Use
• Required Separation at source of generation
14. Zero Waste Management
• Up Stream
– Clean Production
– Product Redesign
– Product Stewardship
• Down Stream
– Reuse
– Composting
– Recycling
– Resource Recovery Parks
15. Discards Sorted into the
12 Market Categories
Note: Half of the Pie is Organic Material Suitable for Composting
Metals
6% Glass
3%
Paper
37%
Wood
4%
Soils
1%
Textiles
4%
Ceramics
2%
Chemicals
0%
Reuse
3%
Polymers
11%
Putrescibles
19%
Plant Debris
10%
16. Market Categories
1. Reusable
2. Paper
3. Plant Debris
4. Putrescibles
5. Wood
6. Ceramics
7. Soils
8. Metals
9. Glass
10. Polymers
11. Textiles
12. Chemicals
All materials can be grouped into these
12 market-driven categories.
17. Master Category Clusters
• Paper and Containers/Blue Bin
– Paper, metals, glass, polymers
• Organics/Green Bin
– Food, vegetative debris, food dirty paper, paper, plant
debris, putrescibles, wood
• Discarded Items/Bulky or Charity Pickup
– Furniture, appliances, clothing, toys, tools, reusable goods,
textiles
• Special Discards Resource Recovery Park
– Chemicals, construction and demolition materials, wood,
ceramics, soils
18. Clusters and Facilities
CLUSTERS PROCESSING CENTERS
Recyclables:
Paper and containers;
Paper, Metals, Glass, Polymers
Organics:
Food, vegetative debris, food dirty paper,
paper, plant debris, putrescibles, wood
Reused Products:
Furniture, appliances, clothing, toys,
tools, reusable goods, textiles
Special Discards:
Chemicals, construction and demolition
materials, wood, ceramics, soils
Recyclables:
Papers, plastic, glass and metal
containers
Organics:
Food, vegetable debris, and food paper,
putrescibles, untreated wood and
sheetrock
Reuse & Repair:
Reuse, repair, dismantling, reconditioning,
remanufacturing, manufacturing and
resale of furniture, large and small
appliances, electronics, textiles, toys,
tools, metal and ceramic plumbing,
fixtures, lighting, lumber and other used
building materials
C and D:
Rock, soils, concrete, asphalt, brick,
land clearing debris, and mixed
construction and demolition materials
Regulated Materials:
Used motor oil, paint, pesticides,
cleaners, and other chemicals
19. Revenue and Jobs from Discards
Clean DozenSM
Master Categories
Jobs Tons
per Year
Market Price
$/T (est.)
Total Value of Discards
in Delaware ($)
1. Reuse 350 28,000 550 15,400,000
2. Paper 65 370,000 20 7,400,000
3. Plant Trimmings 30 100,000 7 700,000
4. Putrescibles 85 190,000 7 1,330,000
5. Wood 24 40,000 4 320,000
6. Ceramics 7 20,000 4 80,000
7. Soils 20 10,000 7 70,000
8. Metals 35 60,000 40 2,400,000
9. Glass 75 30,000 10 300,000
10. Polymers 1,020 110,000 100 11,000,000
11. Textiles 340 40,000 200 8,000,000
12. Chemicals 4 2,000 15 30,000
Total 2,055 1,000,000 47,030,000
27. If you’re not for Zero Waste,
how much waste are you for?
28.
29.
30. • Forum Internacional de
Resíduos Sólidos
• Cidade Lixo Zero: Desafio
Possível?
• São José dos Campos – set 2014
31. LIXO ZERO
• ”Lixo Zero é uma META, com valores éticos, econômicos,
eficientes e visionários, para orientar as pessoas a mudar seus
estilos de vida e práticas para emular os ciclos naturais
sustentáveis, onde todos os materiais descartados são
projetados para tornar-se recursos para outras pessoas usarem.
• Lixo Zero significa projetar e gerenciar produtos e processos
para evitar e eliminar sistematicamente o volume e toxicidade
dos resíduos e materiais, conservar e recuperar todos os
recursos, e não queimar ou enterrá-los.
• Implementar LIXO ZERO vai eliminar todas as descargas à terra,
água ou ar, que são uma ameaça para o planeta, o homem, o
mundo animal ou vegetal ".
32. LIXO ZERO
• Estabelecimento de uma meta para a
solução dos problemas
• Não é algo mágico
• Programa de qualidade total, de melhoria
contínua
• Considera-se lixo zero quem destina
corretamente mais de 90% dos resíduos
proveniente do seu consumo / produção.
43. Vantagens
• Lógica Industrial ( qualidade contínua )
• Construção de uma ECONOMIA CIRCULAR
• Programação Neuro Linguistica
• Custos menores, investimentos menores
• Geração de empregos e renda
• Conservação dos recursos
• Construção de um futuro
47. Exemplos Brasil
• Espaço Recicle
• Supermercado Hippo
• Supermercado Angeloni
• Whirlpool Joinville
• Manutenção GOL
• Colegio Catarinense
• Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
48. Poder Público
• Estabelecimento de metas e direção
• Compromotimento do estado
• Regulação das responsabilidades
• Garantias Jurídicas para investimento
• Promover o arranjo local
• Defender o ambiente
49. Ações ILZB
• 7 Conferencia Internacional Lixo Zero
(2010)
• Zero Waste YOUTH ( 10 países ) (2011)
• Semana LIXO ZERO (2012)
• Semana LIXO ZERO (2013) (outubro)
• Missões
– Escandinávia
– Califórnia
– Italia
• Certificação
50.
51. São José dos
Campos
LIXO ZERO 2030
( 75% em 2025 )
52. OBRIGADO
• Contatos:
– Instituto Lixo Zero Brasil
• www.ilzb.org
• Facebook
• linkedin
– Zero Waste international Alliance
• www.zwia.org
– Rodrigo Sabatini
• 48 99802358
• rodrigo.sabatini@ilzb.org
• www.tedxfloripa.com.br/2011/talk/rodrigo-sabatini
53.
54. The key-role of Biowaste management
towards a ZW model – the italian
experience
Alberto Confalonieri
55. The 5 R’s
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Rot (compost/digest your organic waste)
• Re-design
56. Contextual remarks:
More than just waste management
• Biodegradables represent the vast majority of
MSW arisings (above all in S. Europe and in
developing countries)
• Proper management often driven by strategies
to reduce impacts of disposal
• Major contributor to GHGs from inappropriate
management of MSW
57. Contextual remarks:
More than just waste management
• Extended benefits of compost: soils,
farmlands, the environment
– Climate Change
– Desertification
– Biodiversity, fertility, resilience,
prevention of floods, erosion
58. Development of source separation
of biowaste in the EU
• Obligations for biowaste management
– NL: compulsory schemes for separate collection
– AUT: obligation upon households to either take part in separate collection or to compost in the
backyard
– Catalunya (Spain): ley 6/95 compulsory for all Municipalities with a pop. > 5000 (recently
extended to cover all Municipalities)
• Targets
– EU: 50% recycling
– SWE: 35% composting target
– ITA, UK: recycling targets acting as drivers
59. What does it take to increase separate
collection ?
“integrated” schemes, kerbside food 80 %
waste + PAYT
70 %
50 %
40 %
20 %
“integrated” schemes, kerbside food
waste separation
Road containers + kerbside (doorstep) for a few dry
recyclables (paper)
“added” systems, organics included through
containers on the road
“added” systems, containers on the road for
dry recyclables
60. A remarkable, quick and long-lasting
effect
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2nd sem. '92
1st sem. '92
2nd sem. '93
1st sem. '93
2nd sem. '94
1st sem. '94
2nd sem. '95
1st sem. '95
2nd sem. '96
1st sem. '96
2nd sem. '97
1st sem. '97
2nd sem. '98
1st sem. '98
2nd sem. '99
1st sem. '99
2nd sem. '00
1st sem. '00
Time
% recycling
Kerbside biowaste
collection implemented
63. 11
Turin
• Pop. 909,000
• Separate collection = 42%
• 404,000 inhabitants with collection
at the doorstep (“kerbside”)
– Waste separation in
neighbourhoods with
kerbside, incl. food waste =
59%
– Waste separation in
neighbourhoods without
kerbside (road containers, 3,2
m3) = 25%
64. Milan
• 1,200,000 inhabitants
• Doorstep organic waste collection started on november 2012 –
completed on summer 2014
• The largest european city provided with a separate collection
scheme of domestic organic waste
65. Cost optimisation (Lombardy, 1500
Cost of collection (green bars)
Municipalities)
and cost of treatment/disposal (blue bars)
Euro/person
74. Italian Legal Framework
• Separate collection targets
– 65% by 31st dicember 2012
• 50% recycling
• Recomendations for biowaste separate
collection (and specific obligation of using
compostable bags)
75. Italian Legal Framework
• D.lgs 75/10 on fertilizers
– End of Waste standards for composted separately collected biowaste
• Regional grantings for compost application on
farmlands
• Regional guidances for compost plants contruction
and management (Lombardy, Veneto, Sicilly,
Campania, Basilicata)
79. COMPOSTING FACILITIES
• Stringent regulations on plant construction and management for
environment protection:
– Closed buildings
– Regulation on process for environment protection (hygienisation,
stability,…)
– Air biofiltration (regulation on odour and other pollutants)
– Water protection
80. COMPOST MARKET
• End of Waste standards depending on the kind of waste
composted (green, kitchen)
• A well established market
• Product quality certification
81. Biowaste composting in Italy
Composting (2011)
n. plants 277
n. operating plants 246
plants treating >1.000 t/y 200
Kitchen waste 2.014.485 ton
Green waste 1.322.546 ton
Sludges 446.876 ton
Other 385.226 ton
TOT 4.169.133 ton
Modified from ISPRA report 2013
82. Anaerobic
Digestion
A biological process which allows to get from biodegradable
materials
• a renewable energy carrier (called “biogas”) and
• a semi-liquid residue (digestate) which can be turned into
compost
• integration AD+composting widely spread in Italy
83. Potential benefits and
constraints of the
integration AD+comp.
+ -
Renewable energy subsidy CAP.EX. higher than composting
Remarkably better life-cycle performances
Liquid waste treatment (requires a good
integration with WWTPs, and/or proper layout
able to exploit evaporation potential of
composting)
Lower odour emissions than composting only potential problems with scaling
Lower need of green waste for the aerobic
step (i.e. urban areas)
Lower footprint than composting only
84. Biowaste anaerobic Digestion in Italy
Anaerobic digestion (2011)
n. plants 32
n. operating plants 27
Kitchen waste 866.158 ton
Green waste 66.754 ton
Sludges 20.025 ton
Other 11.313 ton
TOT 964.250 ton
Biogas 80.871.196 m3
Modified from ISPRA report 2013
85. Thank you
Alberto Confalonieri
+39 335 782 92 64
a.confalonieri@monzaflora.it
86.
87. Innovative Solid Waste
Management
Cidade Lixo Zero – Desafio Possivel?
Säo Jose dos Campos – SP 20140908
Anna Sager
Head of Group – SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden
91. Main challenge and goal
• Increase resource efficiency through
optmisiation of all steps the waste value chain
Transport Pretreatment
Material
recovery
Post treatment
and handling of
hazardous
waste
Sorting
Energy
recovery
Collection
Prevention
Minimisation
92. Main challenge and goal
• Waste prevention and the handling of waste as a resource
• Established infrastructures for reduction of CO2 emissions
increased resource efficiency:
• Incineration,
• anaerobic digestion
• bio-drying for production of compost or Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF).
• EU directives and policies have been a main driving force
behind the waste management planning of the Regions
Transport Pretreatment
Material
recovery
Post treatment
and handling of
hazardous waste
Sorting
Energy
recovery
Collection
Prevention
Minimisation
97. The Wastecosmart partners joined
forces to:
• Optimised waste management for increased resource efficiency:
– How can we strengthen collaboration of science, business and public actors?
– What are the needs of my region for in reserach and innovation?
– What is the optimal waste management approach for my region?
– What can my region learn from interregional cooperation?
– What technologies and processes are already operating successfully
– How can we increase regional competiveness in solid waste management?
– What Business opportunities can be created through optimised waste
management?
98. Regional Data
Status Analyses
TIS analyses structure
SWOT
Basic
data
Working process
DSF TEST
JAP
Horizon 2020
RA
Horizon 2020
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
Knowledge transfer
99. Toolbox
• Status quo
• Technology Innovation System Analysis
• Multicriteria anlysis: Decisiosn support framwork
(DSF)
Joint Action Plan
100. What is ”TIS”
• A tool to better understand technological
innovation
– it is not sufficient to focus only on innovation
processes within a single organisation: the speed and
direction of technological innovation is the result of
complex interaction between many actors of various
types that are working together in a certain
environment.
• Therefore an analytical framework called
Technological Innovation System (TIS) has been
developed to support policy making that
promotes innovations in a certain area.
102. Contact
SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden
Anna Sager, Project Coordinator
anna.sager@sp.se, Tel: +46 (0)10 516 58 37
Obrigada!
WWW.WASTECOSMART.EU
This document reflects only the author’s views and the European Union is not
liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
103.
104. Polo de Valoração de Resíduos
(PVR)
Um Conceito
Uma Metodologia
Uma Estratégia
105. Idealmente, todos os
elementos de um
produto deveriam
poder circular
indefinidamente.
menos matéria,
mais raciocínio
106. A educação ambiental é
considerada a principal ferramenta
para o despertar da consciência
ambiental. O cidadão sensibilizado
e bem informado é determinante
agora e no futuro.
formar
informar
pesquisar
107. Reintrodução no circuito mercantil
transformando resíduo em riqueza
• inventário dos resíduos
• espaços de coleta/entrega
• logística reversa
• infraestrutura na estação de triagem
• políticas de estímulo a separação dos
resíduos na fonte.
•comercialização dos resíduos
109. Localização do Município
Crateús
Distância de Fortaleza:
350km
Área: 2.985,411 km2
População: 72.853 hab.
(IBGE 2010)
Microrregião: Sertão
PIB per capita: R$5.279,20
(IBGE 2010)
121. O passo a passo da Implementação
Fase 1: Planejamento e Organização
Fase 2: Capacitação e Treinamento
Fase 3: Nivelamento da estrutura operacional
Fase 4: Estudos de Viabilidade
Fase 5: Implementação
122. Fase 1: Planejamento e Organização
Primeiro Passo: Obter o comprometimento
dos agentes envolvidos
Segundo Passo: Estabelecer os arranjos
institucionais e Acordos de Cooperação
Terceiro Passo: Organizar os treinamentos e
capacitações dos elos da cadeia de geração,
coleta e reciclagem dos resíduos
Quarto Passo: Barreiras e Soluções
123. Fase 2: Capacitação e Treinamento
Quinto Passo: Desenvolver uma agenda
contínua de cursos de capacitação e
oficinas de treinamento
Sexto Passo: Aplicação da agenda
Sétimo Passo: Determinar os focos da
avaliação de treinamento para formação
de Recursos Humanos
124. Fase 3: Nivelamento da estrutura operacional
Oitavo Passo: Originar um balanço de
materiais necessários para otimização dos
Galpões de Reciclagem existentes nos
municípios
Nono Passo: Avaliação das causas da baixa
produtividade
Décimo Passo: Gerar oportunidades de
otimização
Décimo Primeiro Passo: Seleção de
oportunidades
125. Fase 4: Estudos de Viabilidade
Décimo Segundo Passo: Avaliação Preliminar
Décimo Terceiro Passo: Avaliação Técnica
Décimo Quarto Passo: Avaliação Econômica
Décimo Quinto Passo: Avaliação Ambiental
Décimo Sexto Passo: Selecionar as
tecnologias mais apropriadas
126. Fase 5: Implementação
Décimo Sétimo Passo: Preparar um Plano
de implementação
Décimo Oitavo Passo: Implementar o
Plano
Décimo Nono Passo: Monitorar e Avaliar
Vigésimo Passo: Sustentar atividades de
Beneficiamento de Resíduos
156. Seminário Internacional de Resíduos Sólidos
Waste Management in Sweden
São José dos Campos 2014-09-04
Bo von Bahr
SP, Technical Research Institute of Sweden
158. Overview of household waste in Sweden
Amount of treated household
waste 1975 - 2013
2013: 461 kg waste / person
Material recycling, Biological recycling, Energy recovery, Landfill
159. The waste stair is the fundamental
Minimize! Minimizar!
Re-use! Reutilizar!
Recycle! Reciclar!
Energy Recovery
Recuperação de energia
Landfill Aterro
The background is a
Swedish law, which is
built on EU-legislation.
160. The waste stair in Brasil legislation:
LAW 12,305, OF 2 AUGUST 2010
Institutes the National Policy on Solid Waste;
162. The sorting of household waste
• Waste from household are sorted as following:
– Organic waste (sometimes not sorted from the
combustible waste)
– Combustible waste
– Recycable waste (collected at recycle stations, or close to
household)
• Paper
• Glass
• Metal
• Plastic
– Other waste (collected at recycling stations)
• Electronic waste, dangerous waste, construction waste, garden
waste,
car tyres etc.
163. Treatment of the household waste
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Sweden
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
Denmark
Austria
Luxembourg
France
Spain
Portugal
Czech Republic
Italy
Finland
United Kingdom
Hungary
Greece
Poland
Recycling WtE Landfilling
164. Funding of the system
• Every household pays a ”solid waste fee” to cover the
expenses that the municipalities have for the waste
collection and treatment
• An average household pays about 615 Reais (2030 kr)
each year
• In recent years – the fee is higher if you not separate
organic waste – it is more costly to be lazy…
165. Current challenges for swedish waste treatment
• To separate more recycable waste (paper, plastic, metal
and glass) – which reduces the amount to incineration
• Increase the collection of organic waste, and produce
more biogas from the organic waste