2. TO BE – SIMPLE PRESENT
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
I am I am not Am I?
You are You are not Are you?
He is He is not Is he?
She is She is not Is she?
It is It is not Is it?
We are We are not Are we?
You are You are not Are you?
They are They are not Are they?
3. TO BE – SIMPLE PRESENT
A negativa é formada adicionando-se a
partícula NOT após o verbo TO BE.
Forma-se a interrogativa colocando o verbo
TO BE antes do sujeito.
Formas contraídas: IS NOT = ISN’T
ARE NOT = AREN’T
4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
THIS (este, esta, isto) refere-se a algo que está
próximo de quem fala. O plural de THIS é THESE.
Ex.: This system is an electrical unit. / These
systems are electrical units.
THAT (esse, essa, isso, aquele, aquela, aquilo)
refere-se a algo que está longe de quem fala. O
plural de THAT é THOSE.
Ex.: That is a circuit board. / Those are circuits
boards.
5. PLURAL OF NOUNS
De maneira geral, faz-se o plural acrescentando -s
à forma do singular.
Ex.: object – objects spring – springs unit – units
Substantivos terminados em -s -ss -ch -sh -x e
-z recebem -es.
Ex.: bus – buses / church – churches / brush –
brushes / box – boxes / buzz – buzzes
6. PLURAL OF NOUNS
Substantivos terminados em y:
quando o y for precedido por vogal apenas
acrescenta-se s
Ex.: boy – boys / key – keys / bay – bays
quando o y for precedido por consoante retira-
se o y e acrescenta-se ies.
Ex.: lady – ladies / sky – skies / city – cities
7. PLURAL OF NOUNS
Plurais irregulares: man – men / woman – women / mouse
– mice / fish – fish
Ex.: foot – feet / tooth – teeth / child – children
Alguns substantivos terminados em -f ou -fe mudam o -f
ou -fe para -v e recebem -es.
Ex.: life – lives / shelf – shelves / half – halves / self –
selves
Palavras terminadas em -o podem fazer o plural em -s ou
-es.
Ex.: casino – casinos / hippo – hippos / photo – photos
8. THERE TO BE
• Formas afirmativas: THERE IS , THERE
ARE, THERE WAS, THERE WERE.
Present Past
Singular THERE IS (Há) THERE WAS (Havia / Houve)
Plural THERE ARE (Há) THERE WERE (Havia / Houve)
9. THERE TO BE
• Formas interrogativas: IS THERE? ARE
THERE ? WAS THERE? WERE THERE?
• Formas negativas: THERE IS NOT (ISN'T),
THERE ARE NOT (AREN'T), THERE WAS NOT
(WASN'T), THERE WERE NOT (WEREN'T).
10. SOME USEFUL
PREPOSITIONS
above: acima against: contra
among: entre (vários) in front of: na frente de
around: ao redor de, em volta de out of: para fora
behind: atrás de to: para
between: entre dois under: embaixo de
beside: ao lado de until: até
in: dentro / em inside: parte interna
below: abaixo next to: próximo a
beside: ao lado de across from: oposto, o
contrário
11. SOME USEFUL
PREPOSITIONS
across: de um lado e outro opposite: oposto, o contrário
from: de among: entre, no meio, dentre
up: para cima along: ao longo, avante
down: para baixo into: para dentro de
towards: em direção a out of: para fora de
through: através de around: ao redor de
with: com on: em, sobre
without: sem for: por / para
of: de by: por
into: para dentro within: dentro
12. SOME USEFUL
PREPOSITIONS
1. Walk three times .........around......... the pool.
2. Helen is ......at....... home.
3. I like bread ......with...... cheese.
4. The screwdrivers are .....on.... the floor,
...under..../....behind.../...in front of .... the chair
13. SOME USEFUL
PREPOSITIONS
5. The gun is ......on......... the main deck.
6. The man walked .....out of...../.....into..... the
hotel.
7. We are going ........to......... school for our first
French lesson,
8. The pliers are...... inside............the drawer.