1 ano ingles

INGLÊS – 1º ANO ENSINO MÉDIO TÉCNICO - 2015 Página 1
APOSTILA 2015
INGLÊS / ENGLISH
STUDENT:_____________________________

SUMARY
Unit 1 Simple Present………………………………………….…. 03
Unit 2 Present Continuous……………………………………….. 07
Unit 3 Simple Past………………………………………………… 11
Unit 4 Past Continuous…………………………………………... 20
Unit 5 Modal Verbs………………………………………………. 23
Unit 6 Quantifiers………………………………………………... 25
Unit 7 Comparative and Superlative Degrees…………………… 28
Unit 8 Genitive Case (‘)………………………………………….. 31
Unit 9 Tag Questions…………………………………………….. 36
Unit 10 Simple Future (will)……………………………………... 38
Unit 11 Immediate Future (going to)…………………………….. 41
Unit 12 Present Perfect…………………………………………… 43
Unit 13 Present Perfect Continuous………………………………. 47

CHAPTER 1
What is stress?
Stress is a term that doctors use to describe pressure or physical force such as
the compression of teeth during chewing. The forces acting on a joint when a
person carries a weight or does a physical exercise are other examples. The
term also describes an influence that disturbs the natural equilibrium of the
bodies of men and women.
What causes stress?
The causes of stress encompass physical injury, temperature or season
changes, disease, emotional disturbances or prolonged demands on physical or
mental endurance. If the stress persists for a long time, one or more of the
stress diseases may develop: these include mental disorders like schizophrenia
and physical conditions like ulcer, hypertension, eczema, or asthma.
What kind of emotional disturbance causes stress?
There are several possible reasons related to some life events. For example:
when a person loses or changes a job, when a spouse has marital conflicts or
when a student has a serious school examination. It also happens when a
family member die.
Reading Comprehension
1) O texto aborda:
a- Aspectos físicos e psicológicos causados pelo estresse.
b- Basicamente a compressão entre os dentes durante a mastigação.
c- Unicamente os aspectos físicos do estresse em pessoas que carregam
peso.
d- Os desequilíbrios causados pelo estresse nos corpos de homens e
mulheres influentes.
e- Os problemas de se fazer exercícios físicos sem orientação
especializada.
2) Entre as causas gerais do estresse podem ser citadas todas as
opções abaixo, exceto:
a- Uma doença.
b- Um distúrbio mental.

c- Um esforço contínuo e repetitivo em determinada parte do corpo.
d- Uma notícia sobre a próxima estação do ano.
e- Alterações bruscas de temperatura.
3) Segundo o texto:
a- Demandas judiciais prolongadas afetam a mente e o físico, causando
estresse.
b- Mudanças de tempero nos alimentos e hábitos não saudáveis causam
estresse.
c- A esquizofrenia e a asma podem ser efeitos do estresse.
d- A persistirem os sintomas do estresse, consulte um médico.
e- O eczema, a hipertensão e a úlcera sempre acontecem com o estresse.
4) Qual das informações abaixo não consta no texto?
a- A perda do emprego pode desencadear uma crise de estresse.
b- Para evitar o estresse são sugeridos cuidados e tratamentos.
c- O falecimento de um familiar pode gerar estresse.
d- Desquites e divórcios são eventos que podem causar estresse.
e- Há pessoas que se estressam ao serem testadas em exames e
concursos.
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PRESENT
Usa-se o simple present para falar de hábitos, rotina, acontecimentos ou ações
que acontecem regularmente ou com freqüência. Neste caso é comum o uso
dos advérbios de freqüência tais como: always, often, sometimes, usually,
normally, every day (week, month, year, Sunday). Porém, eles não são
obrigatórios, nem são usados exclusivamente com o simple present. Exemplo:
I get up at seven o’clock every day.
Os advérbios e locuções mais usados no presente simples são:
 Always – sempre
 Never – nunca
 Often/Frequently – freqüentemente
 Seldom/Rarely – raramente

 Generally – geralmente
 Usually – usualmente
 Sometimes – às vezes
 Once a week – uma vez por semana
 Twice a month – duas vezes por mês
 Three times a year – três vezes por ano
 Four times a day – quatro vezes por dia
 Every day – todo dia
 Every morning – toda manhã
 Every afternoon – toda tarde
 Every night – toda noite
 Every spring – toda primavera
Conjugam-se os verbos no presente simples da seguinte forma:
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I
WE
YOU
THEY
LIKE
I
WE
YOU
THEY
DON’T LIKE DO
I
WE
YOU
THEY
LIKE?
HE
SHE
IT
LIKES
HE
SHE
IT
DOESN’T LIKE DOES
HE
SHE
IT
LIKE?
Na forma afirmativa você deve conjugar o verbo de modo correto. Para as
pessoas I, YOU, WE, THEY você conjuga o verbo tal como ele se apresenta no
infinitivo. Para as terceiras pessoas (HE, SHE, IT), há algumas regras a saber:
 Se o verbo termina em o, ch, s, ss, sh, x ou z acrescenta-se es para
formar a 3ª pessoa do singular. Exemplos:
Go – goes
Catch – catches
Pass - passes
Brush – brushes
Fix – fixes
Buzz – buzzes

 Caso o verbo termine em y precedido de consoante, troca-se o y por i e
acrescenta-se es. Sendo o y precedido de vogal basta acrescentar um
s. Exemplos:
Try – tries
Play – plays
 Outra coisa importante a saber é que ao passar uma frase da forma
afirmativa para a interrogativa, você deve observar se está se usando o
verbo na 3ª pessoa. Observe a frase abaixo:
She plays the piano very well. (está na 3ª pessoa do singular)
 Para se passar essa frase da forma afirmativa para a interrogativa, você
deve usar o auxiliar DOES e retirar o S do verbo. Observe a mudança:
DOES She play the piano very well? (o verbo PLAY volta para a forma do
infinitivo)
 Para a forma negativa você utiliza os auxiliares DO/DOES + partícula
NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL. Exemplos:
I don’t play the piano.
She doesn’t play the piano.
Exercises
Underline the verbs in the 3rd person singular:
I work in a bank and my friend John works there too. I walk to work, but John
goes by bus. We sometimes meet at the cafeteria and have a coffee together.
After work, I go to night school and I study until late. John has more fun. He
plays football with his friends or goes to the disco. But I want a better job, so
while he plays, I learn.
A) Underline the correct verb form:
1- They (speak/speaks) English fluently.
2- Do you (do/does) voluntary work?
3- Charles doesn’t (know/knows) how to use the computer.
4- My friends (live/lives) in Dublin.
5- He (is/are) a doctor and (work/works) in a large hospital.

B) Supply the simple present of the verbs in parentheses:
1- My sister _______________ (hurry) to school every morning.
2- Janet _______________ (work) from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
3- In her free time she ________________ (play) rugby.
4- I often _______________ (have) to work on Saturdays.
5- What do you _______________ (do) in the morning?
C) Check the appropriate questions:
1- Jimmy rarely reads a book.
a- When does Jimmy read books?
b- What does he read?
2- Yes, I do. I use the computer every day.
a- What do you do everyday?
b- Do you use the computer every day?
3- Denise works at the hospital.
a- When does she work at the hospital?
b- Where does she work?
4- We go to school in the morning.
a- Where do you go in the morning?
b- Do you go to school in the morning?
CHAPTER 2
A postcard from London
Dear Walter,
Here I am in London. It’s a fantastic city, a mix of past and present. I’m visiting
many beautiful places: gardens, parks, squares, castles, palaces, museums,
churches, cathedrals and markets.
It’s easy to use the local public transport such as the tube, the buses, and the
famous double-decker bus. But I’m not using the cabs. They are unattractive, in
my opinion.
I’m writing from Westminster Abbey, the place of the Coronation of Kings and
Queens of England since 1066. It’s the setting for royal weddings and also the
resting place of many heroes.

Tomorrow I’m going to Greenwich by boat, along The Thames River. This is
one of my old wishes.
Kisses,
Agnes
1) Para Agnes, Londres impressiona:
a- Pela quantidade de locais religiosos abertos aos turistas.
b- Pelo número de castelos, palácios e galerias de arte.
c- Pelo grande número de jardins, praças e templos.
d- Pela combinação de elementos antigos e modernos.
e- Por ser uma cidade antiga.
2) Agnes está visitando muitos lugares em Londres, dentre eles:
a- Jardins, parques, praças e bibliotecas.
b- Castelos, palácios, museus e shoppings.
c- Igrejas, catedrais, mercados e estádios.
d- Pontes, praças, castelos e palácios.
e- Praças, castelos, palácios e museus.
3) Agnes relata em sua mensagem que:
a- É fácil andar a pé em Londres.
b- Os táxis londrinos são caros.
c- Não gostou do visual dos táxis londrinos.
d- Já andou de ônibus e de metrô em Londres.
e- Não está usando as famosas cabines telefônicas de Londres.
GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
O presente contínuo é um tempo verbal que expressa uma ação que está
acontecendo no momento. Por exemplo: Eu estou lendo agora. A ação de ler
está acontecendo no momento, portanto o tempo verbal é o presente contínuo.
Além disto, devemos saber também que este tempo verbal é composto, isto é,
possui mais de um elemento em sua fórmula. Já conhecemos um desses
elementos, que é o verbo to be (ser, estar) no presente, e o outro elemento é o
gerúndio do verbo principal.

O gerúndio, em inglês, é formado com o infinitivo do verbo, sem a partícula to,
mais a terminação ing no final.
A terminação ing em inglês corresponde às terminações: -ando, -endo, -indo, -
ondo.
Façamos um paralelo com a língua portuguesa:
Língua Portuguesa Língua Inglesa
Infinitivo Gerúndio Infinitive Gerund
Falar Falando To speak Speaking
Ler Lendo To read Reading
Corrigir Corrigindo To correct Correcting
Compor Compondo To compose Composing*
Atenção:
* Verbos terminados em e, como exemplo, “to compose” (compor), trocam o
e pelo i da forma do gerúndio – ing. Ex:
To close – closing (fechar)
Atenção:
O infinitivo em inglês é formado pela partícula to (que não tem tradução
isolada) mais a raiz do verbo. Observe:
To go – ir
To – partícula de infinitivo
Go – raiz do verbo
To study – estudar
To – partícula de infinitivo
Study – raiz do verbo
Toda vez que um verbo estiver no infinitivo, a sua tradução corresponderá
sempre aos finais –ar, -er, -ir, -or. Ex:
To read – ler
Concluindo: o presente contínuo tem a seguinte fórmula: verbo to be + verbo
principal no gerúndio.
Assim como todo tempo verbal, o presente contínuo se estrutura em 3 formas
básicas. Observe a conjugação do verbo to work (trabalhar) no presente
contínuo na tabela abaixo:

1. Forma Afirmativa.
Formas sem contração Forma contraída Tradução
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
I’m working
You’re working
He’s working
She’s working
It’s working
We’re working
You’re working
They’re working
Eu estou trabalhando
Você está trabalhando
Ele está trabalhando
Ela está trabalhando
Ele/ela está trabalhando
Nós estamos trabalhando
Vocês estão trabalhando
Eles/elas estão trabalhando
2. Forma Negativa
I am not working
You are not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
I’m not working
You aren’t working
He isn’t working
She isn’t working
It isn’t working
We aren’t working
You aren’t working
They aren’t working
Eu não estou trabalhando
Você não está trabalhando
Ele não está trabalhando
Ela não está trabalhando
Ele/ela não está trabalhando
Nós não estamos trabalhando
Vocês não estão trabalhando
Eles/elas não estão trabalhando
3. Forma Interrogativa
Am I working?
Are you working?
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?
(Não se faz a
contração)
Eu estou trabalhando?
Você está trabalhando?
Ele está trabalhando?
Ela está trabalhando?
Ele/ela está trabalhando?
Nós estamos trabalhando?
Vocês estão trabalhando?
Eles/elas estão trabalhando?

Exercises
1) Rewrite the verbs below with –ing:
a- Visit=
b- Rain=
c- Shine=
d- Be=
e- Free=
f- Tie=
g- Destroy=
h- Worry=
2) Escreva os verbos entre parênteses no gerúndio para completar
as frases.
a- I am _______________ a composition. (to write)
b- Jack is _______________ here. (to come)
c- You are _______________ now. (to sleep)
d- You are _______________ Geography. (to study)
Nas questões abaixo, escolha a alternativa correta.
3) (UC-MG) Don’t talk so loud. The young man _______________
a- is sleeping
b- sleep
c- sleeps
d- are sleeping
4) (FUVEST) At present he _______________ for a big company.
a- work
b- works
c- is working
d- working
CHAPTER 3
The little girl and the wolf
On a cloudy afternoon a big wolf waited in a forest for a little girl to come along
carrying a basket of food to her grandmother. Finally, the girl came along. “Are

you carrying that basket to your grandmother?” asked the wolf. The little girl
didn’t know what to answer, but then she said yes. The wolf asked her where
her grandmother’s house was and the little girl told him. “Did you know that this
way is a short-cut to your grandmother’s?” the wolf explained to her, by
indicating a road. The girl thanked him and he suddenly disappeared into the
wood.
When the little girl entered her grandmother’s house, she saw that there was
somebody in bed, wearing a nightcap and a nightgown. When she approached
the bed, she saw that it was not her grandmother, but the wolf, because even in
a nightcap and in a nightgown a wolf does not look like your grandmother.
So the little girl took a pepper spray can out of her basket, sprayed onto the
wolf’s eyes and called the police.
Moral: It’s not easy to deceive little girls today as it used to be.
1) O texto é um (a):
a- História infantil.
b- Paródia de uma fábula.
c- Parábola.
d- Conto de fadas.
e- História da carochinha.
2) No texto, as palavras “little girl” são uma alusão a:
a- Red Hot Chilli Peppers.
b- Snow-White.
c- Slepping Beauty.
d- Little Red-Cap.
e- Cinderella.
3) Que palavra em inglês melhor caracteriza a personalidade dolobo
mencionado no texto?
a- Ill-mannered.
b- Hobo.
c- Deceiver.
d- Tramp.

GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST
O passado simples é usado para referir a eventos, ações ou situações que
aconteceram no passado e no momento de nossa fala acham-se concluídas,
isto é o quando o fato ocorreu pode ser expresso ou vir subentendido.
Usa-se quando se indica uma ação completamente ocorrida e finalizada no
passado, num tempo específico. Aparecerá sempre, explícita ou implicitamente
na frase, um complemento (advérbio) definindo o tempo em que a ação foi
executada como: yesterday, last week/month/year/night, two years ago etc.
Exemplo: I met Gloria last Monday. Assim como usamos os auxiliares
DO/DOES para formar sentenças negativas e interrogativas no presente
simples, da mesma maneira usamos para a forma negativa e interrogativa do
passado simples o auxiliar DID para todas as pessoas.O passado simples se
estrutura da seguinte forma:
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
Sujeito + verbo reg./irreg. Sem to
He went to the beach last Sunday
FORMA NEGATIVA
Sujeito + Did + Not + Verbo (infinitivo) sem to
He didn’t go to the beach last year
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
Did + Sujeito + Verbo no infinitivo
Did He go to the beach last Sunday?
Nós apenas conjugamos realmente o verbo na forma afirmativa, nas demais
formas usamos o auxiliar DID. Outro ponto a ser estudado neste tempo verbal
é a questão dos dois tipos de verbos: regulares e irregulares. Os verbos
regulares formam o pretérito e o particípio passado acrescentando -ed ao
infinitivo. Já os verbos irregulares não formam o pretérito e o particípio passado
com –ed e sim têm formas diferentes ou iguais ao infinitivo.
Ao acrescentar –ed para formar o pretérito, alguns verbos sofrem alteração na
grafia. Veja o quadro abaixo:
REGRA -ED
Verbos terminados em e Acrescenta-se apenas d: hope= hoped
Verbos de uma sílaba terminados em
consoante precedida de uma única
vogal
Repete-se a consoante final antes de
acrescentar –ed: stop= stopped/rob=
robbed
Verbo de duas sílabas sendo a Repete-se a consoante final antes de

segunda tônica acrescentar –ed: prefer= preferred
Verbos terminados em Y Se for precedido de consoante, o Y é
substituído por ied. Se precedido de
vogal acrescenta-se apenas –ed: study=
studied/play= played
Verbos terminados em ie Acrescenta-se –d: die= died/lie= lied
VERBOS REGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUÇÃO
ABANDON ABANDONED ABANDONED ABANDONAR
ACCEPT ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACEITAR
ACCUSE ACCUSED ACCUSED ACUSAR
ADD ADDED ADDED SOMAR/ACRESCENTAR
ADMIRE ADMIRED ADMIRED ADMIRAR
ADMIT ADMITED ADMITED ADMITIR
ADVANCE ADVANCED ADVANCED AVANÇAR
ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED ACONSELHAR
AGREE AGREED AGREED CONCORDAR
ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMITIR
AMUSE AMUSED AMUSED DIVERTIR
ANSWER ANSWERED ANSWERED RESPONDER
APPEAR APPEARED APPEARED APARECER
ARGUE ARGUED ARGUED DISCUTIR
ARRIVE ARRIVED ARRIVED CHEGAR
ASK ASKED ASKED PERGUNTAR/PEDIR
ASSIST ASSISTED ASSISTED AJUDAR
ATTACK ATTACKED ATTACKED ATACAR
AVOID AVOIDED AVOIDED EVITAR
BAKE BAKED BAKED COZER
BARK BARKED BARKED LATIR
BEG BEGGED BEGGED PEDIR/ROGAR
BEHAVE BEHAVED BEHAVED COMPORTAR
BELIEVE BELIEVED BELIEVED ACREDITAR
BELONG BELONGED BELONGED PERTENCER
BET BETTED BETTED APOSTAR
BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRESTAR
BRUSH BRUSHED BRUSHED ESCOVAR
CALL CALLED CALLED CHAMAR
CHANGE CHANGED CHANGED MUDAR/TROCAR
CLAIM CLAIMED CLAIMED RECLAMAR
CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED LIMPAR
COMMAND COMMANDED COMMANDED COMANDAR
COMPARE COMPARED COMPARED COMPARAR
CONDUCT CONDUCTED CONDUCTED CONDUZIR
CONTINUE CONTINUED CONTINUED CONTINUAR
COOK COOKED COOKED COZINHAR
COVER COVERED COVERED COBRIR

CROSS CROSSED CROSSED CRUZAR
CRY CRIED CRIED CHORAR
DANCE DANCED DANCED DANÇAR
DECIDE DECIDED DECIDED DECIDIR
DELIEVER DELIEVERED DELIEVERED ENTREGAR
DESCRIBE DESCRIBED DESCRIBED DESCREVER
DISCOVER DISCOVERED DISCOVERED DESCOBRIR
DRESS DRESSED DRESSED VESTIR
DROP DROPPED DROPPED CAIR/GOTEJAR
EMPLOY EMPLOYED EMPLOYED EMPREGAR
END ENDED ENDED ACABAR/TERMINAR
ENJOY ENJOYED ENJOYED GOSTAR/APRECIAR
ESCAPE ESCAPED ESCAPED ESCAPAR
EXAMINE EXAMINED EXAMINED EXAMINAR
EXCUSE EXCUSED EXCUSED DESCULPAR
EXERCISE EXERCISED EXERCISED EXERCITAR-SE
FILL FILLED FILLED ENCHER
FINISH FINISHED FINISHED ACABAR
FIX FIXED FIXED REPARAR/CONSERTAR
FRY FRIED FRIED FRITAR
GAIN GAINED GAINED GANHAR DINHEIRO
GRADUATE GRADUATED GRADUATED FORMAR/GRADUAR
HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED ACONTECER
HELP HELPED HELPED AJUDAR/SOCORRER
IMPROVE IMPROVED IMPROVED MELHORAR
INVITE INVITED INVITED CONVIDAR
LIKE LIKED LIKED GOSTAR
LISTEN LISTENED LISTENED OUVIR
LIVE LIVED LIVED MORAR/VIVER
LOOK LOOKED LOOKED OLHAR
LOVE LOVED LOVED AMAR
MARRY MARRIED MARRIED CASAR
MISS MISSED MISSED PERDER O ÔNIBUS,ETC
MOVE MOVED MOVED MOVER/MUDAR
NEED NEEDED NEEDED PRECISAR/NECESSITAR
OBEY OBEYED OBEYED OBEDECER
OBSERVE OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVAR
OPEN OPENED OPENED ABRIR
OFFER OFFERED OFFERED OFERECER
PAINT PAINTED PAINTED PINTAR
PARK PARKED PARKED ESTACIONAR
POST POSTED POSTED ENVIAR/POSTAR CARTA
PLAY PLAYED PLAYED TOCAR/JOGAR/BRINCAR
PREPARE PREPARED PREPARED PREPARAR

PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUZIR
PROMISE PROMISED PROMISED PROMETER
PROTECT PROTECTED PROTECTED PROTEGER
PUBLISH PUBLISHED PUBLISHED PUBLICAR
RAIN RAINED RAINED CHOVER
REALISE REALISED REALISED PERCEBER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECEBER
REFUSE REFUSED REFUSED RECUSAR
RELAX RELAXED RELAXED RELAXAR
REMEMBER REMEMBERE
D
REMEMBERED LEMBRAR
RENT RENTED RENTED ALUGAR
REPEAT REPEATED REPEATED REPETIR
REPLY REPLIED REPLIED RESPONDER
REST RESTED RESTED DESCANSAR
REWARD REWARDED REWARDED RECOMPENSAR
SAVE SAVED SAVED ECONOMIZAR/SALVAR
SKI SKIED SKIED ESQUIAR
SEEM SEEMED SEEMED PARECER
SMOKE SMOKED SMOKED FUMAR
SNOW SNOWED SNOWED NEVAR
START STARTED STARTED COMEÇAR
STOP STOPPED STOPPED PARAR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDAR
SURPRISE SURPRISED SURPRISED SURPREENDER
TALK TALKED TALKED FALAR/CONVERSAR
TASTE TASTED TASTED PROVAR/SABOREAR
THANK THANKED THANKED AGRADECER
TRANSLATE TRANSLATE
D
TRANSLATED TRADUZIR
TRY TRIED TRIED TENTAR/EXPERIMENTAR
TURN TURNED TURNED VIRAR
USE USED USED USAR
VISIT VISITED VISITED VISITAR
WAIT WAITED WAITED ESPERAR
WALK WALKED WALKED CAMINHAR
WANT WANTED WANTED QUERER
WASH WASHED WASHED LAVAR
WATER WATERED WATERED REGAR
WORK WORKED WORKED TRABALHAR

VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRADUÇÃO
ARISE AROSE ARISEN SURGIR/LEVANTAR
AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN DESPERTAR/ACORDAR
BE WAS/WERE BEEN SER/ESTAR
BEAR BORE/BARE BORNE SUPORTAR/AGUENTAR
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATER/DERROTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME TORNAR
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN COMEÇAR
BEND BENT BENT CURVAR
BET BET BET APOSTAR
BIND BOUND BOUND ATAR/AMARRAR/ENCADERNAR
BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
BLEED BLED BLED SANGRAR
BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPRAR
BREAK BROKE BROKEN QUEBRAR
BREED BRED BRED PROCRIAR
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TRAZER
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
BURN BURNT BURNT QUEIMAR
BURST BURST BURST REBENTAR
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT COMPRAR
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT CATAR/APANHAR
CAST CAST CAST LANÇAR
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ESCOLHER
COME CAME COME VIR
COST COST COST CUSTAR
CREEP CREPT CREPT ARRASTAR/RASTEJAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR
DEAL DEALT DEALT LIDAR/TRATAR
DIG DUG DUG CAVAR/ESCAVAR
DO DID DONE FAZER
DRAW DREW DRAWN DESENHAR
DREAM DREAMT DREAMT SONHAR
DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBER/TOMAR
DRIVE DROVE DROVEN DIRIGIR
EAT ATE EATEN COMER
FALL FELL FALLEN CAIR
FEED FED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT LUTAR/COMBATER
FIND FOUND FOUND ENCONTRAR
FLY FLEW FLOWN VOAR
FLEE FLED FLED FUGIR DE/ESCAPAR
FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROIBIR
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN ESQUECER
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDOAR

FREEZE FROZE FROZEN GELAR
GET GOT GOTTEN CONSEGUIR/OBTER
GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
GO WENT GONE IR
GRIND GROUND GROUND MOER/TRITURAR
GROW GREW GROWN CRESCER
HANG HUNG HUNG PENDURAR
HAVE HAD HAD TER
HEAR HEARD HEARD OUVIR
HIDE HID HIDDEN ESCONDER
HIT HIT HIT BATER/ACERTAR
HOLD HELD HELD SEGURAR/AGUENTAR
HURT HURT HURT FERIR/MAGOAR
KEEP KEPT KEPT GUARDAR/CONSERVAR
KNEEL KNELT KNELT AJOELHAR
KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONHECER
LAY LAID LAID PÔR/COLOCAR/BOTAR
LEAD LED LED LEVAR/CONDUZIR
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT APRENDER
LEAVE LEFT LEFT DEIXAR/PARTIR
LEND LENT LENT EMPRESTAR
LET LET LET DEIXAR/PERMITIR
LIE LAY LAIN ESTAR DEITADO/JAZER
LIGHT LIT LIT ACENDER
LOSE LOST LOST PERDER
MAKE MADE MADE FAZER
MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFICAR
MEET MET MET ENCONTRAR
PAY PAID PAID PAGAR
PUT PUT PUT COLOCAR
QUIT QUIT QUIT (QUITTED) ABANDONAR/DESISTIR DE
READ READ READ LER
RID RID RID LIVRAR
RIDE RODE RIDDEN CAVALGAR
RING RANG RUNG TOCAR SINO/TELEFONE
RISE ROSE RISEN LEVANTAR
RUN RAN RUN CORRER
SAW SAWED SAWN SERRAR
SAY SAID SAID DIZER
SET SET SET COLOCAR
SEE SAW SEEN VER
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT PROCURAR/BUSCAR
SELL SOLD SOLD VENDER
SEND SENT SENT ENVIAR
SEW SEWED SEWN COSTURAR
SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN BATER
SHAVE SHAVED SHAVEN BARBEAR
SHINE SHONE SHONE BRILHAR

SHOOT SHOT SHOT ATIRAR
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHRINK SHRANK SHUNK ESCOLHER
SHUT SHUT SHUT FECHAR
SINK SANK SUNK AFUNDAR
SING SANG SANG CANTAR
SIT SAT SAT SENTAR
SLIDE SLID SLIDDEN ESCORREGAR
SLIT SLIT SLIT CORTAR/FAZER UMA INCISÃO
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
SMELL SMELT SMELT CHEIRAR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN FALAR
SOW SOWED SOWN SEMEAR/PLANTAR
SPELL SPELT SPELT SOLETRAR
SPEED SPED SPED CORRER/APRESSAR
SPEND SPENT SPENT GASTAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD ESPALHAR/ESTENDER
SPILL SPILT SPILT ENTORNAR
SPIT SPAT SPAT CUSPIR
SPLIT SPLIT SPLIT RACHAR/FENDER
SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
STAND STOOD STOOD FICAR EM PÉ
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROUBAR
STICK STUCK STUCK COLAR/FINCAR/CRAVAR
STING STUNG STUNG FERROAR/PICAR
STINK STUNK STUNK CHEIRAR MAL
STRIDE STRODE STRIDDEN ANDAR A PASSOS LARGOS
STRIKE SRUCK STRUCK AGREDIR
STRIVE STROVE STRIVEN ESFORÇAR/EMPENHAR
SWEAR SWORE SWORN JURAR/PRAGUEJAR
SWEAT SWEAT SWEAT SUAR
SWEEP SWEPT SWEPT VARRER
SWELL SWELLED SWOLLEN INCHAR
SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
SWING SWUNG SWUNG BALANÇAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSINAR
TELL TOLD TOLD DIZER/CONTAR
THINK THOUGHT TOUGHT PENSAR/ACHAR
THROW THREW THROWN ARREMESSAR/LANÇAR/ATIRAR
UNDERSTAN
D
UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD ENTENDER/COMPREENDER
WAKE WOKE WOKEN (WAKED) ACORDAR
WEAR WORE WORN USAR/VESTIR/TRAJAR
WEAVE WOVE WOVEN TECER/TRANÇAR
WEEP WEPT WEPT CHORAR
WET WET WET (WETTED) MOLHAR/UMEDECER

WIN WON WON VENCER/GANHAR
WIND WOUND WOUND ENROLAR/SERPENTEAR
WRING WRUNG WRUNG ESPREMER/TORCER
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCREVER
NOTA: Os verbos awake, burn, dream, light, wake podem ser regulares, ou
seja, formando o passado simples pelo acréscimo de ED (awaked, burned,
dreamed, lighted, waked, respectivamente)
Exercises
1) Complete as frases abaixo com o passado dos verbos entre parênteses.
a- Yesterday evening I __________ watched television. (watch)
b- I __________ my teeth three times yesterday. (clean)
c- Bernard __________ 20 cigarettes yesterday. (smoke)
d- The concert last night __________ at 7:30. (start)
e- The accident __________ last Sunday. (happen)
2) Reescreva as sentenças do presente simples para o passado simples.
a- They speak Italian very well.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Silvia eats at the French restaurant every Sunday.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- She lives in England.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
d- I go to swim today.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- Felipe is happy because today is his birthday.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Coloque as frases na ordem correta.

a- I/club/went/to/the/yesterday.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Did/watch/you/TV/yesterday?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- I/Faustão/Sunday/last/watch/didn´t.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- I/carnival/went/England/to/in
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4
A shower in India
Many years ago in India, an important local chief invited an English lady to be
the first person to use the new shower-the first one in that part of the continent.
The lady went into the bathhouse, turned on the taps and got into the nice,
warm water. But while she was taking her shower, she looked up became
frightened to see an eye watching her through a hole. She go out, dressed and
ran outside. She saw an old man there. He was carrying a petrol container of
hot water in one of cold water in the other. In front of him were two funnels.
‘Why were you watching me in my bath?’ the lady asked him angrily.
The man answered politely, ‘I have to see which tap you turn on, madam, so I
know if I pour in hot or cold water’.

1) Baseando-se no texto, assinale verdadeiro (T) ou falso (F).
a- The local chief mentioned is probably an elected deputy or senator.
b- The English lady was probably a visitor.
c- A new bathhouse was being inaugurated in some part of India.
d- The part of India where the story happens is certainly Bombay.
e- The bathhouse was something new in that part of India.
f- The story happened in a small modern Indian village.
g- The lady mentioned in the text was an English visitor.
h- Probably there was no electricity power in that place of India.
i- The man frightened the lady.
j- The village people were watching the lady while she was taking her
shower.
GRAMMAR
PAST CONTINUOUS
O passado contínuo é formado pelo passado do verbo to be seguido do verbo
principal no gerúndio.
O gerúndio em inglês tem o final –ing que corresponde em português aos
finais:
-ando
-endo
-indo
-ondo
Este tempo verbal é usado para expressar uma ação contínua no passado, isto
é, uma ação que estava acontecendo num tempo definido no passado.
Exemplos:
They were sleeping at ten o’ clock p.m. last night.
(Eles estavam dormindo às dez horas ontem à noite)
It was raining last Sunday morning
(Estava chovendo domingo passado de manhã)
O passado contínuo também é usado para expressar duas ações ao mesmo
tempo no passado.
Geralmente estas ações são ligadas pela palavra while (enquanto). Exemplos:
T F

The teacher was correcting the tests while the students were writing a
composition.
(O professor estava corrigindo os testes enquanto os alunos estavam
escrevendo uma composição)
We were cutting the grass while Bob was sleeping.
(Nós estávamos cortando a grama enquanto Bob estava dormindo)
Assim como todo tempo verbal, o passado contínuo se estrutura em 3 formas
básicas. Observe a conjugação do verbo to buy (comprar) no passado contínuo
na tabela abaixo:
1. Forma Afirmativa.
Formas sem Contração Tradução
I was buying
You were buying
He was buying
She was buying
It was buying
We were buying
You were buying
They were buying
Eu estava comprando
Você estava comprando
Ele estava comprando
Ela estava comprando
Ele/ela estava comprando
Nós estávamos comprando
Vocês estavam comprando
Eles/elas estavam comprando
2. Forma Negativa.
Formas sem Contração Forma Contraída Tradução
I was not buying
You were not buying
He was not buying
She was not buying
It was not buying
We were not buying
You were not buying
They were not buying
I wasn’t buying
You weren’t buying
He wasn’t buying
She wasn’t buying
It wasn’t buying
We weren’t buying
You weren’t buying
They weren’t buying
Eu não estava comprando
Você não estava comprando
Ele não estava comprando
Ela não estava comprando
Ele/ela não estava comprando
Nós não estávamos comprando
Vocês não estavam comprando
Eles/elas não estavam comprando
3. Forma Interrogativa.
Formas sem Contração Forma Contraída Tradução
Was I buying?
Were You buying?
Was He buying?
Was She buying?
Was It buying?
Were We buying?
Were You buying?
Were They buying?
(Não se faz a contração)
Eu estava comprando?
Você estava comprando?
Ele estava comprando?
Ela estava comprando?
Ele/ela estava comprando?
Nós estávamos comprando?
Vocês estavam comprando?
Eles/elas estavam comprando?

Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o passado contínuo dos verbos entre
parênteses.
a- The children _______________ in the yard this morning. (to run)
b- We _______________ dinner at 8 o’ clock last night. (to have)
c- I _______________ hard in my house yesterday morning. (to
work)
d- They _______________ at the shopping windows at lunchtime
yesterday. (to look)
2) Una as frases com a palavra while.
a- Dad was shaving/Mom was taking a shower.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- I was climbing a mountain/Peter and Fred were fishing.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nancy was cooking/We were setting the table.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- You were ironing/Mary was preparing lunch.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Passe as frases para a forma negativa.
a- Mr. Harrison was smoking.
____________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________
b- Mark and David were looking for a job.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- It was raining last Sunday afternoon.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 5
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs?
Many times when eggs are boiled, you can observe a greenish color around the
yolk. Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly, that boiling
needs to be carefully timed, in order to prevent this discoloration. After boiling,
the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process. What is the
green color that may result when these precautions are not taken? Iron, in the
form iron (II) ions, reacts with sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide:
Fe2+
+ S2-
= FeS
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
São verbos que atribuem uma forma ou aspecto à ação do verbo principal. Eles
possuem as seguintes características:
 Não são precedidos pela partícula to (de infinitivo) nem seguidos por ela,
com exceção de ought to.
 Nas formas interrogativas e negativas não são auxiliados por
do/does/did.
 Nas 3as pessoas do singular (he, she, it), no presente, não recebem s.
 Não são conjugados no futuro com will e não são usados nos tempos
contínuos.
Os verbos modais são:
Can, may, must should.
Observe o quadro abaixo:
Verbo Sinônimo Tradução Significado Tempo
Passado
Can
To be able to Poder, Conseguir,
Saber
Capacidade Física,
Habilidade,
Possibilidade,
Permissão (informal)
Could
Examples: We can swim well.
She can speak English.
It can be dangerous.
Can I help you?
He could drive at night some time ago.
May
To be possible Poder Possibilidade,
Permissão (formal)
Might

Examples: May I help you?
The weather may change.
He asked if he might come in.
Must
To have (to) Ter,
Precisar,
Dever
Obrigação,
Necessidade,
Dedução
Had (to)
Examples: You must pay taxes. We must eat to live.
She must be happy.
Should
Ought to Dever Obrigação Moral, Conselho.
Examples: They should eat less.
We should respect the others.
Verbo Forma Negativa
Can Cannot, can’t
Could Could not, couldn’t
May May not, mayn’t
Might Might not, mightn’t
Must Must not, mustn’t
Should Should not, shouldn’t
Ought to Ought not, oughtn’t
Exercises
1) Preencha os espaços em branco com can ou may.
a- He is very competent. He ______ do whatever you ask him in his
job.
b- How ______ I get to the station, please?
c- The train ______ arrived any moment.
d- ______ you play the keyboard?
e- We ______ find a restaurant near here, but it is not probable.
f- I’m not sure, but he ______ help us.
2) Use could ou might.
a- I’m not sure, but he ________ ask you a question.
b- How ________ we know that she was pregnant?
c- He’s afraid you ________ be wrong, Your Excellency.
d- I would change the world if I could ________.
e- He ________ leave today, but the chances are very few.
3) Complete as sentenças usando must ou should.
a- The doctor advised me that I ________ reduce my working hours.
b- I have something to tell her, but I don’t know if I ________ or not.

c- What a beautiful house! It ________ belong to a very rich person.
d- ________ I take the left or ________ I take the right road, please?
e- I haven’t seen her for ages. She ________ be very pretty.
CHAPTER 6
Give a kid a hand
The first five years of a child’s life are critical, the experts tell us. That’s when
their characters are formed. That’s when caring counts. Someone to show them
how to do things. Someone just to hold them.
Unfortunately, for many of the world’s children, that’s just what they don’t get.
And society suffers as a result – because a deprived child has a lot less chance
of growing up an adjusted adult. Some of us believe we can change things – or
at least try. And we need your help. No, don’t reach for your pocket. It’s not your
money – it’s YOU we want. In your community there are dozens of ways you
can make personal contact with kids and make a different in their lives. Maybe
you’ll help one to read, to play a game, to learn to laugh. Maybe you’ll just be
the hand that holds out a little hope…
COME ON – HELP US GIVE A KID A HAND
IAA – INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION
Source: Newsweek
1) Look at the title, subtitle and logo. Complete with the information.
a- Text type (in Portuguese).
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Publish in (source).
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Advertiser.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) The title “Give a kid a hand” invites the reader.
a- To help a child.

b- To take a child for a walk.
c- To donate organs.
GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS
Na língua inglesa, temos dois tipos de substantivos, os contáveis e os
incontáveis De modo geral, apresentam características bem diferentes no que
diz respeito a sua estrutura, sendo assim, é possível caracterizá-los da
seguinte forma:
Contáveis - substantivos que podem ser quantificados, e ocorrem tanto no
singular como no plural. No singular são precedidos pelo artigo indefinido a/an
(um/uma).
Exemplos:
An ice-cream (um sorvete)
A truck (um caminhão)
A car (um carro)
A banana (uma banana)
An orange (uma laranja)
Incontáveis – substantivos abstratos que não podem ser quantificados e
substantivos concretos que designam matérias e substâncias em sentido geral.
Estes substantivos não ocorrem no plural, e não são precedidos por artigo
indefinido (a/an), ou numerais (one, two, etc).
Exemplos:
Love (Amor)
Happiness (Felicidade)
Freedom (Liberdade)
Milk (Leite)
Expressões comuns:
How much....? (quanto)
Too much (demais)
So much (tanto)
Very much (muito)
Usados com substantivos não
contáveis

Little (pouco)
Few (pouco)
How many...? (quantos)
Many (muito)
Too many (demais)
So many (tantos)
Usados com substantivos contáveis
Exemplos:
We don’t have much work around here. (Nós não temos muito trabalho por
aqui.)
There aren’t many jobs. ( Não existem muitos empregos.)
There is a little investment and there are very few opportunities. (Existe pouco
investimento e muito poucas oportunidades).
Dicas:
1. Some e any são determinantes. Nós os usamos antes de substantivos
no plural ou incontáveis.
Would you like some ice cream? (Você gostaria de um sorvete?)
Would you like some of this ice-cream? (Você gostaria de um pouco deste
sorvete?)
2. Some e any possuem o mesmo significado dos artigos indefinidos a/an.
Eles se referem a uma quantidade ou a um número indefinido. Compare:
Have you got an aspirin? (substantivo singular contável) Você tem uma
aspirina?
Have you got any aspirins? (substantivo plural contável) Você tem aspirinas?
I need some medicine. (substantivo incontável) Eu preciso de medicação.
3. Usualmente usa-se some em frases afirmativas e any em negativas e
perguntas. Compare:
I want some pencils. (Eu preciso de alguns lápis.)
Have you got any pencils? (Você não tem nenhum lápis?)
4. Usa-se some em perguntas se a resposta desejada e/ou esperada for
positiva. Por exemplo, em oferecimentos ou pedidos:
Would you like some more water? (Você gostaria de um pouco mais de água?)

Exercises
1) Complete with much or many.
a- ______________ are the families that are poor.
b- I don’t eat _______________ bread during the day.
c- Are there _______________ students in your classroom?
d- I heard ______________ news about the war.
e- My father doesn’t have ________________ hair. He’s half bald.
2) Complete the sentences with the correct word in parentheses.
a- We received _________________________ (many – a great deal of)
information about the subject.
b- Passengers were not carrying _________________ (a large number of –
lots of) luggage.
c- I’m sorry, but I don’t have ____________________ (plenty – much) to
say.
d- A doctor has _________________ (lots of – many) knowledge.
e- __________________ (Many – A great deal of) children live in poverty.
3) Choose few or little.
a- There are ____________ buses after midnight.
b- Do you want much or ____________ olive oil in your salad?
c- I have ____________ arguments to discuss about it.
d- All of us tried but _____________ succeeded.
e- The actors had ____________ time to rehearse the play.
CHAPTER 7
Air, water, sand or snow? If you had 3 days off and money to spend, what sport
would you choose?
Snowboarding was invented in 1963 in the USA and becomes more popular
every year. Jumps are the most exciting part of snowboarding.
They also result in the most injuries – concussions and fractures.
The injuries can be very serious, causing long-term physical disability. Learning
how to fall properly is fundamental.
Sand boarding originated in Florianopolis, Brazil, in 1986.

It is an activity similar to snowboarding and tends to be most present in desert
or coastal areas with sand dunes. It is less popular than snowboarding, maybe
because participants must walk back to the top of the hill after every run. One of
the best sport’s best-known descents is the Genipabu Dune, in Rio Grande do
Norte.
Surfing
Itacaré is a good place for surfing in Bahia. The most famous sport is Tiririca
Beach. The most experienced surfers say that the best times in the city are
during fall and winter, when the waves go up higher and the place becomes a
meeting point for surfers from all over the country.
Paddling is the most important part of learning to surf. If you can’t paddle, you
won’t catch any waves.
1) Find the names of four places in Brazil.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Find the names of two sports that include the word board.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Find the equivalent sentences in the text.
a- Aprender a cair direito é fundamental (texto 1).
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Voltar andando para cima do morro (texto 2).
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Se você não remar, não vai pegar ondas (texto 3).
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

Para fazermos comparações na língua inglesa, a primeira coisa que temos que
observar é o “tamanho” dos adjetivos em questão, se são “longos” ou “curtos”.
Não existe uma regra para sabermos tal classificação; geralmente falamos que
um adjetivo é curto quando possui duas sílabas, no máximo.
Adjetivos Curtos
- Comparativo
Colocamos o sufixo –er no adjetivo.
Exemplos: Mary is older than Lucy. = Mary é mais velha que Lucy.
He is younger than Bill. = Ele é mais jovem que Bill.
- Superlativo
Colocamos o sufixo –est no adjetivo.
Exemplos: Yoko is the tallest girl here. = Yoko é a mais alta garota aqui.
Peter is the oldest student. = Pedro é o estudante mais velho.
Obs.: No caso dos adjetivos “good” e “bad”, teremos formas particulares:
Comparativo Superlativo
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Adjetivos Longos
- Comparativo
Usamos a estrutura “more + adjetivo”.
Exemplos: My car is more expensive than your. = Meu carro é mais caro do que
o seu.
French is more difficult than English. = Francês é mais difícil do que Inglês.
- Superlativo
Usamos a estrutura “the most + adjetivo”.
Exemplos: Ferrari is the most expensive car. = Ferrari é o carro mais caro.
Suzana is the most intelligent girl. = Suzana é a garota mais inteligente.

Exercises
1) Complete the sentences. Use more… than or the most…
a- Brenda is ___________________________ (energetic) her brother.
b- Uranium is _________________________ (radioactive) radium.
c- You are _________________________ (nervous) person that I know.
d- Physics is _______________________ (complicated) subject that I
study.
e- In my opinion, cars are ___________________ (comfortable) buses.
2) Use less… than or the least…
a- Douglas is _______________________ (popular) Charles.
b- A bicycle is ______________________ (expensive) a car.
c- Harold is ________________________ (intelligent) boy in my class.
d- This is __________________________ (important) aspect of the
problem.
e- You are sitting on _______________________ (comfortable) chair in the
room.
3) Complete the sentences with as…as and the words given.
a- The red blouse is (cheap/skirt) ___________________________.
b- I am (hungry/the children) _____________________________.
c- Grace is (beautiful/Sally) _____________________________.
d- Your apartment is (big my house) _____________________________.
e- Aren’t you going to help me? I am (tired/you)
__________________________.
CHAPTER 8
James & Jane’s Restaurant
The best cuisine in town!

Sunday’s Menu – 10% for services added to your bill.
SOUP
Onion soup (with bread &
cheese)………….. $3.50
SALAD
Tomato & Lettuce…………………….
$2.00
Mixed salad (onion, olive, radish,
cauliflower, cucumber,
Watercress, red pepper &
lemon)…………………………..$3.50
BEEF
Rump steak (with fried potatoes, rice &
eggs)……………..$10.00
Roast beef (with beans, rice & eggs)
………………………$10.00
Mixed barbecue – rare or well-done (with
rice & fried potatoes)……………$12.50
SEA FOOD
Shrimp (with Greek
rice)…………………$14.50
Lobster (with rice &
sauce)………………$30.00
Codfish (with rice, potatoes and lemon
halves)…………………..$25.00
POULTRY
Grilled duck (with broccoli &
spinach)………………….$6.00
Crispy chicken (with rice, fried
potatoes & sauce)……....$5.50
PASTA
Eggplant or Calabrian
pizza………………….$5.00
Spaghetti (with cheese & tomato
sauce)..............................$6.00
DESSERT
Pudding (several
flavors)…………………….$1.50
Apple tart……………………..$2.00
BEVERAGE
Wine (bottle)…………………..$8.00
Whisky………………………...$3.00
Mineral water………………….$0.50
Juices (melon, passion, fruit, peach,
grape)…………………..$1.00
Beer……………………$1.50
Liqueur………………...$3.00
Coffee………………….$1.00
1) O estabelecimento a que o texto se refere pertence à/a/ao.
a- Jane.
b- James e à Jane.
c- Uma rede de restaurantes.
d- Uma pessoa chamada James Jane’s.
e- James.
2) A palavra menu empregada no texto é um empréstimo da língua
francesa usado em inglês.Esta palavra também pode ser
encontrada em.
a- Teclados de computador.
b- Painéis de carros.
c- Bulas de remédio.
d- Teclas de TV ao se acionar determinada tecla.
e- Receitas médicas.

3) O fragmento “10% for services added to your bill” certamente
corresponde, em inglês, a.
a- Seasoning.
b- Bribery.
c- Fine.
d- Tax.
e- Tip.
GRAMMAR
GENITIVE CASE
O Caso Genitivo (ou Possessivo) por meio do uso de um apóstrofo (') seguido
ou não de s é típico da Língua Inglesa. É usado basicamente para mostrar que
algo pertence ou está associado a alguém ou a algum elemento. O 's vem após
o nome do possuidor, que precederá sempre a coisa pertencente. Veja:
The name of the boy is Joseph. = the boy's name is Joseph. (boy = possuidor e
name = pertencente) (O nome do garoto é Joseph.)
The invaders of the country influenced the language = The country's invaders
influenced the language.
(country = possuidor e invaders = pertencente) (Os invasores do país
influenciaram a língua.)
The diary of Bridget Jones = Bridget Jones's diary (Bridget Jones = possuidor e
diary = pertencente) (O diário de Bridget Jones.)
Usos do caso genitivo - Uses of the genitive case:
Situação de uso e orientação Exemplos
1) A forma com 's é somente usada
quando o possuidor é um ser
animado, o que abrange: pessoas e
animais, além de nomes próprios,
parentes em todos os graus, títulos,
cargos, funções, profissões, e outros
substantivos que só podem se referir
a pessoas: criança, menino(a),
amigo(a), vizinho(a), colega de escola
ou trabalho, etc:
The Queen's popularity (a
popularidade da rainha) - E não "The
popularity of the Queen"
The governor's daughter (a filha do
governador)
My neighbor's house (a casa do meu
vizinho)
The children's toys (os brinquedos das
crianças)
The elephant's trunk (a tromba do
elefante)
2) Não podem levar 's os seres
inanimados (coisas, lugares e
substantivos abstratos); nesses casos
normalmente se usa a estrutura
substantivo + of + substantivo ou um
The walls of my house need a new
painting. (As paredes da minha casa
estão precisando de uma nova
pintura.) - house = coisa
The roof of my house, however, was

substantivo composto. fixed one month ago. (O teto da minha
casa, no entanto, foi consertado há
um mês.) - house = coisa
The door of the car ou the car door (a
porta do carro) - car = coisa
The leg of the table ou the table leg (o
pé da mesa) - table = coisa
Madrid is the Capital of Spain. (Madri
é capital da Espanha) - Spain =
lugar/país
Do you know the cause of the
problem? (Você sabe a causa do
problema?) - problem = substantivo
abstrato
3) No entanto, há algumas exceções
para a aplicação de 's em seres
inanimados. É o caso de tempo,
medidas, lugares com nomes de
pessoas, países, corpos celestes, a
Terra, o mundo, nomes que
representam um grupo de pessoas
(company, team, government, etc.),
pessoas jurídicas e similares. Assim,
pode-se dizer:
a day's work (um trabalho de um dia) -
day= tempo
a two weeks' vacation (férias de duas
semanas) - two weeks = tempo
in a year's time (em um ano) - um ano
= tempo
St. Peter's Cathedral (Catedral de São
Pedro) - Peter = nome de pessoa
The moon's surface (a superfície
lunar)
The Earth's atmosphere (a atmosfera
da Terra)
Saturn's rings (os anéis de saturno)
a Kilo's weight of sugar (um kilo de
açúcar) - medida de massa
two hundred meters' walk (uma
caminhada de duzentos metros) -
medida de distância
the world's highest mountains (as
montanhas mais altas do mundo)
Brazil's foreingn debt (a dívida externa
brasileira)
The company's staff (o quadro de
funcionários da empresa)
The Army's traditions (as tradições do
Exército)
4) Substantivos comuns que terminam
em -s ou cujo plural seja com -s:
acrescenta-se apenas ' (apóstrofo).
The princess' title (o título da
princesa)
The workers' tools (as ferramentas
dos trabalhadores)
The soldiers' victory (a vitória dos
soldados)
The girls' uniforms (os uniformes das

garotas)
5) Substantivos cujo plural não
termina em -s: acrescenta-se 's
The children's imagination (a
imaginação das crianças)
women's toilet (banheiro feminino)
The mice's nest (o ninho de
camundongos)
6) Nomes próprios ou sobrenomes
terminados em -s: acrescenta-se 's ou
apenas '.
Mr Jones' house ou Mr Jones's house
(a casa do sr. Jones)
Mrs Williams' children ou Mrs
Williams's children
(os filhos da sra. Williams)
Myriah Cummings' letters ou Myriah
Cummings's letters
(as cartas de Myriah Cummings)
- Charles, Dennis, Francis, Lurdes,
Marcos, Thomas,
etc.
7) Com nomes próprios
reconhecidamente históricos,
clássicos ou bíblicos terminados em -
s: é mais comum a estrura
substantivo + of + substantivo, mas
também pode ser usado o apóstrofo '.
The teachings of Jesus ou Jesus'
teachings (os
ensinamentos de Jesus)
The laws of Moses ou Moses'
laws (as leis
de Moisés)
The Book of Jeremias ou Jeremias'
Book (o Livro de
Jeremias)
(Euripedes, Archimedes, Hercules,
Brahms, Getúlio Vargas, Villa-Lobos,
Tiradentes, etc.)
8) Quando há mais de um núcleo
possuidor de algo em comum:
acrescenta-se 's apenas ao último dos
núcleos.
Charles and Diana's wedding (O
casamento de Charles e Diana) - um
casamento de duas pessoas.
Sally and Susan's car (o carro de
Sally e de Susan) - um carro só
pertencente às duas.
9) Quando há mais de um núcleo
possuidor de coisas diferentes: todos
os núcleos recebem 's.
men's and women's clothes (roupas
de homens e roupas de mulheres)
Bob's and Jane's parents (os pais de
Bob ≠ os pais de Jane)
Nicole's and Janna's voices (a voz de
Nicole ≠ a voz de Janna).

Exercises
1) Use o caso genitivo:
a- Farm – Mr. Newman.
_______________________________________________________________
b- Friend – Catherine.
_______________________________________________________________
c- Dog – The boy.
_______________________________________________________________
2) Faça frases usando o caso genitivo:
f- Toys – The children
_______________________________ are on the floor.
b- Dress – Barbara
_________________________________ is White and yellow.
c- Pants – Chris
______________________________ are on the bed.
d- Apartment – Mr. And Mrs. Patton
_______________________________ is in New York.
CHAPTER 9
Linda Thompson and Julie Parker study at the same university. They are
coming back home after a hard day of study.
Linda – You aren’t tired, are you Julie?
Julie – No, I’m not. Why Linda?
Linda – I’m going to the shopping center this evening. You are going with me,
aren’t you?
Julie – Of course I am. I need to buy some books. What about Cynthia, you
asked her to come with us, didn’t you?

Linda – Yes, she’ll meet us there.
Julie – She won’t be late, will she?
Linda – Well, she said she’ll be there by 8 o’clock. After shopping, we can have
dinner at a Chinese restaurant, can’t we?
Julie – That’s great! And after that we can go to the movies. There is a good film
on at the “Court Cinema”. They say it’s excellent!
Linda – Yes, it was nominated for the “Oscar”, wasn’t it?
Julie – Yes, it is.
Linda – This film takes 3 hours, doesn’t it?
Julie – Yes, it does. Let’s see it next week then.
Linda – Ok, Julie.
GRAMMAR
TAG QUESTIONS
É uma pequena pergunta feita após uma frase com a intenção de confirmar a
declaração expressa por ela.
Quando a frase for afirmativa, a “question tag” será negativa e vice-versa.
Para se formar a “question tag”, ela deverá estar sempre no mesmo tempo
verbal da frase anterior. Ela é formada por dois termos: o auxiliar
correspondente ao tempo do verbo principal e o pronome correspondente ao
sujeito da frase à qual se refere. Se o sujeito for um nome, deverá ser
substituído por um pronome do caso reto.
Importante:
Quando o verbo for o verbo to be (ser, estar) no presente simples e o sujeito for
a 1ª pessoa do singular (I) devemos observar a alteração que acontece na
forma negativa da question tag. Veja:
I am not a geologist, am I?
I am a physicist, aren’t I?
Exercises
Complete com a question tag adequada.
1. The game begins at 8, __________?
2. He speaks to himself, __________?
3. Claudia will feed the pigeons, __________?

4. Ted broke his arm, __________?
5. They didn’t write me a letter, __________?
6. The traffic was heavy this morning, __________?
7. Tony made some mistakes, __________?
8. You aren’t at home, __________?
9. The wood is burning, __________?
10.They flew to Africa, __________?
11.He doesn’t take a bus to work, __________?
12.There is a park near here, __________?
13.George wasn’t angry, __________?
14.You can swim well, __________?
CHAPTER 10
Morris Kraft is a respectable lawyer in Middle ford city. He works downtown at
the Federal High Court. He works hard all day long in his office, sometimes
overtime, but he likes to rest and relax in his cottage in Newcastle.
He’ll drive there with his wife for the weekend. First he’ll clean the car because
it’s very dirty. Then he’ll check the tyres.
Mrs. Kraft – Will you fill up the radiator, dear?
Mr. Kraft – Yes, I will.
Mrs. Kraft – Will you put water into the battery, too?
Mr. Kraft – Yes, dear. I will put water into the battery.
Mrs. Kraft – Will we have time for lunch, dear?
Mr. Kraft – Yes, we will, but we won’t have time for dessert.
Mrs. Kraft – What time do you think we’ll get there?
Mr. Kraft – I think we’ll get there nearly 5 o’clock p.m.
Mrs. Kraft – Oh, that’s great. We’ll have time for a dive in the swimming-pool,
then!
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE
O futuro simples é usado para expressar ações que irão acontecer. Ele é
formado pelo auxiliar WILL seguido do verbo principal no infinitivo sem to.

O auxiliar WILL é usado para todos os pronomes pessoais assim como o verbo
principal. Portanto sua conjugação será sempre igual para todas as pessoas.
Vejamos a conjugação do verbo to go nas formas afirmativa, negativa e
interrogativa:
1. Forma Afirmativa
Formas sem
contração
Forma
contraída
Tradução
I will go
You will go
He will go
She will go
It will go
We will go
You will go
They will go
I’ll go
You’ll go
He’ll go
She’ll go
It’ll go
We’ll go
You’ll go
They’ll go
Eu irei
Você irá
Ele irá
Ela irá
Ele/ela irá
Nós iremos
Vocês irão
Eles/elas irão
2. Forma Negativa
I will not go
You will not go
He will not go
She will not go
It will not go
We will not go
You will not go
They will not go
I won’t go
You won’t go
He won’t go
She won’t go
It won’t go
We won’t go
You won’t go
They won’t go
Eu não irei
Você não irá
Ele não irá
Ela não irá
Ele/ela não irá
Nós não iremos
Vocês não irão
Eles/elas não irão
Will I go?
Will you go?
Will he go?
Will she go?
Will it go?
Will we go?
Will you go?
Will they go?
Eu irei?
Você irá?
Ele irá?
Ela irá?
Ele/ela irá?
Nós iremos?
Vocês irão?
Eles/elas irão?
Exercises
1) Complete as frases com o futuro dos verbos entre parênteses. Use a
forma por extenso.
a- They ________________ (to climb) that mountain.
b- He ________________ (to check) the tyres before the trip.
c- You ________________ (to fill up) the radiator.

d- It ________________ (to rain) tomorrow.
2) Escreva as frases na forma abreviada.
a- She will make a test tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________________
b- We will stay in Sao Paulo.
_______________________________________________________________
c- They will visit the White house.
_______________________________________________________________
d- He will find the way to the bus station.
_______________________________________________________________
3) Escreva as frases na forma negativa por extenso e abreviada.
a-The referee will write the player’s name on his book.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Mr. Hopkins will come for dinner.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The boss will talk to the workers.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- We’ll go home for the weekend.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4) Passe as frases na forma interrogativa.
a- I’ll have dinner with Mike tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________________
b- It will snow next month.

_______________________________________________________________
c- Our teacher will begin a new lesson.
_______________________________________________________________
d- You’ll take the train at 5 o’clock.
_______________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 11
Thanks God, it’s Sunday! I am going to the beach with some friends. We are
going to play volleyball and then we are going to swim. My girlfriend Derek is
going to stay on the sand under the sunshade. At midday we are going to have
lunch in a sea food restaurant near the beach. We are going to come back
home. It’s going to be a wonderful day!
GRAMMAR
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Para traçar planos aos quais temos a certeza de que iremos realizá-lo ou nos
referimos a uma ação de intenção utilizamos o futuro com a estrutura GOING
TO. Ex:
Tonight I’m going to study for tomorrow’s test.
Essa estrutura é usada também para expressar uma ação que irá ou poderá
acontecer em um futuro imediato. Ex:
Look at those dark clouds. I think it is going to rain.
Também usamos GOING TO para advertir sobre uma situação perigosa. Ex:
Be careful! You’re going to break the glasses.
Estrutura do futuro imediato
1. Forma Afirmativa
SUJEITO + IS/ARE + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL
We are going to spend our vacation in England
2. Forma Negativa
SUJEITO + IS/ARE + NOT + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL
We are not going to spend our vacation in England
IS/ARE + SUJEITO + GOING + INFINITIVO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL
Are you going to spend your vacation in England?

Exercises
1) Faça frases no futuro imediato.
a- Nick – study in the library.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- You – write a love letter.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The child – eat an apple.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- They – get up early tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Assinale a resposta correta.
2- Miss Wilson ______ travel to Europe.
a- are going to b- is going
c- is going to d- am going to
3- My sister and I ______ visit NASA next week.
a- am going b- are going to
c- is going to d- am going to

CHAPTER 12
Technology
In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and
technology.
With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth. He lives in the
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world. He can live on
the little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert.
Man has built modern bridges, dams, power stations and has dominated some
forces of nature such as the water of rivers, lakes and seas.
Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his
life on the Earth.
Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the
universe.
Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources
of medicine.
But there are so many things to do in the future!
 Man hasn’t found the cure for cancer yet.
 Man hasn’t finished with the wars.
 Man hasn’t solved the problem of hunger and many other social
problems.
 Man hasn’t learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet.
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
O presente perfeito se estrutura da seguinte maneira:
Sujeito + verbo have/has + particípio passado do verbo principal
Vejamos agora a conjugação to verbo to walk nas formas afirmativa, negativa e
interrogativa.
1. Forma Afirmativa
I have walked
You have walked
He has walked
I’ve walked
You’ve walked
He’s walked
Eu ando, tenho andado
Você anda, tem andado
Ele anda, tem andado

She has walked
It has walked
We have walked
You have walked
They have walked
She’s walked
It’s walked
We’ve walked
You’ve walked
They’ve walked
Ela anda, tem andado
Ele/ela anda, tem andado
Nós andamos, temos andado
Vocês andam, tem andado
Eles/elas andam, tem andado
2. Forma Negativa
I have not walked
You have not walked
He has not walked
She has not walked
It has not walked
We have not walked
You have not walked
They have not walked
I haven’t walked
You haven’t walked
He hasn’t walked
She hasn’t walked
It hasn’t walked
We haven’t walked
You haven’t walked
They haven’t walked
Eu não ando, não tenho andado
Você não anda, não tem andado
Ele não anda, não tem andado
Ela não anda, não tem andado
Ele/ela não anda, não tem andado
Nós não andamos, não temos andado
Vocês não andam, não tem andado
Eles/elas não andam, não tem andado
Have I walked?
Have you walked?
Has he walked?
Has she walked?
Has it walked?
Have we walked?
Have you walked?
Have they walked?
Eu ando, tenho andado?
Você anda, tem andado?
Ele anda, tem andado?
Ela anda, tem andado?
Ele/ela anda, tem andado?
Nós andamos, temos andado?
Vocês andam, tem andado?
Eles/elas andam, tem andado?
Usa-se o presente perfeito:
1. Quando uma ação ocorre no passado, porém sem que determinemos
o início ou o fim dela. (tempo indefinido). Exemplo:
I have studied my lessons.
(eu estudo, tenho estudado minhas lições)
Se determinarmos o tempo em que se realiza a ação no passado, empregamos
o passado simples. (tempo definido). Exemplo:
I studied my lesson yesterday.
(eu estudei minha lição ontem)

2. Quando a ação que começou no passado continua ainda a ser feita
até o presente momento. Exemplo:
I have worked here since 1970.
(eu trabalho, tenho trabalhado aqui desde 1970)
3. Quando a ação se repete várias vezes no passado. Exemplo:
I have seen that film many times. (Eu vi, tenho visto aquele filme muitas vezes)
4. Para indicar uma ação que acabou de ser feita. Exemplo:
He has just arrived.
(ele acabou de chegar)
Advérbios usados com o presente perfeito:
Advérbio Tradução Observações
Always Sempre Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example: The answers have always been the same.
As respostas têm sido sempre as mesmas.
Never Nunca Geralmente posicionado entre o verbo to have e o principal
Example: We have never had Latin classes.
(Nós) Nunca tivemos aulas de latim.
Ever Já, alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas e posicionado entre o verbo to have e o
principal.
Example: Have you ever studied Latin?
Você já estudou latim?
Already Já Indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se está falando, posicionamento
entre o verbo to have e o principal ou no final da frase.
Examples: We have already heard this song.
(Nós) Já ouvimos esta canção.
I have had lunch already.
Eu já almocei.
Yet Já Usado em orações interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa,
geralmente é posicionado no final da oração.
Example: Have you eaten all your dessert yet?
Você já comeu toda a sua sobremesa?
Yet Ainda Usado no final de orações negativas
Example: The train hasn’t arrived yet.
O trem não chegou ainda.
Just Muito
recentemente
Expressa uma ação que acabou de acontecer. Geralmente posicionado entre
o verbo auxiliar e o principal.
Example: She’s just lost her last chance.
Ela acaba, acabou de perder sua última chance.
Lately Ultimamente Geralmente posicionado no final da oração.
Example: I haven’t gone to the theater lately.
Eu não tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente.
Recently Recentemente Geralmente posicionado no final da oração.
Example: He has changed his job recently.
Ele mudou de emprego recentemente.

Preposições e expressões de tempo usadas com o presente perfeito:
Preposição, Expressão Tradução
For Durante, por
Example: I have worked as a nurse for ten years.
Eu tenho trabalhado, trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos.
Since Desde
Example: I have lived here since 1988.
Eu tenho morado, moro aqui desde 1988.
So far, up to now Até agora
Example: Up to now, So far they haven’t told me the truth.
Até agora eles não me contaram a verdade.
Observações:
Have got, has got
Para indicar posse, podemos usar as formas have got, has got em vez de have,
has no presente simples.
Have got = have
Has got = has
Examples: He has got some problems = He has some problems.
Ele tem alguns problemas.
What disease has he got? = What disease does he have?
Que doença ele tem?
Been (to) x gone (to)
Usa-se been (to) para indicar que alguém foi e já voltou de algum lugar.
Example: Where have you been? I have been to the park.
Onde você esteve? Estive no parque.
Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou alguém foi embora para ficar uma
temporária ou definitivamente.
Example: My love has gone and I’m alone.
Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho.
Exercises
Escolha a forma verbal que preencha corretamente a frase:
1. I __________ here for a week.
( ) was ( ) have been
2. My teacher __________ sick for two days.
( ) has been ( ) was
3. I __________ studying English since January.
( ) have been ( ) studied

4. We ___________ in that firm since 1965.
( ) worked ( ) have worked
5. My son __________ anything since Tuesday.
( ) didn’t eat ( ) hasn’t eaten.
6. They _____ just _____.
( ) have studied ( ) arrived
7. Mary _____ just _____ out.
( ) went ( ) has gone
8. I _____ just _____ my book.
( ) opened ( ) have opened
9. She _____ already _____ the bill.
( ) has paid ( ) paid
10.They _____ already _____ their homework.
( ) finished ( ) have finished
CHAPTER 13
Happiness is a fruit that never gets ripe
She has been living in that old ten-roomed house for about fifty years. She was
just thirteen when she moved to that place. What have you been eating? Indeed
both she and the house have been getting old together. He was a one-armed
boy.
The lonely old woman was once a pink-cheeked young lady. She found
amusement in wandering through the woods nearby. She liked to pick up
pebbles and hide them in a grass-covered hut close to the willow trees. My
father was a blond-haired man.
Now the candle of her life has been burning down. She sometimes looks
through the painted-glass window and sighs in a sad way. The same old woods
still remains over there, down the road. And she thinks to herself, “Oh, life is a
short dream”.
GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Este tempo verbal é usado para enfatizar a ação que começou no passado e
tem continuidade até o presente momento. Exemplos:

How long have you been studying English?
I’ve been studying English for two years.
I have been studying English since last year.
How long have you been reading this book?
I have been reading this book for one year.
I’ve been reading this book since Saturday.
How long have you been driving?
I have been driving since I was a child.
I’ve been driving since October.
How long has it been raining?
It has been raining for five hours.
It’s been raining for one hour.
For + período de tempo= nós usamos para quando nós dissermos um período
de tempo.
Since + data específica= nós dizemos o início do período.
I’VE BEEN WAITING
FOR SINCE
Two hours 8 o’clock
20 minutes Monday
Five days 12 may
Six months April
A week 1977
50 years Christmas
A long time Lunch time
Ages Last week
Exercises
1) Faça questões usando how long e o presente perfeito contínuo.
a- Gary repairs computers.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

b- They paint pictures.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- The maids are cleaning the windows.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- She swims in the river.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
e- It is snowing.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Passe as frases para o inglês usando o presente perfeito
contínuo.
a- Eu estou tentando conversar com ela.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b- Onde vocês estão almoçando ultimamente?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c- Nós não estamos assistindo televisão desde o mês passado.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d- Há quanto tempo ela está nos esperando?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3) Complete as sentenças usando o presente perfeito contínuo ou o
presente contínuo.
a- She ______________ (to sleep) now.
b- She ______________ (to sleep) a lot lately.
c- To whom _______ you _______ (to talk) now, Jane?
d- How many cigarettes _______ you _______ (to smoke)?
e- Can you please call back later? My husband ______________ (to have)
dinner now.

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