A Tradução na Era da Economia Verde Marsel de Souza Mesclando uma perspectiva histórica a uma perspectiva linguística, esta palestra abordará o surgimento e a evolução do conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável até chegar à recentíssima noção de “Economia Verde”, ressaltando a crescente indissociabilidade entre as dimensões ambiental, econômica e social, que são consideradas os três pilares da sustentabilidade. A apresentação fará, também, uma importante distinção entre as noções de “Economia Verde” e “Nova Economia”. Será discutida a problemática da “maquiagem verde” e o que isso representa para o nosso ofício. A palestra tem os seguintes objetivos: examinar vários conceitos da área de meio ambiente e sustentabilidade (alguns dos quais recém-criados), inclusive fazendo uma análise contrastiva de algumas definições de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e de Economia Verde; identificar o potencial de demanda dos mercados de tradução e interpretação que a temática do meio ambiente/sustentabilidade vem gerando no país, sobretudo considerando a posição de liderança e destaque do Brasil em diversas frentes nesse domínio; examinar a interconexão entre os aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais dos temas. Nesse contexto de multidisciplinaridade e tendo em vista a crescente importância desses conceitos em escala mundial, a palestra terá, também, o objetivo de responder às seguintes perguntas: Que passos deve dar o tradutor ou intérprete que deseje se especializar em áreas de meio ambiente/sustentabilidade? O que os linguistas especializados em outras áreas precisam saber sobre essas questões? O palestrante oferecerá uma rica lista de fontes de pesquisa terminológica na Internet das áreas citadas, inclusive glossários e tratados internacionais multilíngues.

1. A Tradução na Era da Economia Verde
Marsel de Souza
IV Congresso Internacional de Tradução e Interpretação da Abrates, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31/05 - 02/06/2013

2. Visão geral
• Introdução
• Conceitos e definições
• Cenários da tradução “verde”
• Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa
• Perguntas

3. Terra vs. seres humanos
• Idade da Terra: 4.500.000.000 anos
• Humanos na Terra: ~ 250.000 anos
• Atividade industrial: ~ 250 anos
Em 4,5 bilhões de anos...
• Deriva continental
• Deslocamento das placas tectônicas
• Eras glaciais
• Reversão magnética dos pólos
• Bombardeio de cometas, asteróides e
meteoros
• Erupções solares
• Tempestades magnéticas
• Incêndios e inundações globais
• Raios cósmicos
• Terremotos e maremotos
• Erosões
• Vulcões
• Seres humanos

4. Passamos do Holoceno ao
Antropoceno?

5. Do Ambiente Humano à Economia Verde
1972
Estocolmo-72
1987
Relatório da ONU:
“Nosso
Futuro Comum”
1992/1997
Rio-92
Convenção de Mudança do Clima
Protocolo de Quioto
2009-2013
Definições de
“Economia Verde”
Rio+20

6. Estocolmo-72
Conferência da ONU
sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano
• Both aspects of man's environment, the natural and the
man-made, are essential to his well-being...
• The protection and improvement of the human
environment is a major issue...
• Through ignorance or indifference we can do massive
and irreversible harm to the earthly environment...

7. Estocolmo-72
Conferência da ONU
sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano
• To defend and improve the human environment for
present and future generations has become an imperative
goal for mankind – a goal to be pursued together with (...)
the established and fundamental goals of peace and of
worldwide economic and social development.

8. Estocolmo-72
Conferência da ONU sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano
Principle 5
The non-renewable resources of the earth must be employed in such a way as to
guard against the danger of their future exhaustion and to ensure that
benefits from such employment are shared by all mankind.
Principle 13
In order to achieve a more rational management of resources and thus to
improve the environment, States should adopt an integrated and
coordinated approach to their development planning...

9. Estocolmo-72
Conferência da ONU sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano
Principle 6
The discharge of toxic substances or of other substances and the release of heat,
in such quantities or concentrations as to exceed the capacity of the
environment to render them harmless, must be halted (...). The just struggle
of the peoples of ill countries against pollution should be supported.

10. 1987 – Brundtland Report: “Nosso Futuro Comum”
Sustainable development is development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

11. 1987 – Brundtland Report: “Nosso Futuro Comum”
The burning of fossil fuels puts into the atmosphere carbon dioxide, which is
causing gradual global warming. This 'greenhouse effect' may by early next
century have increased average global temperatures enough to shift
agricultural production areas, raise sea levels to flood coastal cities, and disrupt
national economies.

12. 1987 – Brundtland Report: “Nosso Futuro Comum”
• Energy efficiency
• Food Security
• Recycling
• Renewable/non renewable resources
• Resource efficiency
• Acidification
• Air and water pollution
• Climate change
• Deforestation
• Desertification
• Loss of species and genetic resources
• Ozone depletion
• Toxic wastes

13. Convenção da ONU sobre Mudança do Clima (Rio-92)
DEFINITIONS
“Climate change” means a change of climate which is attributed directly or
indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed
over comparable time periods.

14. Convenção da ONU sobre Mudança do Clima (Rio-92)
Recognizing that steps required to understand and address climate change will be
environmentally, socially and economically most effective if they are based on
relevant scientific, technical and economic considerations...

15. Convenção da ONU sobre Mudança do Clima (Rio-92)
1. All Parties, taking into account their
common but differentiated responsibilities, (...) shall:
(…)
(f) Take climate change considerations into account, to the extent feasible, in
their relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions,
and employ appropriate methods, (...) of projects or measures undertaken
by them to mitigate or adapt to climate change;

16. 1997 – Protocolo de Quioto
The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist
Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in
contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist
Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their
quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.

17. 1997 – Protocolo de Quioto
The Parties included in Annex I shall (...) ensure that their
aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the
greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts...
As Partes incluídas no Anexo I devem (...) assegurar que suas emissões antrópicas
agregadas, expressas em dióxido de carbono equivalente, dos gases de efeito
estufa listados no Anexo A não excedam suas quantidades atribuídas...

18. 2011 – Economia Verde – PNUMA
In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought
of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and
socially inclusive.
Practically speaking, a green economy is one whose growth
in income and employment is driven by public and
private investments that reduce carbon emissions and
pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and
prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

19. Economia Verde
Green Economy Coalition
An economy that provides a better quality of life for all within
the ecological limits of the planet.

20. Pré-Rio+20
Principles for a Green Economy
13. Redefine Well-being – GDP is an inadequate tool for
measuring social wellbeing and environmental integrity.
Many socially and environmentally damaging activities
enhance GDP – such as fossil fuel exploitation and
financial speculation. Human wellbeing and quality of
life, and environmental health should be the guiding
objectives of economic development.

21. Crescer Incluir Proteger

22. Rio+20 – “O Futuro que queremos”
We affirm that there are different approaches, visions, models and tools
available to each country (…) to achieve sustainable development in its three
dimensions (…). In this regard, we consider green economy in the context
of sustainable development and poverty eradication as one of the
important tools available for achieving sustainable development and that it
could provide options for policymaking but should not be a rigid set of rules.
We emphasize that it should contribute to eradicating poverty as well as
sustained economic growth, enhancing social inclusion, improving human
welfare and creating opportunities for employment and decent work for
all, while maintaining the healthy functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems.

23. Economia Verde – Green Economy Group
The green economy is defined as a sustainable economy
and society with zero carbon emissions (…).
A green economy rigorously applies the triple bottom line
of people, planet and profits (…).
In contrast to a green economy, a traditional “black” energy
economy is based on carbon-intensive fossil fuels such as
coal and petroleum. By definition, a low-carbon economy
is distinct from a green economy because it still
generates carbon emissions.

24. Tripé da Sustentabilidade

25. O tema verde chega à imprensa
• carbon neutrality, carbon neutral (década de 1990)
• food miles (década de 1990)
• decarbonisation, decarbonise (década de 2000)
• carborexia, carborexic (década de 2000)

27. O tema verde chega à imprensa
• Nova economia
• Economia verde
• Economia digital
Nova Economia = Economia Digital
Nova Economia = Economia Verde
Nova Economia = Economia Verde + Economia Digital

28. O tema verde chega à imprensa (e às artes)
• cli-fi [= Climate + fiction]
A literary or movie genre featuring
dystopian stories of Earth affected by
extreme climate change.

30. 2010 – Relatório Planeta Vivo (WWF)
The Ecological Footprint is an accounting framework that tracks humanity’s
competing demands on the biosphere by comparing human demand against
the regenerative capacity of the planet.
It does this by adding together the
areas required to provide renewable resources people use, the areas
occupied by infrastructure, and the areas required for absorbing waste.

31. 2010 – Relatório Planeta Vivo (WWF)
The Water Footprint of Production for an agricultural product includes
all the water used and polluted in growing the particular crop;
however, the total water footprint of the final product additionally includes
all the water used and polluted in each subsequent step of the
production chain as well as in its consumption.
This is also referred to as “virtual water”.

32. 2010 – Relatório Planeta Vivo (WWF)
The “business as usual” scenario predicts that humanity will be using
resources and land at the rate of 2 planets each year by 2030,
and just over 2.8 planets each year by 2050.
(…)
During the 1970s, humanity as a whole passed the point at which the annual
Ecological Footprint matched the Earth’s annual biocapacity —
that is, the Earth’s human population began consuming renewable resources
faster than ecosystems can regenerate them and releasing more CO2
than ecosystems can absorb. This situation is called “ecological overshoot”,
and has continued since then.

33. Brasil: Vanguarda energética

34. Brasil: Vanguarda energética

35. Brasil: Vanguarda energética

36. Cenários da tradução “verde”
Cenários atuais
• A temática verde vai ao encontro de temas supostamente não verdes
• Temas supostamente não verdes vêm ao encontro da temática verde
• A maquiagem verde
Cenários futuros
• A temática verde se torna parte indissociável de outros temas

37. Cenários da tradução “verde”
• A temática verde vai ao encontro de
outros temas

38. Cenários da tradução “verde”
• Outros temas vêm ao encontro da temática verde

39. Cenários da tradução “verde”
In 2005, XXXX was the first FTSE 100 company to become carbon neutral, and we must
purchase carbon credits to remain carbon neutral. To achieve this, XXXX buys its
carbon credits through the United Nation's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
XXXX purchases high quality Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERs) on the
international carbon market. Each VER represents one ton of carbon dioxide that
has either been avoided by an organization through improving its energy efficiency
or generated by an organization developing renewable energy capacity.
XXXX has set aside the CO2 emissions resulting from the consumption of electricity by
XXXX's U.S. operations by purchasing Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) in units
of megawatt hours in the U.S.

40. Cenários da tradução “verde”
• A temática verde se torna parte indissociável de outros temas
– Tradução da Nova Economia?

42. Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa
• Glossários
• Tratados internacionais
– Convenções, Protocolos, Declarações, etc. (muitos nas línguas oficiais da ONU,
alguns em português)
• Órgãos do governo/Instituições de ensino brasileiras
– Relatórios, notas técnicas, guias/cartilhas, etc. (alguns multilíngues)
• ONGs
– Relatórios, notas técnicas, guias/cartilhas, etc. (alguns multilíngues)
• Jornais, revistas etc., inclusive on-line
– Seções dedicadas ao tema
– Publicações especializadas

43. Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa
Termo
original
Contexto
Leigo/genérico
Ex.:
Contexto
Semitécnico
Ex.:
Contexto
técnico/especializado
Ex.:
management gestão, gerenciamento manejo (ambiental) manejo (ambiental)
climate change
mudança climática
mudança do clima
mudança climática
mudança do clima
mudança do clima
objective vs. target objetivo vs. meta objetivo vs. meta objetivo vs. meta
deforestation desmatamento
desmatamento
desflorestamento
desflorestamento
energy-intensive
(industry)
(setor) de consumo
intensivo de energia
(setor) de consumo
intensivo de energia
(setor)
energo-intensivo

44. Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa
• Pesquisa terminológica em resumos de teses universitárias

45. Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa
• Pesquisa terminológica restrita a websites específicos

46. OBRIGADO!
marsel.translator@gmail.com
IV Congresso Internacional de Tradução e Interpretação da Abrates, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31/05 - 02/06/2013