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Design
Thinking for
 Educators


   Version One | April 2011
Use your classroom space in
          different ways?

          Support healthy habits inside and
          outside your school?
Are You
          Connect more effectively
Looking   with parents?
To...?    Find new ways to teach old content?

          Recruit the best teachers to
          your school?

          Develop better systems of feedback
          between teachers?

          Re-envision arrival and departure
          procedures at your school?




          Then you’re in the right place.
This toolkit can help you        This toolkit offers you new
                                                   create solutions for every-      ways to be intentional and
                                                   day challenges.                  collaborative when you are
                                                                                    designing. It hones your
                                                   It equips you with the pro-      skills and empowers you to
                                                   cess and methods of design.      create desirable solutions.
                                                   Businesses, social entrepre-
                                                   neurs and other innovators       This is an invitation to


This is a                                          have used them for decades
                                                   to create solutions for many
                                                   different types of challenges.
                                                                                    experiment with the design
                                                                                    process. Let it inspire you to
                                                                                    approach challenges differ-

Toolkit.                                           In this toolkit, these methods
                                                   are adapted specifically for
                                                                                    ently and experience how
                                                                                    Design Thinking adds a new


For You.
                                                   educators, because as an edu-    perspective to your work.
                                                   cator, you design every day.
                                                   You design your classroom,
                                                   you design curriculum, you
                                                   design learning environments
                                                   for your students, and you
                                                   design experiences and inter-
                                                   actions for your colleagues.




Having a process that    In some ways, I have      Design Thinking has              I used to be quick to
brings people together   always had elements       made me look at our              impose restrictions
to create more and       of Design Thinking in     curriculum in a whole            on myself. I could
better ideas has been    the way that I have       new way. Incorporating           easily convince myself
very valuable for us.    worked and thought        Design Thinking with             why a project wouldn’t
                         about schools, but I      Grant Wiggins’ Under-            work before ever giv-
Karen,                   have had no real pro-     standing by Design,              ing it a chance. Since
Learning Specialist      cess to validate some     I can research deeper,           I have been exposed
                         of my ideas. I was        come up with more                to Design Thinking,
                         looking for approaches    ideas and prototype              I have made a stron-
                         that combined the         lessons. I have also             ger effort to explore
                         logical rigor of study    started to collect               ideas. My students
                         in a traditional dis-     feedback as inspira-             have become part of
                         cipline with a more       tion to come up with             my research team. The
                         open and creative         new lessons or to                feedback they provide
                         approach to thinking.     adapt a lesson plan              has helped me create
                         Design Thinking offers    for the next time.               lessons that are more
                         a way of problem                                           student-centered.
                         solving that is more      Michael,
                         integrative of differ-    2nd Grade Teacher                Patrick,
                         ent modes of thought.                                      3rd Grade Teacher
                         It validates some of
                         the things that teach-
                         ers already do, but
                         also gives the oppor-
                         tunity to revisit one’s
                         practice.

                         Dominic,
                         Head of School
Guide
DT for Ed | Guide | p. 2




Contents
Guide
 DT for Ed | Guide | p. 3                                          It’s Experimental. Design           In short, Design Thinking          DT for Ed | Guide | p. 4                                                        The design process is what            It’s a deeply human approach             DT for Ed | Guide | p. 5                        The design process may             The design process therefore       DT for Ed | Guide | p. 6                                   current students in the year      Over the course of the follow-
                                                                   Thinking creates a real space       is the confidence that new,                                                                                        puts Design Thinking into             that relies on your ability                                                              seem very straightforward          integrates various modes                                                                      2060. They imagined what          ing school year, the teachers
                                                                   to try something new. It            better things are possible                                                                                         action. It’s a structured             to be intuitive, to interpret                                                            at first glance, but there is      of working: some steps are                                                                    these people had done in          tested many ideas in their
                                                                   gives you permission to fail        and that you can make them                                                                                         approach to generating and            what you observe and to                                                                  one important aspect to            more reflective, others are                                                                   their lives and careers. As a     classes. One teacher devel-
                                                                   and to learn from your mis-         happen. And that kind of                                                                                           evolving ideas. Its five phases       develop ideas that are emo-                                                              understand: its real value         hands-on, and some encour-                                                                    group, the teachers then cap-     oped new communications
                                                                   takes, because you come up          optimism is well-needed in                                                                                         help navigate the develop-            tionally meaningful to those                                                             lies in the mix of tangible        age interactions with people                                                                  tured the most interesting        for parents. The technology
                                                                   with new ideas, get feedback        education.                                                                                                         ment from identifying a               you are designing for—all                                                                problem solving and abstract       outside of your team. To help                                                                 themes and worked back-           team built new tools to sup-
                                                                   on them, then iterate. Given                                                                                                                           design challenge to finding           skills you are well versed in                                                            thinking. The very concrete        you know what to expect,                                                                      ward to understand the skills     port teachers in Investigative


 What is Design                                                    the range of needs your
                                                                   students have, your work will
                                                                   never be finished or “solved.”
                                                                                                       Classrooms and schools
                                                                                                       across the world are facing
                                                                                                       design challenges every
                                                                                                                                         The Design                                                                       and building a solution.              as an educator.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         One Thing                                       observations of the first
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         phase are abstracted as you
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         define themes and insights.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            the following indicators will
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            guide you through the meth-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ods in the Toolkit section:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Case Study                                                 these people would have
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          needed to develop as chil-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          dren to be successful. Armed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Learning. Another teacher
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            even received a grant to reno-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            vate a classroom and create

 Thinking?                                                         It is always in progress. Yet
                                                                   there is an underlying expec-
                                                                                                       single day, from integrating
                                                                                                       technology to increasing par-     Process                                                                                                                                                         to Keep                                         Only after you have devel-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         oped a sense of meaning                   Reflective                  Ormondale                                                  with this inspiration from
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          their own experiences, the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a different learning environ-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ment for her students. They


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         in Mind                                                                                                               Elementary
                                                                   tation that educators must          ent involvement to improving                                                                                                                                                                                                                      and direction do you develop              Hands-On                                                                               group then went to visit out-     didn’t go it alone: to build
 Design Thinking is a mindset.    It’s Human-Centered.             strive for perfection, that         daily schedules. Wherever                                                                                                                                                                                                                         tangible solutions. What                                                                                                         side organizations that were      a network of learning and
                                  Design Thinking begins by        they may not make mistakes,         they fall on the spectrum of       Phases                                                                                                                                                                                                         may seem like a detour in                 Interaction                                                                            facing analogous challenges.      support, the staff dedicated


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               School
 Thinking like a designer can     understanding the needs          that they should always be          scale, the challenges educa-                                                                                                                                                                                                                      idea development ultimately                                                                                                      Through interpreting all this     time in their weekly meetings
 transform the way you            and motivations of people—       flawless role models. This          tors are confronted with are                                                                                                                                                                                                                      makes your solutions much          This design process can be                                                                    information, the participants     to discuss what was happen-
 approach the world when          in this case, the students,      kind of expectation makes it        real, complex and varied. As                                                                                                                                                                                                                      more meaningful.                   applied in many forms. The                                                                    came up with many genera-         ing, learn from each other,
 imagining and creating new       teachers, parents, staff and     hard to take risks. It limits the   such, they require new per-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          following pages contain a                                                                     tive questions, such as “how      and help each other through
 solutions for the future:        administrators who make          possibilities to create more        spectives, new tools, and new             discovery                 interpretation                        ideation                 experimentation                     evolution                                                                  It requires taking a step back     variety of examples of how                                                                    might we enable the globally      rough patches.
 it’s about being aware of        up your everyday world. You      radical change. But educa-          approaches. Design Thinking                                                                                                                                                                                                                       to reflect, analyze, evaluate,     it has been used to create                                                                    aware student?” and “how
 the world around you,            talk with these people, you      tors need to experiment, too,       is one of them.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   think again and then evolve.       new, relevant solutions in an                                                                 might we provide opportuni-       In their second year, the
 believing that you play a role   listen to them, you consider     and Design Thinking is all                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            This takes time—a scarce           educational context.                                                                          ties for interest-driven learn-   group got back together
 in shaping that world, and       how best to help them do         about learning by doing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              resource—and can be chal-                                                                                                        ing?” The brainstorms that        for a second workshop to
 taking action toward a more      good work. Design Think-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               lenging, as educators are                                                                                                        followed started with ideas       make sense of all the experi-
 desirable future. Design         ing begins from this place of    It’s Optimistic. Design                                                I have a challenge.            I learned something.             I see an opportunity.          I have an idea.                I tried something new.                                                           used to solving problems on                                                                                                      about tools and classroom         ments they had conducted
                                                                                                                                          How do I approach it?          How do I interpret it?           What do I create?              How do I build it?             How do I evolve it?
 Thinking gives you faith in      deep empathy and builds on       Thinking is the fundamental                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           the spot in their classrooms.                                                                                                    design and expanded out           around the school. During
 your creative abilities and      the power of these empa-         belief that we all can create                                          Discovery builds a solid       Interpretation transforms        Ideation means generat-        Experimentation brings         Evolution is the develop-                                                        But there are no shortcuts.                                                                                                      to include curriculum and         this session, they shared and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The more abstract
 a process to take action         thetic questions and insights.   change—no matter how                                                   foundation for your ideas.     your stories into mean-          ing lots of ideas. Brain-      your ideas to life. Building   ment of your concept             steps often feel                                The small, sometimes hidden,                                                                                                     the educational system as a       discussed their experiences,
 through when faced with a                                         big a problem, how little time                                         Creating meaningful            ingful insights. Observa-        storming encourages you        prototypes means making        over time. It involves plan-     more intense,                                   details often hold the keys to                                                                                                   whole. Through prototyping        created a typology of Investi-
                                                                                                                                          solutions for students, par-   tions, field visits, or just a   to think expansively           ideas tangible, learning       ning next steps, communi-
 difficult challenge.             It’s Collaborative. Design       or how small a budget. No                                                                                                                                                                                                             but pay off in                                  solving complex challenges.                                                                                                      several of these ideas, the       gative Learning methods,
                                                                                                                                          ents, teachers, colleagues     simple conversation can          and without constraints.       while building them, and       cating the idea to people        the long run.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               how might
                                  Thinking requires conver-        matter what constraints                                                and administrators             be great inspiration—but         It’s often the wildest ideas   sharing them with other        who can help you realize                                                                                                                                                          When the teachers and           teachers saw a set of similar     and developed a framework
                                  sation, critique and all-out     exist around you, designing                                            begins with a deep under-      finding meaning in that          that spark visionary           people. Even with early        it, and documenting the                                                                                                                                                           administrators at Ormondale     patterns emerge across all        for Investigative Learning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               we create
                                                                   can be an enjoyable process.                                           standing for their needs.                                                                                                                                      ABSTrACT                                                                                                                                                                                                           standards and assessments.
                                  teamwork. And that’s some-                                                                                                             and turning it into action-      thoughts. With careful         and rough prototypes,          process. Change often                                                                                                                                                             elementary, a public K-3        their prototypes: they were
                                                                                                                                          Discovery means opening        able opportunities for           preparation and a clear        you can receive a direct       happens over time, and
                                  thing that might be a bit of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            school in California, wanted    all passionate about a teach-
                                  a shift, because despite
                                                                                                                                          up to new opportunities,
                                                                                                                                          and getting inspired to
                                                                                                                                                                         design is not an easy task.
                                                                                                                                                                         It involves storytelling,
                                                                                                                                                                                                          set of rules, a brainstorm
                                                                                                                                                                                                          session can yield hun-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         response and learn how
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         to further improve and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        reminders of even subtle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        signs of progress are                                                                                                                                  a 21st century             to find ways to bring 21st      ing and learning approach         Today, the faculty at Ormon-
                                  the fact that educators are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             that they called Investiga-       dale elementary School are
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               learning expe-
                                                                                                                                          create new ideas. With the     as well as sorting and           dreds of fresh ideas.          refine an idea.                important.                                                                                                                                                                        century skills into their
                                  surrounded by people all                                                                                right preparation, this can    condensing thoughts until                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        classrooms, they knew the       tive Learning. This approach      continuing to evolve their

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               rience for
                                  day long, teaching remains                                                                              be eye-opening and will        you’ve found a compelling                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        would address students not        approach to Investigative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          challenge would take time
                                                                                                                                          give you a good under-         point of view and clear
                                  an often solitary profession.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           and long-term commitment.       as receivers of information,      Learning. As new teachers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               our students?
                                                                                                                                          standing of your design        direction for ideation.
                                  Still, addressing complex (or                                                                           challenge.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      They chose a year-long time-    but as shapers of knowledge.      join the school, other faculty
                                  even not-so-complex) chal-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              frame and used the design       At the end of the workshop,       help them understand how
                                  lenges benefits significantly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           process to get started.         the teachers planned and          to construct these experi-
                                  from the views of multiple                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Find videos about                                          committed to experiments          ences, and they have created
                                  perspectives, and others’ cre-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Investigative Learning     During the summer, the          based on this philosophy that     a “Manual of Investigative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               at Ormondale at
                                  ativity bolstering your own.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 pvsd.net.                  teachers kicked off the proj-   they could conduct in their       Learning” to keep track of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ect with a two-day Design       classrooms.                       their philosophy and meth-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thinking workshop. The                                            ods. They have gained sup-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Discovery phase began with                                        port from their school board,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          CONCreTe




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          an activity that asked them                                       and have become recognized
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          to develop empathy for a                                          as a “California Distinguished
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          learner in the 21st century:                                      School.”
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          the exercise entailed teach-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         dIsCOvEry   IntErprEtatIOn   IdEatIOn          ExpErImEntatIOn                 EvOlutIOn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ers imagining one of their




3                                                                                                                                        4                                                                                                                                                             5                                                                                                                       6

 DT for Ed | Guide | p. 7                                          In 2010, the faculty at river-      After several experiments         DT for Ed | Guide | p. 8                                                        They turned to Design                  teachers] and the players              DT for Ed | Guide | p. 9                        enough theory—it’s time            It’s Version One: this is not a
                                                                   dale Country School, an inde-       with a few different collabo-                                                                                     Thinking to develop a game             [kids] had different needs                                                             to take action. The Toolkit        finished piece, it’s a foundation.
                                                                   pendent K-12 school in New          ration tools, the riverdale                                                                                       and combined it with the               and understood different                                                               provides you with instructions     The Toolkit will evolve and
                                                                   York, embarked on a design          teachers now have an online                                                                                       Backwards Design method-               things. But the game actually                                                          to explore Design Thinking         change based on your feed-
                                                                   project to encourage more           platform for sharing lesson                                                                                       ology, which begins with               had to meet all these needs                                                            yourself.                          back. That’s why we want to
                                                                   collaboration among teach-          plans and activities as well                                                                                      the end goal in mind, to cre-          simultaneously.”                                                                                                          hear from you. Please send
                                                                   ers. With three teachers lead-      as creating meeting agendas                                                                                       ate the educational content.                                                                                                                                     us comments, stories, photos
                                                                   ing the process as facilita-        to save time. “It seems to                                                                                        Using Backwards Design,                Since launching, Motion Math                                                                                              or movies of your experiences


 Case Study                                                        tors, a group of 15 worked as
                                                                   a design team to take on the
                                                                   challenge. They started with
                                                                                                       be working for us. We’re shar-
                                                                                                       ing more as a team and we’ve
                                                                                                       freed up time to get more
                                                                                                                                         Case Study                                                                      they were able to hone in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         on how they could assess
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         students’ mastery of con-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                has been on the “Top 5” list
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                of educational apps, was fea-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                tured in the Wall Street Jour-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       This is a Work                                                                     using this toolkit to create new
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          design solutions:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          DT_ed@ideo.com

 Riverdale                                                         observations and conversa-
                                                                   tions—not just in their own
                                                                                                       done in our meetings,” said
                                                                                                       one of the team members.          Motion Math                                                                     cepts and work from there to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         help them get the concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                nal, and won an excellence in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Design Award from Children’s           in Progress.
 Country School
                                                                   school, but also with analo-                                                                                                                          right. Using Design Thinking,          Technology Review. Most
                                                                   gous environments. Splitting        And there’s still a lot more                                                                                      they were able to create               rewarding for Adauto and                                                                                                  Collaborative
                                                                   into three teams, they inter-       happening: teachers at                                                                                            a game that was fun, engag-            Klein was the fact that insti-                                                                                            development of this
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          toolkit, February-
                                                                   viewed employees at Sirius          riverdale were so energized                                                                                       ing and valued by parents,             tutional school purchases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          April 2011.
                                                                   XM, Consumer reports and            by Design Thinking that they                                                                                      teachers and students alike.           have been very strong.
                                                                   IDeO—organizations that             submitted ideas for several                                                                                       “The most important part of            Teachers have emailed them
                                                                   were noted for their team-          design projects. In early                                                                                         merging the two processes              videos of kids playing their
                                                                   work and collaboration. One         2011, they assembled a                                                                                            was iteration, being open to           game in the classrooms,
                                                                   of the teacher-facilitators         core team of five teachers to                                                                                     really listening to what people        and students from preschool
                                                                   noted that this inspiration         conduct a one-year project                                                                                        want,” observed Adauto.                through community college
                                                                   was important to the team:          to revise the school’s pro-                                                                                                                              are using the game to learn
                                                                   “It was really provocative.         gram in character, conduct,                                                                                       Adauto and Klein started               math skills. The founders are          Discovery
                                                                   We saw that people have very        and ethics. Another team of                                                                                       the process by defining a              currently building on their
                                                                   different ways of managing          teachers is helping to design                                                                                     challenge to create a game             success and designing addi-
                                                                   their time and we developed         a smooth transition for the                                                                                       that would address the                 tional educational games
                                                                   a new awareness [of these           new head of the elementary                                                                                        biggest stumbling block for            to address other hurdles in

 how might
                                                                   companies].”                        school. Teachers are using                                                                                        elementary school kids. They           elementary education.
                                  It was the prototyp-
                                                                                                       Design Thinking in their                                                                                          went out to talk to teachers.

 we create a
                                  ing and feedback that
                                  made me really see               Bringing this inspiration           classrooms and are sharing        how might we                           When the founders of Motion              Over and over, they heard

                                                                                                                                         develop games
                                                                   back on-site, the team dis-         their enthusiasm and ideas                                                                                        that fractions were a huge                                                    Interpretation
                                  the value in this pro-                                                                                                                        Math got together to think
 culture of col-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Read more about
                                  cess. We have become             cussed their learnings and          with their colleagues. The                                               about how to use games                   pain point. Next, they looked          Motion Math at
                                  a more effective team

 laboration?                      that now shares ideas,
                                  resources and feedback
                                                                   clustered them into three
                                                                   themes: online tools, faculty
                                                                                                       impact has expanded way
                                                                                                       beyond the initial design proj-
                                                                                                                                         to tackle the                          to help kids learn, they knew
                                                                                                                                                                                that teaching math and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         for inspiration from the most
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         popular games at the time,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                motionmathgames.com.


                                  on a regular basis.              spaces and team-building            ect and continues to spread.      toughest learn-                        designing a product weren’t              one of which had a bouncing
                                                                   activities. They identified                                                                                                                           device to move a character
                                                                                                                                         ing hurdles?
                                  Michael,                                                                                                                                      the same thing. Both teach-
                                  1st Grade Teacher                opportunities for design                                                                                     ers who worked with ele-                 around a screen. From there,
                                                                   within these areas, and brain-                                                                               mentary-school-aged kids,                the team started brainstorm-                                                  Ideation
                                                                   stormed dozens of ideas. In                                                                                  Gabriel Adauto and Jacob                 ing, and generated lots of
                                                                   smaller groups, they built dif-                                                                              Klein began their project with           ideas for interactive games
                                                                   ferent prototypes, including                                                                                 an understanding of both                 that could help kids learn
                                                                   an online collaboration tool                                                                                 what kids liked and what par-            fractions. Many prototypes
                                                                   to make faculty meetings                                                                                     ents and teachers valued—                and feedback sessions later,
                                                                   more effective, a new faculty                                                                                but they also recognized that            Adauto and Klein launched
                                                                   lounge, and potluck brunches                                                                                 their experience and intuition           Motion Math. “We did lots
                                                                   to bring teachers together in                                                                                alone weren’t enough to                  of feedback sessions with                                                     Experimentation

                                                                   casual settings.                                                                                             design a successful learning             paper prototypes. The most
                                                                                                                                                                                product.                                 valuable feedback session
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         we had was with parents,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         teachers and kids all together.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         We saw how the groups inter-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         act, and it helped us realize
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         that the payers [parents and                                                  Evolution




7                                                                                                                                        8                                                                                                                                                             9
DT for Ed | Guide | p. 3                                          It’s Experimental. Design           In short, Design Thinking
                                                                  Thinking creates a real space       is the confidence that new,
                                                                  to try something new. It            better things are possible
                                                                  gives you permission to fail        and that you can make them
                                                                  and to learn from your mis-         happen. And that kind of
                                                                  takes, because you come up          optimism is well-needed in
                                                                  with new ideas, get feedback        education.
                                                                  on them, then iterate. Given


What is Design                                                    the range of needs your
                                                                  students have, your work will
                                                                  never be finished or “solved.”
                                                                                                      Classrooms and schools
                                                                                                      across the world are facing
                                                                                                      design challenges every

Thinking?                                                         It is always in progress. Yet
                                                                  there is an underlying expec-
                                                                  tation that educators must
                                                                                                      single day, from integrating
                                                                                                      technology to increasing par-
                                                                                                      ent involvement to improving
Design Thinking is a mindset.    It’s Human-Centered.             strive for perfection, that         daily schedules. Wherever
                                 Design Thinking begins by        they may not make mistakes,         they fall on the spectrum of
Thinking like a designer can     understanding the needs          that they should always be          scale, the challenges educa-
transform the way you            and motivations of people—       flawless role models. This          tors are confronted with are
approach the world when          in this case, the students,      kind of expectation makes it        real, complex and varied. As
imagining and creating new       teachers, parents, staff and     hard to take risks. It limits the   such, they require new per-
solutions for the future:        administrators who make          possibilities to create more        spectives, new tools, and new
it’s about being aware of        up your everyday world. You      radical change. But educa-          approaches. Design Thinking
the world around you,            talk with these people, you      tors need to experiment, too,       is one of them.
believing that you play a role   listen to them, you consider     and Design Thinking is all
in shaping that world, and       how best to help them do         about learning by doing.
taking action toward a more      good work. Design Think-
desirable future. Design         ing begins from this place of    It’s Optimistic. Design
Thinking gives you faith in      deep empathy and builds on       Thinking is the fundamental
your creative abilities and      the power of these empa-         belief that we all can create
a process to take action         thetic questions and insights.   change—no matter how
through when faced with a                                         big a problem, how little time
difficult challenge.             It’s Collaborative. Design       or how small a budget. No
                                 Thinking requires conver-        matter what constraints
                                 sation, critique and all-out     exist around you, designing
                                 teamwork. And that’s some-       can be an enjoyable process.
                                 thing that might be a bit of
                                 a shift, because despite
                                 the fact that educators are
                                 surrounded by people all
                                 day long, teaching remains
                                 an often solitary profession.
                                 Still, addressing complex (or
                                 even not-so-complex) chal-
                                 lenges benefits significantly
                                 from the views of multiple
                                 perspectives, and others’ cre-
                                 ativity bolstering your own.
DT for Ed | Guide | p. 4                                                        The design process is what            It’s a deeply human approach
                                                                                puts Design Thinking into             that relies on your ability
                                                                                action. It’s a structured             to be intuitive, to interpret
                                                                                approach to generating and            what you observe and to
                                                                                evolving ideas. Its five phases       develop ideas that are emo-
                                                                                help navigate the develop-            tionally meaningful to those
                                                                                ment from identifying a               you are designing for—all
                                                                                design challenge to finding           skills you are well versed in


The Design                                                                      and building a solution.              as an educator.




Process
PhASeS




       dIsCOvEry                 IntErprEtatIOn                        IdEatIOn                 ExpErImEntatIOn                     EvOlutIOn




I have a challenge.            I learned something.             I see an opportunity.          I have an idea.                I tried something new.
How do I approach it?          How do I interpret it?           What do I create?              How do I build it?             How do I evolve it?

Discovery builds a solid       Interpretation transforms        Ideation means generat-        Experimentation brings         Evolution is the develop-
foundation for your ideas.     your stories into mean-          ing lots of ideas. Brain-      your ideas to life. Building   ment of your concept
Creating meaningful            ingful insights. Observa-        storming encourages you        prototypes means making        over time. It involves plan-
solutions for students, par-   tions, field visits, or just a   to think expansively           ideas tangible, learning       ning next steps, communi-
ents, teachers, colleagues     simple conversation can          and without constraints.       while building them, and       cating the idea to people
and administrators             be great inspiration—but         It’s often the wildest ideas   sharing them with other        who can help you realize
begins with a deep under-      finding meaning in that          that spark visionary           people. Even with early        it, and documenting the
standing for their needs.      and turning it into action-      thoughts. With careful         and rough prototypes,          process. Change often
Discovery means opening        able opportunities for           preparation and a clear        you can receive a direct       happens over time, and
up to new opportunities,       design is not an easy task.      set of rules, a brainstorm     response and learn how         reminders of even subtle
and getting inspired to        It involves storytelling,        session can yield hun-         to further improve and         signs of progress are
create new ideas. With the     as well as sorting and           dreds of fresh ideas.          refine an idea.                important.
right preparation, this can    condensing thoughts until
be eye-opening and will        you’ve found a compelling
give you a good under-         point of view and clear
standing of your design        direction for ideation.
challenge.
DT for Ed | Guide | p. 5                        The design process may           The design process therefore
                                                seem very straightforward        integrates various modes
                                                at first glance, but there is    of working: some steps are
                                                one important aspect to          more reflective, others are
                                                understand: its real value       hands-on, and some encour-
                                                lies in the mix of tangible      age interactions with people
                                                problem solving and abstract     outside of your team. To help
                                                thinking. The very concrete      you know what to expect,


One Thing                                       observations of the first
                                                phase are abstracted as you
                                                define themes and insights.
                                                                                 the following indicators will
                                                                                 guide you through the meth-
                                                                                 ods in the Toolkit section:

to Keep                                         Only after you have devel-
                                                oped a sense of meaning                 Reflective



in Mind
                                                and direction do you develop            Hands-On
                                                tangible solutions. What
                                                may seem like a detour in               Interaction

                                                idea development ultimately
                                                makes your solutions much        This design process can be
                                                more meaningful.                 applied in many forms. The
                                                                                 following pages contain a
                                                It requires taking a step back   variety of examples of how
                                                to reflect, analyze, evaluate,   it has been used to create
                                                think again and then evolve.     new, relevant solutions in an
                                                This takes time—a scarce         educational context.
                                                resource—and can be chal-
                                                lenging, as educators are
                                                used to solving problems on
                                                the spot in their classrooms.
                                                But there are no shortcuts.
The more abstract
steps often feel                                The small, sometimes hidden,
more intense,                                   details often hold the keys to
but pay off in                                  solving complex challenges.
the long run.


ABSTRACT
CONCReTe




                dIsCOvEry   IntErprEtatIOn   IdEatIOn          ExpErImEntatIOn              EvOlutIOn
DT for Ed | Guide | p. 6                                   current students in the year      Over the course of the follow-
                                                           2060. They imagined what          ing school year, the teachers
                                                           these people had done in          tested many ideas in their
                                                           their lives and careers. As a     classes. One teacher devel-
                                                           group, the teachers then cap-     oped new communications
                                                           tured the most interesting        for parents. The technology
                                                           themes and worked back-           team built new tools to sup-
                                                           ward to understand the skills     port teachers in Investigative


Case Study                                                 these people would have
                                                           needed to develop as chil-
                                                           dren to be successful. Armed
                                                                                             Learning. Another teacher
                                                                                             even received a grant to reno-
                                                                                             vate a classroom and create

Ormondale                                                  with this inspiration from
                                                           their own experiences, the
                                                                                             a different learning environ-
                                                                                             ment for her students. They


Elementary
                                                           group then went to visit out-     didn’t go it alone: to build
                                                           side organizations that were      a network of learning and
                                                           facing analogous challenges.      support, the staff dedicated


School
                                                           Through interpreting all this     time in their weekly meetings
                                                           information, the participants     to discuss what was happen-
                                                           came up with many genera-         ing, learn from each other,
                                                           tive questions, such as “how      and help each other through
                                                           might we enable the globally      rough patches.
                                                           aware student?” and “how
                                                           might we provide opportuni-       In their second year, the
                                                           ties for interest-driven learn-   group got back together
                                                           ing?” The brainstorms that        for a second workshop to
                                                           followed started with ideas       make sense of all the experi-
                                                           about tools and classroom         ments they had conducted
                                                           design and expanded out           around the school. During
                                                           to include curriculum and         this session, they shared and
                                                           the educational system as a       discussed their experiences,
                                                           whole. Through prototyping        created a typology of Investi-
                                                           several of these ideas, the       gative Learning methods,

how might
                           When the teachers and           teachers saw a set of similar     and developed a framework
                           administrators at Ormondale     patterns emerge across all        for Investigative Learning

we create                  elementary, a public K-3
                           school in California, wanted
                                                           their prototypes: they were
                                                           all passionate about a teach-
                                                                                             standards and assessments.


a 21st century             to find ways to bring 21st      ing and learning approach         Today, the faculty at Ormon-
                                                           that they called Investiga-       dale elementary School are
learning expe-
                           century skills into their
                           classrooms, they knew the       tive Learning. This approach      continuing to evolve their

rience for                 challenge would take time
                           and long-term commitment.
                                                           would address students not
                                                           as receivers of information,
                                                                                             approach to Investigative
                                                                                             Learning. As new teachers
our students?              They chose a year-long time-    but as shapers of knowledge.      join the school, other faculty
                           frame and used the design       At the end of the workshop,       help them understand how
                           process to get started.         the teachers planned and          to construct these experi-
Find videos about                                          committed to experiments          ences, and they have created
Investigative Learning     During the summer, the          based on this philosophy that     a “Manual of Investigative
at Ormondale at
pvsd.net.                  teachers kicked off the proj-   they could conduct in their       Learning” to keep track of
                           ect with a two-day Design       classrooms.                       their philosophy and meth-
                           Thinking workshop. The                                            ods. They have gained sup-
                           Discovery phase began with                                        port from their school board,
                           an activity that asked them                                       and have become recognized
                           to develop empathy for a                                          as a “California Distinguished
                           learner in the 21st century:                                      School.”
                           the exercise entailed teach-
                           ers imagining one of their
DT for Ed | Guide | p. 7                            In 2010, the faculty at River-    After several experiments
                                                    dale Country School, an inde-     with a few different collabo-
                                                    pendent K-12 school in New        ration tools, the Riverdale
                                                    York, embarked on a design        teachers now have an online
                                                    project to encourage more         platform for sharing lesson
                                                    collaboration among teach-        plans and activities as well
                                                    ers. With three teachers lead-    as creating meeting agendas
                                                    ing the process as facilita-      to save time. “It seems to


Case Study                                          tors, a group of 15 worked as
                                                    a design team to take on the
                                                    challenge. They started with
                                                                                      be working for us. We’re shar-
                                                                                      ing more as a team and we’ve
                                                                                      freed up time to get more

Riverdale                                           observations and conversa-
                                                    tions—not just in their own
                                                                                      done in our meetings,” said
                                                                                      one of the team members.


Country School
                                                    school, but also with analo-
                                                    gous environments. Splitting      And there’s still a lot more
                                                    into three teams, they inter-     happening: teachers at
                                                    viewed employees at Sirius        Riverdale were so energized
                                                    XM, Consumer Reports and          by Design Thinking that they
                                                    IDeO—organizations that           submitted ideas for several
                                                    were noted for their team-        design projects. In early
                                                    work and collaboration. One       2011, they assembled a
                                                    of the teacher-facilitators       core team of five teachers to
                                                    noted that this inspiration       conduct a one-year project
                                                    was important to the team:        to revise the school’s pro-
                                                    “It was really provocative.       gram in character, conduct,
                                                    We saw that people have very      and ethics. Another team of
                                                    different ways of managing        teachers is helping to design
                                                    their time and we developed       a smooth transition for the
                                                    a new awareness [of these         new head of the elementary

how might
                                                    companies].”                      school. Teachers are using
                           It was the prototyp-
                                                                                      Design Thinking in their
                           ing and feedback that
we create a                made me really see
                           the value in this pro-
                                                    Bringing this inspiration
                                                    back on-site, the team dis-
                                                                                      classrooms and are sharing
                                                                                      their enthusiasm and ideas
culture of col-            cess. We have become
                           a more effective team
                                                    cussed their learnings and        with their colleagues. The
                                                                                      impact has expanded way
laboration?                that now shares ideas,   clustered them into three
                           resources and feedback   themes: online tools, faculty     beyond the initial design proj-
                           on a regular basis.      spaces and team-building          ect and continues to spread.
                           Michael,                 activities. They identified
                           1st Grade Teacher        opportunities for design
                                                    within these areas, and brain-
                                                    stormed dozens of ideas. In
                                                    smaller groups, they built dif-
                                                    ferent prototypes, including
                                                    an online collaboration tool
                                                    to make faculty meetings
                                                    more effective, a new faculty
                                                    lounge, and potluck brunches
                                                    to bring teachers together in
                                                    casual settings.
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Guia Design Thinking

  • 1. Design Thinking for Educators Version One | April 2011
  • 2. Use your classroom space in different ways? Support healthy habits inside and outside your school? Are You Connect more effectively Looking with parents? To...? Find new ways to teach old content? Recruit the best teachers to your school? Develop better systems of feedback between teachers? Re-envision arrival and departure procedures at your school? Then you’re in the right place.
  • 3. This toolkit can help you This toolkit offers you new create solutions for every- ways to be intentional and day challenges. collaborative when you are designing. It hones your It equips you with the pro- skills and empowers you to cess and methods of design. create desirable solutions. Businesses, social entrepre- neurs and other innovators This is an invitation to This is a have used them for decades to create solutions for many different types of challenges. experiment with the design process. Let it inspire you to approach challenges differ- Toolkit. In this toolkit, these methods are adapted specifically for ently and experience how Design Thinking adds a new For You. educators, because as an edu- perspective to your work. cator, you design every day. You design your classroom, you design curriculum, you design learning environments for your students, and you design experiences and inter- actions for your colleagues. Having a process that In some ways, I have Design Thinking has I used to be quick to brings people together always had elements made me look at our impose restrictions to create more and of Design Thinking in curriculum in a whole on myself. I could better ideas has been the way that I have new way. Incorporating easily convince myself very valuable for us. worked and thought Design Thinking with why a project wouldn’t about schools, but I Grant Wiggins’ Under- work before ever giv- Karen, have had no real pro- standing by Design, ing it a chance. Since Learning Specialist cess to validate some I can research deeper, I have been exposed of my ideas. I was come up with more to Design Thinking, looking for approaches ideas and prototype I have made a stron- that combined the lessons. I have also ger effort to explore logical rigor of study started to collect ideas. My students in a traditional dis- feedback as inspira- have become part of cipline with a more tion to come up with my research team. The open and creative new lessons or to feedback they provide approach to thinking. adapt a lesson plan has helped me create Design Thinking offers for the next time. lessons that are more a way of problem student-centered. solving that is more Michael, integrative of differ- 2nd Grade Teacher Patrick, ent modes of thought. 3rd Grade Teacher It validates some of the things that teach- ers already do, but also gives the oppor- tunity to revisit one’s practice. Dominic, Head of School
  • 5. DT for Ed | Guide | p. 2 Contents Guide DT for Ed | Guide | p. 3 It’s Experimental. Design In short, Design Thinking DT for Ed | Guide | p. 4 The design process is what It’s a deeply human approach DT for Ed | Guide | p. 5 The design process may The design process therefore DT for Ed | Guide | p. 6 current students in the year Over the course of the follow- Thinking creates a real space is the confidence that new, puts Design Thinking into that relies on your ability seem very straightforward integrates various modes 2060. They imagined what ing school year, the teachers to try something new. It better things are possible action. It’s a structured to be intuitive, to interpret at first glance, but there is of working: some steps are these people had done in tested many ideas in their gives you permission to fail and that you can make them approach to generating and what you observe and to one important aspect to more reflective, others are their lives and careers. As a classes. One teacher devel- and to learn from your mis- happen. And that kind of evolving ideas. Its five phases develop ideas that are emo- understand: its real value hands-on, and some encour- group, the teachers then cap- oped new communications takes, because you come up optimism is well-needed in help navigate the develop- tionally meaningful to those lies in the mix of tangible age interactions with people tured the most interesting for parents. The technology with new ideas, get feedback education. ment from identifying a you are designing for—all problem solving and abstract outside of your team. To help themes and worked back- team built new tools to sup- on them, then iterate. Given design challenge to finding skills you are well versed in thinking. The very concrete you know what to expect, ward to understand the skills port teachers in Investigative What is Design the range of needs your students have, your work will never be finished or “solved.” Classrooms and schools across the world are facing design challenges every The Design and building a solution. as an educator. One Thing observations of the first phase are abstracted as you define themes and insights. the following indicators will guide you through the meth- ods in the Toolkit section: Case Study these people would have needed to develop as chil- dren to be successful. Armed Learning. Another teacher even received a grant to reno- vate a classroom and create Thinking? It is always in progress. Yet there is an underlying expec- single day, from integrating technology to increasing par- Process to Keep Only after you have devel- oped a sense of meaning Reflective Ormondale with this inspiration from their own experiences, the a different learning environ- ment for her students. They in Mind Elementary tation that educators must ent involvement to improving and direction do you develop Hands-On group then went to visit out- didn’t go it alone: to build Design Thinking is a mindset. It’s Human-Centered. strive for perfection, that daily schedules. Wherever tangible solutions. What side organizations that were a network of learning and Design Thinking begins by they may not make mistakes, they fall on the spectrum of Phases may seem like a detour in Interaction facing analogous challenges. support, the staff dedicated School Thinking like a designer can understanding the needs that they should always be scale, the challenges educa- idea development ultimately Through interpreting all this time in their weekly meetings transform the way you and motivations of people— flawless role models. This tors are confronted with are makes your solutions much This design process can be information, the participants to discuss what was happen- approach the world when in this case, the students, kind of expectation makes it real, complex and varied. As more meaningful. applied in many forms. The came up with many genera- ing, learn from each other, imagining and creating new teachers, parents, staff and hard to take risks. It limits the such, they require new per- following pages contain a tive questions, such as “how and help each other through solutions for the future: administrators who make possibilities to create more spectives, new tools, and new discovery interpretation ideation experimentation evolution It requires taking a step back variety of examples of how might we enable the globally rough patches. it’s about being aware of up your everyday world. You radical change. But educa- approaches. Design Thinking to reflect, analyze, evaluate, it has been used to create aware student?” and “how the world around you, talk with these people, you tors need to experiment, too, is one of them. think again and then evolve. new, relevant solutions in an might we provide opportuni- In their second year, the believing that you play a role listen to them, you consider and Design Thinking is all This takes time—a scarce educational context. ties for interest-driven learn- group got back together in shaping that world, and how best to help them do about learning by doing. resource—and can be chal- ing?” The brainstorms that for a second workshop to taking action toward a more good work. Design Think- lenging, as educators are followed started with ideas make sense of all the experi- desirable future. Design ing begins from this place of It’s Optimistic. Design I have a challenge. I learned something. I see an opportunity. I have an idea. I tried something new. used to solving problems on about tools and classroom ments they had conducted How do I approach it? How do I interpret it? What do I create? How do I build it? How do I evolve it? Thinking gives you faith in deep empathy and builds on Thinking is the fundamental the spot in their classrooms. design and expanded out around the school. During your creative abilities and the power of these empa- belief that we all can create Discovery builds a solid Interpretation transforms Ideation means generat- Experimentation brings Evolution is the develop- But there are no shortcuts. to include curriculum and this session, they shared and The more abstract a process to take action thetic questions and insights. change—no matter how foundation for your ideas. your stories into mean- ing lots of ideas. Brain- your ideas to life. Building ment of your concept steps often feel The small, sometimes hidden, the educational system as a discussed their experiences, through when faced with a big a problem, how little time Creating meaningful ingful insights. Observa- storming encourages you prototypes means making over time. It involves plan- more intense, details often hold the keys to whole. Through prototyping created a typology of Investi- solutions for students, par- tions, field visits, or just a to think expansively ideas tangible, learning ning next steps, communi- difficult challenge. It’s Collaborative. Design or how small a budget. No but pay off in solving complex challenges. several of these ideas, the gative Learning methods, ents, teachers, colleagues simple conversation can and without constraints. while building them, and cating the idea to people the long run. how might Thinking requires conver- matter what constraints and administrators be great inspiration—but It’s often the wildest ideas sharing them with other who can help you realize When the teachers and teachers saw a set of similar and developed a framework sation, critique and all-out exist around you, designing begins with a deep under- finding meaning in that that spark visionary people. Even with early it, and documenting the administrators at Ormondale patterns emerge across all for Investigative Learning we create can be an enjoyable process. standing for their needs. ABSTrACT standards and assessments. teamwork. And that’s some- and turning it into action- thoughts. With careful and rough prototypes, process. Change often elementary, a public K-3 their prototypes: they were Discovery means opening able opportunities for preparation and a clear you can receive a direct happens over time, and thing that might be a bit of school in California, wanted all passionate about a teach- a shift, because despite up to new opportunities, and getting inspired to design is not an easy task. It involves storytelling, set of rules, a brainstorm session can yield hun- response and learn how to further improve and reminders of even subtle signs of progress are a 21st century to find ways to bring 21st ing and learning approach Today, the faculty at Ormon- the fact that educators are that they called Investiga- dale elementary School are learning expe- create new ideas. With the as well as sorting and dreds of fresh ideas. refine an idea. important. century skills into their surrounded by people all right preparation, this can condensing thoughts until classrooms, they knew the tive Learning. This approach continuing to evolve their rience for day long, teaching remains be eye-opening and will you’ve found a compelling would address students not approach to Investigative challenge would take time give you a good under- point of view and clear an often solitary profession. and long-term commitment. as receivers of information, Learning. As new teachers our students? standing of your design direction for ideation. Still, addressing complex (or challenge. They chose a year-long time- but as shapers of knowledge. join the school, other faculty even not-so-complex) chal- frame and used the design At the end of the workshop, help them understand how lenges benefits significantly process to get started. the teachers planned and to construct these experi- from the views of multiple Find videos about committed to experiments ences, and they have created perspectives, and others’ cre- Investigative Learning During the summer, the based on this philosophy that a “Manual of Investigative at Ormondale at ativity bolstering your own. pvsd.net. teachers kicked off the proj- they could conduct in their Learning” to keep track of ect with a two-day Design classrooms. their philosophy and meth- Thinking workshop. The ods. They have gained sup- Discovery phase began with port from their school board, CONCreTe an activity that asked them and have become recognized to develop empathy for a as a “California Distinguished learner in the 21st century: School.” the exercise entailed teach- dIsCOvEry IntErprEtatIOn IdEatIOn ExpErImEntatIOn EvOlutIOn ers imagining one of their 3 4 5 6 DT for Ed | Guide | p. 7 In 2010, the faculty at river- After several experiments DT for Ed | Guide | p. 8 They turned to Design teachers] and the players DT for Ed | Guide | p. 9 enough theory—it’s time It’s Version One: this is not a dale Country School, an inde- with a few different collabo- Thinking to develop a game [kids] had different needs to take action. The Toolkit finished piece, it’s a foundation. pendent K-12 school in New ration tools, the riverdale and combined it with the and understood different provides you with instructions The Toolkit will evolve and York, embarked on a design teachers now have an online Backwards Design method- things. But the game actually to explore Design Thinking change based on your feed- project to encourage more platform for sharing lesson ology, which begins with had to meet all these needs yourself. back. That’s why we want to collaboration among teach- plans and activities as well the end goal in mind, to cre- simultaneously.” hear from you. Please send ers. With three teachers lead- as creating meeting agendas ate the educational content. us comments, stories, photos ing the process as facilita- to save time. “It seems to Using Backwards Design, Since launching, Motion Math or movies of your experiences Case Study tors, a group of 15 worked as a design team to take on the challenge. They started with be working for us. We’re shar- ing more as a team and we’ve freed up time to get more Case Study they were able to hone in on how they could assess students’ mastery of con- has been on the “Top 5” list of educational apps, was fea- tured in the Wall Street Jour- This is a Work using this toolkit to create new design solutions: DT_ed@ideo.com Riverdale observations and conversa- tions—not just in their own done in our meetings,” said one of the team members. Motion Math cepts and work from there to help them get the concepts nal, and won an excellence in Design Award from Children’s in Progress. Country School school, but also with analo- right. Using Design Thinking, Technology Review. Most gous environments. Splitting And there’s still a lot more they were able to create rewarding for Adauto and Collaborative into three teams, they inter- happening: teachers at a game that was fun, engag- Klein was the fact that insti- development of this toolkit, February- viewed employees at Sirius riverdale were so energized ing and valued by parents, tutional school purchases April 2011. XM, Consumer reports and by Design Thinking that they teachers and students alike. have been very strong. IDeO—organizations that submitted ideas for several “The most important part of Teachers have emailed them were noted for their team- design projects. In early merging the two processes videos of kids playing their work and collaboration. One 2011, they assembled a was iteration, being open to game in the classrooms, of the teacher-facilitators core team of five teachers to really listening to what people and students from preschool noted that this inspiration conduct a one-year project want,” observed Adauto. through community college was important to the team: to revise the school’s pro- are using the game to learn “It was really provocative. gram in character, conduct, Adauto and Klein started math skills. The founders are Discovery We saw that people have very and ethics. Another team of the process by defining a currently building on their different ways of managing teachers is helping to design challenge to create a game success and designing addi- their time and we developed a smooth transition for the that would address the tional educational games a new awareness [of these new head of the elementary biggest stumbling block for to address other hurdles in how might companies].” school. Teachers are using elementary school kids. They elementary education. It was the prototyp- Design Thinking in their went out to talk to teachers. we create a ing and feedback that made me really see Bringing this inspiration classrooms and are sharing how might we When the founders of Motion Over and over, they heard develop games back on-site, the team dis- their enthusiasm and ideas that fractions were a huge Interpretation the value in this pro- Math got together to think culture of col- Read more about cess. We have become cussed their learnings and with their colleagues. The about how to use games pain point. Next, they looked Motion Math at a more effective team laboration? that now shares ideas, resources and feedback clustered them into three themes: online tools, faculty impact has expanded way beyond the initial design proj- to tackle the to help kids learn, they knew that teaching math and for inspiration from the most popular games at the time, motionmathgames.com. on a regular basis. spaces and team-building ect and continues to spread. toughest learn- designing a product weren’t one of which had a bouncing activities. They identified device to move a character ing hurdles? Michael, the same thing. Both teach- 1st Grade Teacher opportunities for design ers who worked with ele- around a screen. From there, within these areas, and brain- mentary-school-aged kids, the team started brainstorm- Ideation stormed dozens of ideas. In Gabriel Adauto and Jacob ing, and generated lots of smaller groups, they built dif- Klein began their project with ideas for interactive games ferent prototypes, including an understanding of both that could help kids learn an online collaboration tool what kids liked and what par- fractions. Many prototypes to make faculty meetings ents and teachers valued— and feedback sessions later, more effective, a new faculty but they also recognized that Adauto and Klein launched lounge, and potluck brunches their experience and intuition Motion Math. “We did lots to bring teachers together in alone weren’t enough to of feedback sessions with Experimentation casual settings. design a successful learning paper prototypes. The most product. valuable feedback session we had was with parents, teachers and kids all together. We saw how the groups inter- act, and it helped us realize that the payers [parents and Evolution 7 8 9
  • 6. DT for Ed | Guide | p. 3 It’s Experimental. Design In short, Design Thinking Thinking creates a real space is the confidence that new, to try something new. It better things are possible gives you permission to fail and that you can make them and to learn from your mis- happen. And that kind of takes, because you come up optimism is well-needed in with new ideas, get feedback education. on them, then iterate. Given What is Design the range of needs your students have, your work will never be finished or “solved.” Classrooms and schools across the world are facing design challenges every Thinking? It is always in progress. Yet there is an underlying expec- tation that educators must single day, from integrating technology to increasing par- ent involvement to improving Design Thinking is a mindset. It’s Human-Centered. strive for perfection, that daily schedules. Wherever Design Thinking begins by they may not make mistakes, they fall on the spectrum of Thinking like a designer can understanding the needs that they should always be scale, the challenges educa- transform the way you and motivations of people— flawless role models. This tors are confronted with are approach the world when in this case, the students, kind of expectation makes it real, complex and varied. As imagining and creating new teachers, parents, staff and hard to take risks. It limits the such, they require new per- solutions for the future: administrators who make possibilities to create more spectives, new tools, and new it’s about being aware of up your everyday world. You radical change. But educa- approaches. Design Thinking the world around you, talk with these people, you tors need to experiment, too, is one of them. believing that you play a role listen to them, you consider and Design Thinking is all in shaping that world, and how best to help them do about learning by doing. taking action toward a more good work. Design Think- desirable future. Design ing begins from this place of It’s Optimistic. Design Thinking gives you faith in deep empathy and builds on Thinking is the fundamental your creative abilities and the power of these empa- belief that we all can create a process to take action thetic questions and insights. change—no matter how through when faced with a big a problem, how little time difficult challenge. It’s Collaborative. Design or how small a budget. No Thinking requires conver- matter what constraints sation, critique and all-out exist around you, designing teamwork. And that’s some- can be an enjoyable process. thing that might be a bit of a shift, because despite the fact that educators are surrounded by people all day long, teaching remains an often solitary profession. Still, addressing complex (or even not-so-complex) chal- lenges benefits significantly from the views of multiple perspectives, and others’ cre- ativity bolstering your own.
  • 7. DT for Ed | Guide | p. 4 The design process is what It’s a deeply human approach puts Design Thinking into that relies on your ability action. It’s a structured to be intuitive, to interpret approach to generating and what you observe and to evolving ideas. Its five phases develop ideas that are emo- help navigate the develop- tionally meaningful to those ment from identifying a you are designing for—all design challenge to finding skills you are well versed in The Design and building a solution. as an educator. Process PhASeS dIsCOvEry IntErprEtatIOn IdEatIOn ExpErImEntatIOn EvOlutIOn I have a challenge. I learned something. I see an opportunity. I have an idea. I tried something new. How do I approach it? How do I interpret it? What do I create? How do I build it? How do I evolve it? Discovery builds a solid Interpretation transforms Ideation means generat- Experimentation brings Evolution is the develop- foundation for your ideas. your stories into mean- ing lots of ideas. Brain- your ideas to life. Building ment of your concept Creating meaningful ingful insights. Observa- storming encourages you prototypes means making over time. It involves plan- solutions for students, par- tions, field visits, or just a to think expansively ideas tangible, learning ning next steps, communi- ents, teachers, colleagues simple conversation can and without constraints. while building them, and cating the idea to people and administrators be great inspiration—but It’s often the wildest ideas sharing them with other who can help you realize begins with a deep under- finding meaning in that that spark visionary people. Even with early it, and documenting the standing for their needs. and turning it into action- thoughts. With careful and rough prototypes, process. Change often Discovery means opening able opportunities for preparation and a clear you can receive a direct happens over time, and up to new opportunities, design is not an easy task. set of rules, a brainstorm response and learn how reminders of even subtle and getting inspired to It involves storytelling, session can yield hun- to further improve and signs of progress are create new ideas. With the as well as sorting and dreds of fresh ideas. refine an idea. important. right preparation, this can condensing thoughts until be eye-opening and will you’ve found a compelling give you a good under- point of view and clear standing of your design direction for ideation. challenge.
  • 8. DT for Ed | Guide | p. 5 The design process may The design process therefore seem very straightforward integrates various modes at first glance, but there is of working: some steps are one important aspect to more reflective, others are understand: its real value hands-on, and some encour- lies in the mix of tangible age interactions with people problem solving and abstract outside of your team. To help thinking. The very concrete you know what to expect, One Thing observations of the first phase are abstracted as you define themes and insights. the following indicators will guide you through the meth- ods in the Toolkit section: to Keep Only after you have devel- oped a sense of meaning Reflective in Mind and direction do you develop Hands-On tangible solutions. What may seem like a detour in Interaction idea development ultimately makes your solutions much This design process can be more meaningful. applied in many forms. The following pages contain a It requires taking a step back variety of examples of how to reflect, analyze, evaluate, it has been used to create think again and then evolve. new, relevant solutions in an This takes time—a scarce educational context. resource—and can be chal- lenging, as educators are used to solving problems on the spot in their classrooms. But there are no shortcuts. The more abstract steps often feel The small, sometimes hidden, more intense, details often hold the keys to but pay off in solving complex challenges. the long run. ABSTRACT CONCReTe dIsCOvEry IntErprEtatIOn IdEatIOn ExpErImEntatIOn EvOlutIOn
  • 9. DT for Ed | Guide | p. 6 current students in the year Over the course of the follow- 2060. They imagined what ing school year, the teachers these people had done in tested many ideas in their their lives and careers. As a classes. One teacher devel- group, the teachers then cap- oped new communications tured the most interesting for parents. The technology themes and worked back- team built new tools to sup- ward to understand the skills port teachers in Investigative Case Study these people would have needed to develop as chil- dren to be successful. Armed Learning. Another teacher even received a grant to reno- vate a classroom and create Ormondale with this inspiration from their own experiences, the a different learning environ- ment for her students. They Elementary group then went to visit out- didn’t go it alone: to build side organizations that were a network of learning and facing analogous challenges. support, the staff dedicated School Through interpreting all this time in their weekly meetings information, the participants to discuss what was happen- came up with many genera- ing, learn from each other, tive questions, such as “how and help each other through might we enable the globally rough patches. aware student?” and “how might we provide opportuni- In their second year, the ties for interest-driven learn- group got back together ing?” The brainstorms that for a second workshop to followed started with ideas make sense of all the experi- about tools and classroom ments they had conducted design and expanded out around the school. During to include curriculum and this session, they shared and the educational system as a discussed their experiences, whole. Through prototyping created a typology of Investi- several of these ideas, the gative Learning methods, how might When the teachers and teachers saw a set of similar and developed a framework administrators at Ormondale patterns emerge across all for Investigative Learning we create elementary, a public K-3 school in California, wanted their prototypes: they were all passionate about a teach- standards and assessments. a 21st century to find ways to bring 21st ing and learning approach Today, the faculty at Ormon- that they called Investiga- dale elementary School are learning expe- century skills into their classrooms, they knew the tive Learning. This approach continuing to evolve their rience for challenge would take time and long-term commitment. would address students not as receivers of information, approach to Investigative Learning. As new teachers our students? They chose a year-long time- but as shapers of knowledge. join the school, other faculty frame and used the design At the end of the workshop, help them understand how process to get started. the teachers planned and to construct these experi- Find videos about committed to experiments ences, and they have created Investigative Learning During the summer, the based on this philosophy that a “Manual of Investigative at Ormondale at pvsd.net. teachers kicked off the proj- they could conduct in their Learning” to keep track of ect with a two-day Design classrooms. their philosophy and meth- Thinking workshop. The ods. They have gained sup- Discovery phase began with port from their school board, an activity that asked them and have become recognized to develop empathy for a as a “California Distinguished learner in the 21st century: School.” the exercise entailed teach- ers imagining one of their
  • 10. DT for Ed | Guide | p. 7 In 2010, the faculty at River- After several experiments dale Country School, an inde- with a few different collabo- pendent K-12 school in New ration tools, the Riverdale York, embarked on a design teachers now have an online project to encourage more platform for sharing lesson collaboration among teach- plans and activities as well ers. With three teachers lead- as creating meeting agendas ing the process as facilita- to save time. “It seems to Case Study tors, a group of 15 worked as a design team to take on the challenge. They started with be working for us. We’re shar- ing more as a team and we’ve freed up time to get more Riverdale observations and conversa- tions—not just in their own done in our meetings,” said one of the team members. Country School school, but also with analo- gous environments. Splitting And there’s still a lot more into three teams, they inter- happening: teachers at viewed employees at Sirius Riverdale were so energized XM, Consumer Reports and by Design Thinking that they IDeO—organizations that submitted ideas for several were noted for their team- design projects. In early work and collaboration. One 2011, they assembled a of the teacher-facilitators core team of five teachers to noted that this inspiration conduct a one-year project was important to the team: to revise the school’s pro- “It was really provocative. gram in character, conduct, We saw that people have very and ethics. Another team of different ways of managing teachers is helping to design their time and we developed a smooth transition for the a new awareness [of these new head of the elementary how might companies].” school. Teachers are using It was the prototyp- Design Thinking in their ing and feedback that we create a made me really see the value in this pro- Bringing this inspiration back on-site, the team dis- classrooms and are sharing their enthusiasm and ideas culture of col- cess. We have become a more effective team cussed their learnings and with their colleagues. The impact has expanded way laboration? that now shares ideas, clustered them into three resources and feedback themes: online tools, faculty beyond the initial design proj- on a regular basis. spaces and team-building ect and continues to spread. Michael, activities. They identified 1st Grade Teacher opportunities for design within these areas, and brain- stormed dozens of ideas. In smaller groups, they built dif- ferent prototypes, including an online collaboration tool to make faculty meetings more effective, a new faculty lounge, and potluck brunches to bring teachers together in casual settings.