SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 12
Mestrado em Engenharia Informática
 Métodos de aceleração
30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 2
 Começar com pequenas populações / testes
para eliminar rapidamente casos de
espécimes inapropriados e focar zonas
"interessantes"
 Usar apenas mutação
 Usar conhecimento específico do problema
para minimizar a possibilidade de espécimes
inapropriados
30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 3
 Backward experience replay
 (Lin 92)
 Shaping
 (Randløv & Alstrøm, 1998), (Selfridge et al., 1985),
(Matari´c, 1997), (Ng et al. 1999)
30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 4
 Boosting (Kearns 88)
 Can a set of weak learners create a single strong learner?
 Vários modelos ("aprendedores") "fracos"
 Adicionados com um peso associado
 Exemplos mal classificados tornam-se mais importantes
para o erro em cada iteração
 Bagging - Bootstrap aggregating: (Breiman 96)
 Selecciona aleatoriamente subconjuntos de dados,
 Treina com vários "aprendedores",
 Classifica por votação.
30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 5
 Termo de momento (momentum)
 Duas vezes na mesma direcção, acelera,
 Em direcções contrárias, trava (ou não é usado).
 Valor típico: 0.8
)( ,1,,,1 ijtijtijtijt wwww   


x
ijijt xw ,
 A mesma taxa de aprendizagem para todos os
pesos faz com que se mova com a mesma
“velocidade” em todas as direcções
 Solução: taxas de aprendizagem diferentes para
cada peso
 ALR (Adaptive Learning Rates):


x
ijijt xw , ijtijtijt www ,,,1  


x
ijijt xw , ijtijtijtijt www ,,,,1  













Ec
wwd
wwu
ijt
ijtijtijt
ijtijtijt
ijt
,
0,
0,
,
,,,
,,,
,
5.01
8.01
2.11



c
d
u
 (Whitehead 91)Whitehead, S. D. (1991). A
complexity analysis of cooperative mechanisms
in reinforcement learning. Proc. of the 9th
National Conf. on AI (AAAI-91), pp. 607–613.
 (Lin 92) Lin, L.-J. (1992). Self-improving reactive
agents based on reinforcement learning,
planning and teaching. Machine Learning, 8,
293–321.
 F. M. Silva and L. B. Almeida, "Acceleration
Techniques for the Backpropagation Algorithm",
in L. B. Almeida and C. J.Wellekens (eds.), Neural
Networks, Springer-Verlag, 1990.
30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 9
 Randløv, J., & Alstrøm, P. (1998). Learning to drive a
bicycle using reinforcement learning and shaping.
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on
Machine Learning (pp. 463.471).
 Selfridge, O., Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. G. (1985).Training
and tracking in robotics. Proceedings of the Ninth
International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence (pp.
670.672).
 Matari´c, M. (1997). Reinforcement learning in the
multirobot domain. Autonomous Robots, 4, 73.83.
 Ng, A., Harada, D., & Russell, S. (1999). Policy invariance
under reward transformations: theory and application to
reward shaping. Proceedings of the 16th International
Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 278.287).
30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 10
 (Kearns 88) Michael Kearns.Thoughts on
hypothesis boosting. Unpublished
manuscript. 1988
 (Schapire 90) Rob Schapire. Strength ofWeak
Learnability. Machine LearningVol. 5, pages
197-227. 1990
 (Breiman 96) Breiman, L., Bagging
Predictors, Machine Learning, 24(2), pp.123-
140, 1996.
30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 11
 Métodos de aceleração e melhoria de
resultados em Aprendizagem Supervisionada
e por Reforço
30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 12

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Destaque (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Mestrado em Eng Informática: Métodos Aceleração ML

  • 1. Mestrado em Engenharia Informática
  • 2.  Métodos de aceleração 30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 2
  • 3.  Começar com pequenas populações / testes para eliminar rapidamente casos de espécimes inapropriados e focar zonas "interessantes"  Usar apenas mutação  Usar conhecimento específico do problema para minimizar a possibilidade de espécimes inapropriados 30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 3
  • 4.  Backward experience replay  (Lin 92)  Shaping  (Randløv & Alstrøm, 1998), (Selfridge et al., 1985), (Matari´c, 1997), (Ng et al. 1999) 30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 4
  • 5.  Boosting (Kearns 88)  Can a set of weak learners create a single strong learner?  Vários modelos ("aprendedores") "fracos"  Adicionados com um peso associado  Exemplos mal classificados tornam-se mais importantes para o erro em cada iteração  Bagging - Bootstrap aggregating: (Breiman 96)  Selecciona aleatoriamente subconjuntos de dados,  Treina com vários "aprendedores",  Classifica por votação. 30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 5
  • 6.  Termo de momento (momentum)  Duas vezes na mesma direcção, acelera,  Em direcções contrárias, trava (ou não é usado).  Valor típico: 0.8 )( ,1,,,1 ijtijtijtijt wwww      x ijijt xw ,
  • 7.  A mesma taxa de aprendizagem para todos os pesos faz com que se mova com a mesma “velocidade” em todas as direcções  Solução: taxas de aprendizagem diferentes para cada peso
  • 8.  ALR (Adaptive Learning Rates):   x ijijt xw , ijtijtijt www ,,,1     x ijijt xw , ijtijtijtijt www ,,,,1                Ec wwd wwu ijt ijtijtijt ijtijtijt ijt , 0, 0, , ,,, ,,, , 5.01 8.01 2.11    c d u
  • 9.  (Whitehead 91)Whitehead, S. D. (1991). A complexity analysis of cooperative mechanisms in reinforcement learning. Proc. of the 9th National Conf. on AI (AAAI-91), pp. 607–613.  (Lin 92) Lin, L.-J. (1992). Self-improving reactive agents based on reinforcement learning, planning and teaching. Machine Learning, 8, 293–321.  F. M. Silva and L. B. Almeida, "Acceleration Techniques for the Backpropagation Algorithm", in L. B. Almeida and C. J.Wellekens (eds.), Neural Networks, Springer-Verlag, 1990. 30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 9
  • 10.  Randløv, J., & Alstrøm, P. (1998). Learning to drive a bicycle using reinforcement learning and shaping. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 463.471).  Selfridge, O., Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. G. (1985).Training and tracking in robotics. Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence (pp. 670.672).  Matari´c, M. (1997). Reinforcement learning in the multirobot domain. Autonomous Robots, 4, 73.83.  Ng, A., Harada, D., & Russell, S. (1999). Policy invariance under reward transformations: theory and application to reward shaping. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 278.287). 30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 10
  • 11.  (Kearns 88) Michael Kearns.Thoughts on hypothesis boosting. Unpublished manuscript. 1988  (Schapire 90) Rob Schapire. Strength ofWeak Learnability. Machine LearningVol. 5, pages 197-227. 1990  (Breiman 96) Breiman, L., Bagging Predictors, Machine Learning, 24(2), pp.123- 140, 1996. 30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 11
  • 12.  Métodos de aceleração e melhoria de resultados em Aprendizagem Supervisionada e por Reforço 30/01/2015 Aprendizagem Automática / Machine Learning 12