Krakatoa
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•3,956 views
Images of volcano Krakatoa and explanation of vulcanism
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to Krakatoa
Similar to Krakatoa (20)
More from Richard Junker
Krakatoa
- 1. Krakatoa and its Impact on Today’s World Richard Junker Toastmasters of Brandon January 31, 2012 All About Krakatoa Where is Krakatoa? Before and After Images How Volcanoes Work Will Krakatoa Rock the World Again? Atmospheric Effects Krakatoa Plate Tectonics
- 2. Where is Krakatoa? 2 No vacation cruises to Krakatoa! 1/31/2012
- 3. Where is Krakatoa? 3 West of Java 1/31/2012
- 4. Where is Krakatoa? 4 Note the hole in the lower island 1/31/2012
- 5. Before and After the Blow 5 Images: https://www.google.com/search?q=krakatoa&hl=en&rlz=1T4 GGHP_enUS451US451&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&sou rce=univ&sa=X&ei=NzwkT72sMOiQsAKFzaiMAg&ved=0CE8 QsAQ&biw=1920&bih=901 1/31/2012
- 6. Before and After the Blow 6 • During the eruption, Perboewatan, Danan, and the northern half of Rakata appear to have collapsed into the vacating magma chamber, thus forming a submarine caldera and destroying the northern two-thirds of the island. Eruptions since 1927 have built a new cone called Anak Krakatau ("child of Krakatau") in the center of the 1883 caldera. How Volcanoes Work http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Krakatau.html 1/31/2012
- 7. Will Krakatoa rock the world again? 7 Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1203028/Will-Krakatoa-rock-world-Last- time-killed-thousands-changed-weather-years-deadlier.html#ixzz1kmQmCIQA http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1203028/Will-Krakatoa-rock-world-Last-time-killed- thousands-changed-weather-years-deadlier.html 1/31/2012
- 8. Anak Son of Krakatoa 8 Krakatoa Erupts up Close!!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JmPuy- pqIQE&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL 1/31/2012
- 9. How Volcanoes Work 9 TEPHRA AND PYROCLASTIC Rocks The rapid eruption of expanding gases results in the obliteration and fragmentation of magma and rock. The greater the explosivity, the greater the amount of fragmentation. Individual eruptive fragments are called pyroclasts ("fire fragments"). Tephra (Greek, for ash) is a generic term for any airborne pyroclastic accumulation. Whereas tephra is unconsolidated, a pyroclastic rock is produced from the consolidation of pyroclastic accumulations into a coherent rock type. http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Tephra.html 1/31/2012
- 10. ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS 10 The painting shown here is a sunset captured by the artist William Ascroft on the banks of the River Thames in London, on November 26, 1883 (Courtesy of Peter Francis). 1/31/2012
- 11. ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS 11 With its dramatic red sky, Edvard Munch's The Scream is renowned as a depiction of despair. Less well known is the fact that the Norwegian artist was merely recreating what he saw in Oslo in 1883. Professor Olson's team found that the eruption of Mount Krakatoa in Indonesia led to a series of sunsets in Norway which made the sky seem ablaze.
- 12. Krakatoa Plate Tectonics 12 Windows to the Universe http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1203028/Will- Krakatoa-rock-world-Last-time-killed-thousands-changed- weather-years-deadlier.html#ixzz1kmQmCIQA 1/31/2012
- 13. Conclusion: Why Krakatoa Matters 13 Volcanism is a prime driver of climate change, a force that has redefined history throughout the world Krakatoa drove the decline of the Dutch’s colonial dominion over Indonesia and the pervasiveness of Islam. Citizens judged Krakatoa to be Allah’s justice for the iniquities the Dutch rulers inflicted on them. Scientific understanding of the globe exploded post- Krakatoa, e.g., Plate Tectonics, Geological Drift, Jet Stream To understand the science of the volcano is to marvel at the creation and the capacity of the collective mind to unravel its mysteries We need to grow our scientific maturity to be fully functioning citizens of the world 1/31/2012
- 14. Bibliography 14 Krakatoa--The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883 by Simon Winchester http://www.amazon.com/Krakatoa-World- Exploded-August-1883/dp/0066212855 Selected by How Volcanoes Work Scientific http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_American as one of volcanoes_work/index.htm the top 50 sci/tech sites for 2004 ANALYSIS AIR DATE: April 16, 2010 'Krakatoa' Author on Iceland Volcano's Parallels With Eruptions Past--Video http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/weather/jan- june10/volcano2_04-16.html 1/31/2012
Editor's Notes
- During the eruption, Perboewatan, Danan, and the northern half of Rakata appear to have collapsed into the vacating magma chamber, thus forming a submarine caldera and destroying the northern two-thirds of the island. Some workers, however, have argued for an alternative to the caldron-collapse model, and instead have suggested that the caldera formed by explosive destruction of the island, and the reaming out of the pre-eruption edifice. Eruptions since 1927 have built a new cone called Anak Krakatau ("child of Krakatau") in the center of the 1883 caldera.
- Marco Fulle, 51, from Trieste, Italy, these images last month. A scientist, astronomer and volcano expert, Fulle has photographed comets and volcanoes for years. Having spent months building up his portfolio of images, Fulle was uniquely placed to capture the fury and terror of this giant's reawakening.'These volcanoes repeat explosions like that of 1883 many times during their life,' he says. 'The common opinion is that Krakatoa will again become really dangerous when it reaches the size it had been in 1883. It was two-times taller than now.'
- On December 29, 1927, a group of Javanese fisherman who were startled by steam and debris belching from the sea above the collapsed caldera, thus marking the reawakening of Krakatau after 44 years of calm. The activity continued, and on January 26, 1928 the rim of a basaltic scoria cone first appeared above sea level. A year later, it had grown into a small island which was quickly dubbed Anak("Child of") Krakatau.10/23/07 This was a day after the first eruptions and we were on our way out of the Caldera. We thought we would go a little closer to get some video in better light and no rain or lighting as there was the first morning. Just as we got within a mile or so she let lose with an eruption that shook the boat and you felt in your chest...
- THE CATACLYSMIC EVENTS OF AUGUST 26-27After reawakening on May 20, 1883, Krakatau generated mild detonations from Perboewatan throughout May and June. By mid-June the summit crater of Perboewatan had been largely destroyed and the cite of eruption widened to include several new vents near Danan. By mid-July, banks of pumice were common features found floating in the Sunda Straits. However, some of the earliest tephra was basaltic, indicating that recharge of basalt magmas into the magma chamber beneath Krakatau may well have played a role in the initiation of these early eruptions.Sunday, August 26. At 12:53 p.m., Krakatau delivered the opening salvo to a climactic eruption that would last throughout the evening of August 27. The initial blast generated an ear-shattering fusillade accompanied by a black churning cloud of volcanic debris that rose quickly to 25 km above the island. Over the next several hours, it would widen dramatically to the northeast, rising to a height of at least 36 km. The intensity of the eruptions increased throughout Sunday, frightening the coastal communities of western Sumatra, western Java, and adjacent islands. Later in the day, these villages would be battered by a series of devasting tsunamis generated by pyroclastic flows plunging into the sea. The worst was yet to come.Monday, August 27. This frightening display of volcanic power would culminate in a series of at least four stupendous eruptions that began at 5:30 a.m., climaxing in a colossal blast that literally blew Krakatau apart. The noise was heard over 4600 km away, throughout the Indian Ocean, from Rodriguez Island and Sri Lanka in the west, to Australia in the east. Two-thirds of the island collapsed beneath the sea into the underlying, partially vacated magma chamber. About 23 square kilometers of the island, including all of Perboewatan and Danan, subsided into a calderaabout 6 km across. At an original height of 450 m, Danan had collapsed to depth of 250 m below seal evel.ENORMOUS SEA WAVESThe cataclysmic blasts of August 27 generated mountainous tsunamis, up to 40 m tall, that ravaged coastlines across the Sunda Straits. Many of the closest islands were completely submerged. After first being overwhelmed by massive pyroclastic flows (see below), Sebesi Island northeast of Krakatau, was innudated by mammoth sea waves. These tsunami stripped away all vegetation, washed ~3000 people out to sea, and destroyed all signs of human occupation. Although located at seemingly safe distance, 80 km east of the Sunda Straits, the low-lying Thousand Islands were buried by at least 2 m of seawater and their inhabitants had to save themselves by climbing trees.Eyewitness accounts of the massive waves came from passengers of the Loudon, who survived the barrage only through the heroic efforts of its Captain Lindemann. The ship was anchored in Lampong Bay, near the village of TelokBetong when the first of several waves arrived on Monday morning:
- Tephra from the eruption fell as far as 2,500 km downwind in the days following the eruption. However, the finest fragments were propelled high into the stratosphere, spreading outward as a broad cloud across the entire equatorial belt in only two weeks. These particles would remain suspended in the atmosphere for years, propagating farther to the north and south before finally dissipating.The stratospheric cloud of dust also contained large volumes of sulfur dioxide gas emitted from Krakatau. These gas molecules rapidly combined with water vapor to generate sulfuric acid droplets in the high atmosphere. The resulting veil of acidic aerosols and volcanic dust provided an atmospheric shield capable of reflected enough sunlight to cause global temperatures to drop by several degrees. This aerosol-rich veil also generated spectacular optical effects over 70% of the earth's surface. For several years after the 1883 eruption, the earth experienced exotic colors in the sky, halos around the sun and moon, and a spectacular array of anomalous sunsets and sunrises. Artists were fascinated by these aerial displays and captured them on canvas. The painting shown here is one such sunset captured by the artitst William Ascroft on the banks of the River Thames in London, on November 26, 1883 (Courtesy of Peter Francis).
- ART; 'The Scream,' East of KrakatoaBy RICHARD PANEKPublished: February 08, 2004Sign In to E-MailPrintSO, the blood-red sky in ''The Scream'' might not have been a pigment of Edvard Munch's imagination after all.Three researchers report in the February issue of Sky & Telescope that it would have been the color Munch saw as he took a sunset stroll along the Ljabrochausseen road (now Mosseveien) in the port city of Christiania (now Oslo) in late 1883 or early 1884. At that time the detritus from the eruption of the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa, on Aug. 27, 1883, had just reached Norway.