Esta palestra apresentará as funcionalidades disponibilizadas pelo framework web Ruby on Rails desde sua primeira versão até o Rails 4. Serão apresentadas as evoluções mais significativas de cada release e as principais características do Rails 4. Ruby on Rails tem se tornado cada vez mais popular e ganhado mais adeptos. Sempre ouço comentários de desenvolvedores de outras tecnologias que desejam conhecer melhor o framework, seja para implementar projetos pessoais ou mesmo dar um novo rumo na vida profissional. Acredito que uma apresentação das evoluções implementas nesta tecnologia permitirá que muitos desenvolvedores e entusiatas obtenham um conhecimento básico, o que facilitará seus estudos posteriores permitindo que possam aprofundar mais em cada tópico coberto na palestra. A palestra não tem o objetivo de entrar em detalhes técnicos das implementações, mas sim explicar e, sempre que possível exemplificar, o que passou a ser possível de ser implementado após cada release.

1. Um roadmap do
Framework Ruby on Rails
do Rails 1 ao Rails 4
João Lucas Pereira de Santana

2. Apresentação
João Lucas Pereira de Santana
twitter | github | fb | gtalk: @jlucasps
Ciência da Computação pela UFLA
Desenvolvedor Ruby, Java, JavaScript
Instrutor Ruby on Rails
@jlucasps
#devday2013

3. Agenda
➔ Rails Full Stack - Request/Responder
➔ Primeira versão
◆ Active Support, Active Record, Action Pack, Action
Mailer
➔ Rails 2
➔ Rails 3
➔ Rails 4
@jlucasps
#devday2013

4. Rails Full Stack
➔ Origem
◆ David Heinemeier Hansson
@jlucasps
#devday2013

5. Rails Full Stack
➔ Rails Core Team
Jeremy Kemper
Michael Koziarski
Yehuda Katz
José Valim
Santiago Pastorino
Aaron Patterson
Xavier Noria
Jon Leighton
Rafael França
Andrew White
Guillermo Iguaran
Carlos Antonio
@jlucasps
#devday2013

6. Rails Full Stack
➔ Framework MVC para desenvolvimento Web
Session
Helpers
Logs
Testes
Middleware
Controller
Connections
Validations
Queries
Callbacks
Migrations
@jlucasps
Responders
Routes
Renders
Assets
Associations
Testes
HTTP/SSL
Helpers
Model
View
Builders
Testes
Templates
Partials
#devday2013

7. Rails Full Stack
request
Web Server
App Server
Rails
Controller
Model
View
response
@jlucasps
#devday2013

8. Rails Full Stack
REQUEST:
GET http://myapp.com/users/2/lists
ACCEPTED: passado para o App Server
Web Server
App Server
Request passado para o Rails
Rails
Controller
Model
@jlucasps
View
#devday2013

9. Rails Full Stack
Rails
Router
Controller
Model
@jlucasps
View
#devday2013

10. Rails Full Stack
Router
user_lists GET
/users/:user_id/lists(.:format)
lists#index
Controller e Action selecionadas:
GET /users/2/lists
CONTROLLER: "lists"
ACTION: "index"
NOME DA ROTA: "user_lists"
@jlucasps
#devday2013

11. Rails Full Stack
Controller
Rails
Router
index
new
create
update
Controller
Model
destroy
........
View
GET /users/2/lists
CONTROLLER: "lists"
ACTION: "index"
@jlucasps
ListsController
Model
View
#devday2013

12. Rails Full Stack
Model
@user = User.find(params[:user_id])
@lists = List.find_all_by_user_id(params[:user_id])
ListsController
index
new
User
Model
Active
Record
tabela 'users'
create
Banco de dados
update
@jlucasps
destroy
........
List
Model
Active
Record
tabela 'lists'
#devday2013

13. Rails Full Stack
REQUEST:
GET http://myapp.com/users/2/lists
ACCEPTED: passado para o App Server
Web Server
REQUEST passado para o Rails
App Server
Router
CONTROLLER recupera informações
dos MODELS para suprir a VIEW
Rails
PATH e METHOD mapeados para
CONTROLLER e ACTION
Controller
action
Model
@jlucasps
action
action
View
#devday2013

14. Rails Full Stack
View
Request Headers
Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml
ListsController
index
View
@vars
@vars
update
app/views/lists/index.html.erb
.html
.html
app/views/lists/update.html.erb
edit
..........
@jlucasps
#devday2013

15. Rails Full Stack
HTTP Response
@jlucasps
#devday2013

16. Rails Full Stack
REQUEST:
GET http://myapp.com/users/2/lists
ACCEPTED: passado para o App Server
Web Server
REQUEST passado para o Rails
App Server
Router
CONTROLLER recupera informações
dos MODELS para suprir a VIEW
VIEW cria a resposta para o RESPONSE
BODY
@jlucasps
Rails
PATH e METHOD mapeados para
CONTROLLER e ACTION
Controller
action
Model
action
action
View
#devday2013

17. Rails Full Stack
RESPONSE recebida :-)
RESPONSE é retornada para o browser
Web Server
RESPONSE volta através do middleware
stack
App Server
Rails
Router
VIEW cria a resposta para o RESPONSE
BODY
@jlucasps
Controller
action
Model
action
action
View
#devday2013

18. Rails Full Stack
Response
@jlucasps
#devday2013

19. rails-0.10.0
➔ Inflectors
SingularToPlural = {
"search"
=> "searches",
"category" => "categories",
"wife"
=> "wives",
"series"
=> "series"
}
CamelToUnderscore = {
"Product"
=> "product",
"SpecialGuest"
=> "special_guest"
}
CamelWithModuleToUnderscoreWithSlash = {
"Admin::Product" => "admin/product",
"UsersSection::CommissionDepartment" => "users_section/commission_department"
}
ClassNameToForeignKeyWithUnderscore = {
"Person" => "person_id",
"MyApplication::Billing::Account" => "account_id"
}
ClassNameToTableName = {
"PrimarySpokesman" => "primary_spokesmen",
"NodeChild"
=> "node_children"
}
@jlucasps
#devday2013

20. rails-0.10.0
➔ Breakpoints
[0, 9] in
/media/truecrypt1/rails4chat/app/controllers/pages_controller.rb
1 class PagesController < ApplicationController
2
3 def index
4
debugger
=> 5
@messages = Message.limit(20)
6 end
7
8 end
(rdb:1) params
{"controller"=>"pages", "action"=>"index"}
(rdb:1)
@jlucasps
#devday2013

21. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_support core_ext
◆ Time
# Calculations
assert_equal Time.local(2006,2,22,15,15,10), Time.local(2005,2,22,15,15,10).change(:year
=> 2006)
assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,9), Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,10).ago(1)
assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,20,10,10,10), Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,10).ago(86400*2)
assert_equal Time.local(2005,1,31), Time.local(2005,2,4,10,10,10).beginning_of_week
assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,4,0,0,0), Time.local(2005,2,4,10,10,10).beginning_of_day
# Conversions
assert_equal "February 21, 2005 17:44", Time.local(2005, 2, 21, 17, 44, 30).to_s(:long)
assert_equal Date.new(2005, 2, 21), Time.local(2005, 2, 21, 17, 44, 30).to_date
@jlucasps
#devday2013

22. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_support core_ext
◆ Numeric
# byte calculations
1024.kilobytes =>
1.kilobyte ** 4 =>
1.megabyte
1.terabyte
time calculations
1.minute
=> 60
1.hour + 15.minutes => 4500
2.days + 4.hours + 30.minutes => 189000
@jlucasps
#devday2013

23. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_support core_ext
◆ Hash
# hash
# stringify_keys, symbolize_keys e indifferent_access
strings = { 'a' => 1, 'b' => 2 }
symbols = { :a => 1, :b => 2 }
mixed
@jlucasps
= { :a => 1, 'b' => 2 }
#devday2013

24. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_support core_ext
◆ Date
# Getting dates in different convenient string representations and other
objects
assert_equal "21 Feb",
Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_s(:short)
assert_equal "February 21, 2005", Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_s(:long)
# to_time
assert_equal Time.local(2005, 2, 21), Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_time
# to_date
assert_equal Date.new(2005, 2, 21), Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_date
@jlucasps
#devday2013

25. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ connections:
● db2, mysql, oracle, postgresql, sqlite, sqlite3,
sqlserver
◆ mapping:
table "products"
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
end
@jlucasps
#devday2013

26. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ associations:
class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many
has_one
:clients
:account
belongs_to :conglomorate
has_and_belongs_to_many :investors
end
# natural assignments:
apple.account = citibank
assert_equal apple.id, citibank.firm_id
@jlucasps
#devday2013

27. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ validations:
# Validation rules that can differ for new or existing objects
class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_presence_of
:subdomain, :name, :email_address, :
password
validates_uniqueness_of
:subdomain
validates_acceptance_of
:terms_of_service, :on => :create
validates_confirmation_of :password, :email_address, :on => :
create
end
@jlucasps
#devday2013

28. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ callbacks:
# Callbacks as methods or queues on the entire lifecycle
# (instantiation, saving, destroying, validating, etc).
:after_find, :after_initialize, :before_validation
:before_validation_on_update, :after_validation
:after_validation_on_update, :before_save
:before_update, :after_update, :after_save
:before_destroy, :after_destroy
@jlucasps
#devday2013

29. rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ find and dynamic methods
# finds
Firm.find(1, 2)
Company.find_first "name = 'Next Angle'"
Firm.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM companies WHERE id = 1").first
Topic.find(1, :conditions => "approved = 1")
Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic")
Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "David")
Topic.find_all_by_content("Have a nice day")
# dynamic methods
next_angle.clients.find(2)
next_angle.clients.empty?
next_angle.clients.size
@jlucasps
#devday2013

30. rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ action_controller:
BlogController < ActionController::Base
def show
@customer = find_customer
end
private
def find_customer() Customer.find(@params["id"]) end
end
@jlucasps
#devday2013

31. rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ filters:
class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
before_filter :authenticate, :cache, :audit
after_filter { |c| c.response.body = GZip::compress(c.response.body) }
end
@jlucasps
#devday2013

32. rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ layouts:
class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
layout "weblog_layout"
def hello_world
end
end
@jlucasps
#devday2013

33. rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ scaffold:
require 'account' # must be an Active Record class
class AccountController < ActionController::Base
scaffold :account
end
# templates: list, show, destroy, new, create, edit, update
@jlucasps
#devday2013

34. rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ advanced redirection
# Advanced redirection that makes pretty urls easy:
RewriteRule ^/library/books/([A-Z]+)([0-9]+)/([-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)$
/books_controller.cgi?action=$3&type=$1&code=$2 [QSA] [L]
# Accessing /library/books/ISBN/0743536703/show calls BooksController#show
@jlucasps
#devday2013

35. rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ action view:
<!-- Embedded Ruby for templates: -->
<% for post in @posts %>
Title: <%= post.title %>
<% end %>
<!-- Helpers for forms, dates, action links, and text: -->
<%= text_field "post", "title", "size" => 30 %>
<%= html_date_select(Date.today) %>
<%= link_to "New post", :controller => "post", :action => "new" %>
<%= truncate(post.title, 25) %>
@jlucasps
#devday2013

36. rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ action view:
<!-- Form building for Active Record model objects: -->
<%= form "post" %>
<!-- This form generates a @params["post"] array that can be used directly in a
save action
<!-- Rendering shared partials: -->
<%= render_partial "advertisement/ad", ad %>
@jlucasps
#devday2013

37. rails-0.10.0
➔ action_mailer
def signed_up(recipient)
@recipients
= recipient
@subject
= "[Signed up] Welcome #{recipient}"
@from
= "system@loudthinking.com"
@sent_on
= Time.local(2004, 12, 12)
@body["recipient"] = recipient
end
ApplicationMailer.deliver_signed_up("david@loudthinking.com") # sends the
email
@jlucasps
#devday2013

38. rails-0.11.0
➔ active_support
◆ string to date and time:
assert_equal Time.utc(2005, 2, 27, 23, 50), "2005-02-27 23:50".to_time
assert_equal Date.new(2005, 2, 27), "2005-02-27".to_date
➔ action_pack
◆ ajax
➔ action_mailer
◆ incoming mails
@jlucasps
#devday2013

39. rails-0.12.0
➔ Eager associations
➔ new Base.find API
➔ more Ajax!
# Turning N+1 queries into 1
for post in Post.find(:all, :include => [ :author, :comments ])
puts "Post:
" + post.title
puts "Written by:
" + post.author.name
puts "Last comment on: " + post.comments.first.created_on
end
Person.find(1, :conditions =>"administrator = 1", :order =>"created_on DESC")
Person.find(1, 5, 6, :conditions =>"administrator = 1", :order =>"created_on DESC")
Person.find(:first, :order =>"created_on DESC", :offset => 5)
Person.find(:all, :conditions => [ "category IN (?)", categories], :limit => 50)
Person.find(:all, :offset => 10, :limit => 10)
@jlucasps
#devday2013

40. rails-0.13.0
➔ script.aculo.us
➔ ajax
# remote link:
link_to_remote(
"test",
:url => { :action =>"faulty" },
:update => { :success =>"good", :failure =>"bad" },
403 =>"alert('Forbidden- got ya!')",
404 =>"alert('Nothing there...?')",
:failure =>"alert('Unkown error ' + request.status)"
)
@jlucasps
#devday2013

41. rails-0.13.0
➔ Migrations for PostgreSQL and MySQL
➔ Rendering: One method to bind them all
➔ Named routes
map.home '', :controller => 'main', :action => 'start'
redirect_to :controller => 'main', :action => 'start'
# above route is now redirect_to :home_url
➔ Coditional validations
validates_numericality_of :income, :if => :employed?
validates_presence_of :username, :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step
>1}
@jlucasps
#devday2013

42. rails-1.1.0
➔ RJS: JavaScript written in Ruby
➔ Polymorphic associations
class Address < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :addressable, :polymorphic => true
end
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
has_one :address, :as => :addressable
end
class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
has_one :address, :as => :addressable
end
@jlucasps
#devday2013

43. rails-1.1.0
➔ calculations:
◆ sum, average, count, max
➔ Eager loading
# Single database query:
companies = Company.find(:all, :include => { :groups => { :members=> { :
favorites } } })
# Just 1 database query for all of this:
authors = Author.find(:all, :include => [ { :posts => :comments }, :
categorizations ])
authors[0].posts[0].comments[0].body # => "Rock on Rails!"
authors[0].categorizations[0].name
@jlucasps
# => "Less software"
#devday2013

44. rails-1.2
➔ respond_to e format
class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
def index
@posts = Post.find :all
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.xml { render :xml => @posts.to_xml }
format.rss { render :action => “feed.rxml” }
end
end
end
GET /weblog # returns HTML from browser Accept header
GET /weblog.xml # returns the XML
GET /weblog.rss # returns the RSS
@jlucasps
#devday2013

45. rails-2
➔ action_pack:
◆ resources e collection resources
◆ multiview (show.html.erb, show.js.erb)
◆ CRSF token
◆ record identification:
# person is a Person object, which by convention will
# be mapped to person_url for lookup
redirect_to(person)
link_to(person.name, person)
form_for(person)
@jlucasps
#devday2013

46. rails-2.3
➔ nested_attributes
class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
has_one :author
has_many :pages
accepts_nested_attributes_for :author, :pages
end
➔ find with having
developers = Developer.find(:all, :group => "salary", :having => "sum(salary)
> 10000", :select => "salary")
@jlucasps
#devday2013

47. rails-3
➔ Bundler and Gemfile
➔ New ActiveRecord query engine:
users = User.where(:name => "david").limit(20)
users.order(:name).each { |user| puts user.name }
➔ Agnosticism with jQuery, rSpec, and Data
Mapper:
◆ DataMapper -> Active Record
◆ Query -> Prototype
◆ Spec -> test/unit
@jlucasps
#devday2013

48. rails-3.1
➔ AssetPipeline:
◆ Sprockets, SCSS, CoffeeScript
➔ JQuery by default
➔ Reversible migrations
@jlucasps
#devday2013

49. rails-3.2
➔ critical security fixies:
◆ CVE-2012-5664
◆ CVE-2013-0155
◆ CVE-2013-0156
◆ CVE-2013-0333
➔ Vendor plugins -> gems
➔ Faster dev mode e routing
@jlucasps
#devday2013

50. rails-4
➔ Turbolinks
➔ Live streaming
➔ ActiveModel::Model
◆ validations, accessors, no persistence
➔ Deprecate routes by match
➔ Concerns routes
concern :commentable do
resources :comments
end
resources :articles, concerns: :commentable
resources :photos, concerns: :commentable
@jlucasps
#devday2013

51. rails-4
➔ Mass assignment protection from Models to
Controllers
class MessagesController < ApplicationController
def create
@message = Message.new(message_params)
@message.user = current_user
@message.save
end
private
def message_params
params.require(:message).permit(:content)
end
end
@jlucasps
#devday2013

52. Muito obrigado!
Um roadmap do Framework Ruby on
Rails
do Rails 1 ao Rails 4
João Lucas Pereira de Santana
@jlucasps