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Making Comparisons in English
Prof. Cleiner Gouveia
Degrees of Adjectives
 Divided into 2 degrees:
COMPARATIVE: equality
inferiority
superiority
SUPERLATIVE: inferiority
superiority
COMPARATIVE OF EQUALITY
 AS adjective AS
tão quanto
Ele é tão alto quanto ela.
HE IS AS TALL AS SHE.(is)
HER.
Ele não é tão bom quanto nós.
HE ISN’T AS GOOD AS WE/US.
SOSO GOOD ASAS WE/US.
COMPARATIVE OF INFERIORITY
 LESS adjective THAN
menos do que
Este carro é menos caro do que aquele.
THIS CAR IS LESS EXPENSIVE THAN THAT ONE.
Você é menos baixo do que ele.
YOU ARE LESS SHORT THAN HE/ HIM.
COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
 For all adjectives with one syllable
 For adjectives with two syllables
which end in OW, ER, LE, Y
(adjective + ER) THAN
mais do que
John é mais rico do que Paul.
JOHN IS RICHER THAN PAUL.
COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
Hoje está mais quente do que ontem.
TODAY IS HOTTTER THAN YESTERDAY.
Susan era mais bonita do que Betty.
SUSAN WAS PRETTIIER THAN BETTY.
Hoje o céu está mais cinzento do que
ontem.
TODAY THE SKY IS GREYER THAN
YESTERDAY.
COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
 COLD → COLDER
 BIG → BIGGGER
 LARGE → LARGER
 NARROW → NARROWER
 SHALLOW → SHALLOWER
 CLEVER → CLEVERER
 GENTLE → GENTLER
 CHARMING → CHARMINGER??
COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
 WATCH OUT
LITTLE LESS FEW FEWER
Ele gasta menos dinheiro do que você.
He spends LESS money THAN you.
Eles lêem menos livros do que nós.
They read FEWER books THAN we.
COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
 For adjectives with two syllables
(NOT ENDING IN OW, ER, LE, Y,
US)
 For adjectives with more than two
syllables
MORE adjective THAN
mais do que
COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
O livro é mais interessante do que o
filme.
THE BOOK IS MORE INTERESTING
THAN THE FILM.
Seu irmão é mais bonito do que John.
YOUR BROTHER IS MORE HANDSOME
THAN JOHN.
COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
SPECIAL CASES
ADJECTIVES Comparative of superiority
GOOD → BETTER THAN
BAD → WORSE THAN
FAR → FARTHER THAN
FURTHER THAN
EXERCISES
 Put into English:
1. Meu livro é tão novo quanto o seu. (new)
 My book is as new as yours.
2. Patty não é tão jovem quanto você. (young)
 Patty isn’t so young as you.
3. Essa mala está menos pesada do que aquela.
(heavy)
 This bag is less heavy than that one.
EXERCISES
4. Você é mais esperto do que eles. (smart)
 You are smarter than they.
5. Esta rua é mais larga do que aquela. (wide)
 This street is larger than that one.
6. O livro é mais chato do que o filme. (boring)
 The book is more boring than the movie.
7. Esta lição é melhor do que aquela. (good)
 This lesson is better that that one.
SUPERLATIVE OF INFERIORITY
 The least adjective
O,A(s) menos
Este carro é o menos caro da agência.
THIS CAR IS THE LEAST EXPENSIVE OF THE
AGENCY.
Você é o menos baixo na sala de aula.
YOU ARE THE LEAST SHORT IN THE
CLASSROOM.
SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
 For all adjectives with one syllable
 For adjectives with two syllables which
end in OW, ER, LE, Y
THE (adjective + EST)
O,A,(s) mais
John é o cara mais rico da cidade.
JOHN IS THE RICHEST GUY OF THE CITY.
SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
Ontem foi o dia mais quente da semana.
YESTERDAY WAS THE HOTTTESTEST DAY OF THE
WEEK.
Este é o exercício mais fácil do livro.
THIS IS THE EASIEST EXERCISE OF THE
BOOK.
Você é o mais esperto na sua turma?
ARE YOU THE SMARTEST IN YOUR GROUP?
SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
 COLD → COLDEST
 BIG → BIGGGEST
 LARGE → LARGEST
 NARROW → NARROWEST
 SHALLOW → SHALLOWEST
 CLEVER → CLEVEREST
 GENTLE → GENTLEST
 PRETTY → PRETTIIEST
SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
 For adjectives with two syllables (NOT
ENDING IN OW, ER, LE, Y)
 For adjectives with more than two
syllables
THE MOST adjective
O,A,(s) mais
SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
Michel é o mais hábil na computação de
dados.
MICHEL IS THE MOST SKILLFUL AT DATA
COMPUTING.
Ele é o motorista mais descuidado que eu
conheço.
HE IS THE MOST CARELESS DRIVER THAT
I’VE EVER KNOWN.
SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY
SPECIAL CASES
ADJECTIVES Superlative of superiority
GOOD → THE BEST
BAD → THE WORST
FAR → THE FARTHEST
THE FURTHEST
Degrees of Adjectives
 GRADUAL INCREASE
It’s formed by repeating twice
the adjective in the comparative of
superiority
cada vez mais frio = Colder and colder
cada vez mais famoso= More and more
famous
GRADUAL INCREASE
Eles estão ficando cada vez mais gordos.
They are getting fatter and fatter.
Isto está se tornando cada vez mais
interessante.
This is becoming more and more
interesting.
Degrees of Adjectives
 PARALLEL INCREASE
It’s formed by using the article THE and
the adjectives in the comparative of
superiority
Quanto mais pesado, mais caro
The heavier, the more expensive
PARALLEL INCREASE
Ele disse que quanto mais cedo, melhor.
He said that the earlier, the better.
Quanto mais leve, mais rápido.
The lighter, the faster.
Quanto mais famoso, mais difícil de ver.
The more famous, the more difficult it’s
to see.
Link para Download dessa
apresentação:
http://www.sjose.com.br/download/mal
ice/Degrees%20of%20Adjectives.ppt

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Degrees of adjectives

  • 1. Making Comparisons in English Prof. Cleiner Gouveia
  • 2. Degrees of Adjectives  Divided into 2 degrees: COMPARATIVE: equality inferiority superiority SUPERLATIVE: inferiority superiority
  • 3. COMPARATIVE OF EQUALITY  AS adjective AS tão quanto Ele é tão alto quanto ela. HE IS AS TALL AS SHE.(is) HER. Ele não é tão bom quanto nós. HE ISN’T AS GOOD AS WE/US. SOSO GOOD ASAS WE/US.
  • 4. COMPARATIVE OF INFERIORITY  LESS adjective THAN menos do que Este carro é menos caro do que aquele. THIS CAR IS LESS EXPENSIVE THAN THAT ONE. Você é menos baixo do que ele. YOU ARE LESS SHORT THAN HE/ HIM.
  • 5. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY  For all adjectives with one syllable  For adjectives with two syllables which end in OW, ER, LE, Y (adjective + ER) THAN mais do que John é mais rico do que Paul. JOHN IS RICHER THAN PAUL.
  • 6. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY Hoje está mais quente do que ontem. TODAY IS HOTTTER THAN YESTERDAY. Susan era mais bonita do que Betty. SUSAN WAS PRETTIIER THAN BETTY. Hoje o céu está mais cinzento do que ontem. TODAY THE SKY IS GREYER THAN YESTERDAY.
  • 7. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY  COLD → COLDER  BIG → BIGGGER  LARGE → LARGER  NARROW → NARROWER  SHALLOW → SHALLOWER  CLEVER → CLEVERER  GENTLE → GENTLER  CHARMING → CHARMINGER??
  • 8. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY  WATCH OUT LITTLE LESS FEW FEWER Ele gasta menos dinheiro do que você. He spends LESS money THAN you. Eles lêem menos livros do que nós. They read FEWER books THAN we.
  • 9. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY  For adjectives with two syllables (NOT ENDING IN OW, ER, LE, Y, US)  For adjectives with more than two syllables MORE adjective THAN mais do que
  • 10. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY O livro é mais interessante do que o filme. THE BOOK IS MORE INTERESTING THAN THE FILM. Seu irmão é mais bonito do que John. YOUR BROTHER IS MORE HANDSOME THAN JOHN.
  • 11. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY SPECIAL CASES ADJECTIVES Comparative of superiority GOOD → BETTER THAN BAD → WORSE THAN FAR → FARTHER THAN FURTHER THAN
  • 12. EXERCISES  Put into English: 1. Meu livro é tão novo quanto o seu. (new)  My book is as new as yours. 2. Patty não é tão jovem quanto você. (young)  Patty isn’t so young as you. 3. Essa mala está menos pesada do que aquela. (heavy)  This bag is less heavy than that one.
  • 13. EXERCISES 4. Você é mais esperto do que eles. (smart)  You are smarter than they. 5. Esta rua é mais larga do que aquela. (wide)  This street is larger than that one. 6. O livro é mais chato do que o filme. (boring)  The book is more boring than the movie. 7. Esta lição é melhor do que aquela. (good)  This lesson is better that that one.
  • 14. SUPERLATIVE OF INFERIORITY  The least adjective O,A(s) menos Este carro é o menos caro da agência. THIS CAR IS THE LEAST EXPENSIVE OF THE AGENCY. Você é o menos baixo na sala de aula. YOU ARE THE LEAST SHORT IN THE CLASSROOM.
  • 15. SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY  For all adjectives with one syllable  For adjectives with two syllables which end in OW, ER, LE, Y THE (adjective + EST) O,A,(s) mais John é o cara mais rico da cidade. JOHN IS THE RICHEST GUY OF THE CITY.
  • 16. SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY Ontem foi o dia mais quente da semana. YESTERDAY WAS THE HOTTTESTEST DAY OF THE WEEK. Este é o exercício mais fácil do livro. THIS IS THE EASIEST EXERCISE OF THE BOOK. Você é o mais esperto na sua turma? ARE YOU THE SMARTEST IN YOUR GROUP?
  • 17. SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY  COLD → COLDEST  BIG → BIGGGEST  LARGE → LARGEST  NARROW → NARROWEST  SHALLOW → SHALLOWEST  CLEVER → CLEVEREST  GENTLE → GENTLEST  PRETTY → PRETTIIEST
  • 18. SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY  For adjectives with two syllables (NOT ENDING IN OW, ER, LE, Y)  For adjectives with more than two syllables THE MOST adjective O,A,(s) mais
  • 19. SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY Michel é o mais hábil na computação de dados. MICHEL IS THE MOST SKILLFUL AT DATA COMPUTING. Ele é o motorista mais descuidado que eu conheço. HE IS THE MOST CARELESS DRIVER THAT I’VE EVER KNOWN.
  • 20. SUPERLATIVE OF SUPERIORITY SPECIAL CASES ADJECTIVES Superlative of superiority GOOD → THE BEST BAD → THE WORST FAR → THE FARTHEST THE FURTHEST
  • 21. Degrees of Adjectives  GRADUAL INCREASE It’s formed by repeating twice the adjective in the comparative of superiority cada vez mais frio = Colder and colder cada vez mais famoso= More and more famous
  • 22. GRADUAL INCREASE Eles estão ficando cada vez mais gordos. They are getting fatter and fatter. Isto está se tornando cada vez mais interessante. This is becoming more and more interesting.
  • 23. Degrees of Adjectives  PARALLEL INCREASE It’s formed by using the article THE and the adjectives in the comparative of superiority Quanto mais pesado, mais caro The heavier, the more expensive
  • 24. PARALLEL INCREASE Ele disse que quanto mais cedo, melhor. He said that the earlier, the better. Quanto mais leve, mais rápido. The lighter, the faster. Quanto mais famoso, mais difícil de ver. The more famous, the more difficult it’s to see.
  • 25. Link para Download dessa apresentação: http://www.sjose.com.br/download/mal ice/Degrees%20of%20Adjectives.ppt