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[SUMMARY] The document discusses the action of lignolytic enzymes produced by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. on chemically treated sugarcane bagasse. It analyzes the effect of alkaline chemical treatments and biological treatments on the physical structure of sugarcane bagasse fibers using microscopy techniques. The results show that chemical treatments, especially with NaOH + Ca(OH)2, promoted efficient loss of fiber structure compared to other treatments.