Sindhi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 53 million people in Pakistan and India. It evolved over 2400 years from contact with Aryan and later incorporated vocabulary from Arabic, Persian, and Dravidian languages. There is debate around whether Sindhi originated from Sanskrit or is an ancient Indo-Aryan language. It can be written in several scripts including Devanagari, Arabic, and Khudabadi scripts. Sindhi also has various regional dialects distinguished by phonological, grammatical, and vocabulary differences.

1. SINDHI LANGUAGE
By:
SAQIB IQBAL
ROLL NO. : D-14-CS-07

2. INTODUCTION
• Sindhi language evolved over a period of 2400 years. The language of
the people of Sindh, after coming in contact with the Aryan, became
Indo-Aryan (Prakrit). Sindhi language, therefore, has a solid base of
Prakrit as well as Sanskrit, the language of India, with vocabulary from
Arabic, Persian, and some Dravidian - descendants from Mediterranean
sub-continent. Initially, Sindhi had close contacts with Arabic- speaking
Muslims. Therefore the language adopted many of the Arabic words.
• Sindhi language is an ancient language spoken in Pakistan and many
other parts of the world. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by
approximately 41 million people in Pakistan, and 12 million people in
India; it is the second most spoken language of Pakistan, mostly
spoken in the Sindh province. It is a recognized official language in
Pakistan, and also an official language in India. Government of Pakistan
issues National Identity Cards to its citizens only in two languages;
Sindhi and Urdu.

3. There is lot of different opinions about the
origin and ancestry of Sindhi language.
* The First Group Believes That Sindhi Is
Derived From Sanskrit
* The Second Group Believes That Sindhi Is
Ancients Indo-Aryan Language, Probably
Having Its Origin In A Pre - sanskrit Indo-
Aryan Indus-valley Language.
* The Other Group Believes That sindhi Is
One Of The Dravidian Language, And Has
Its Roots In The Civilization Of Moen-jo-
daro.
ORIGIN AND ANCESTRY

4. WAY OF WRITING
Sindhi can be written in more than
7 ways
i.e. Laṇḍā scripts
Khudabadi, Khojiki, Gurmukhi,
Arabic script, Devanagari script
And Gujarati script .
But 3 main ways of writing are:

5. Devanagari Script
The Sindhi-Devanagari script is adapted from the Sanskrit system of
writing. Each character in the Devanagari system represents a syllable. It
consists of either a vowel or a constant followed by the vowel.
Devanagari characters are written from left to right.

6. Arabic Script
The Sindhi-Arabic script is adapted from the Persian system of writing,
which itself is an adaptation of the Arabic system. Arabic characters are
written from right to left. The script comprises of fifty-two characters and
seven diacritic signs.

7. Khudabadi Script
The Khudabadi script was used for writing the Indo-Aryan Sindhi
language spoken by almost 20 million people in the Sindh province of
Pakistan and in India. It is no longer used. The Khudabadi script is
written using sixty-nine letters, including thirty-seven consonants, ten
independent vowels, nine vowel diacritics, and a set of digits from 0-9.

8. A variety of a language that
is distinguished from other
varieties of the same
language by features of
phonology , grammer and
vocabulary.
DIALECTS