2013 datwyler training 3 fibre intro - info tech middle east2013 datwyler training 3 fibre intro - info tech middle east

1. Datwyler Cables
Introduction to Fibre

2. Paul Hunter – UK Technical Manager
 Thomas Gehrke (Munich – Germany)
 Pius Albisser (Altdorf – Switzerland)

3. Fibre Cables
Manufacturing facilities
Altdorf (cables, cable harnessing)
Raw Fibre
Corning
Manufacturing Plant
Switzerland (Altdorf) total 100’000 m2
Cables produced per year (Cu and FO):
>140’000 km
Altdorf headquarters (Switzerland)

4. What is Optical Fibre?
(General info)

5.  Optical Fibre is essentially a medium in which to send
large amounts of information down a single channel at
very high speeds.
 Utilises Hard Clad Silica glass to carry pulses of light
(which represents the information transmitted) over
short or potentially very long distances

6. Fibre optics system
Transmitter
Receiver
Splice
Splice tray
Connector
Patch Cord
Underground ducting
Joint enclosure
Splice Tray
Cable
Splice tray
Underground ducting

7. What are the advantages of
using Fibre?

8.  Distance
 Capacity/Bandwidth
 Security
 Immunity to Noise
 Negligible Crosstalk
 Safety
 Long Life
 Light Weight
 Small Cross Section
 Low Cost
 Environmentally Friendly
 Future Proof?

9. What are the disadvantages of
using Fibre?

10.  Fragile
 Equipment cost
 New Skills/Technology
 Limitations to Carry Power

11. Multimode and Singlemode
 Multimode – MM
 Building cabling
 Larger cross-sectional area
 Short distances
 Singlemode
 Campus or long haul
 Smaller cross-sectional area
 Long distances

12. Transmission of light though
Optical Fibre?

13. Propagation of Light in a Step Index Fibre
Diameter
Reflection
n
n1 = 1,470
n2 = 1,460
Refraction

14. Numerical Aperture
n1
n2
NA = sin α = (n1)2 - (n2)2

15. Reflexion
Optical plummet
n1 ≠ n2
αΕ
n1
αR
n = c/vM
n = refractive index
n2
Law of reflexion
αE = αR

16. Optical plummet
Law of Snellius
Refraction
n1 > n2
αΕ
sin α E ∗ n1= sin α B ∗
n2
E=R+T
n1
n2
αΒ

17. Numerical Aperture = NA
(Angel of acceptance qmax)
Low NA
- Less light
- Higher bandwidth
- E.g. G50/125 µm
High NA
- More light
- Low bandwidth
- E.g. G62.5/125 µm

18. Differential Mode Delay
Results:
Ideal for an
optical input
signal
Misshaped
optical output
signal
-The receiver is not capable
of detecting a single bit
-Increase of BER
-Decrease of data
rate, and velocity of
the transmission
- In extreme cases, the
transmission is lost

19. Graded Index of Profile Fiber
(Instead of Stepped index)
Exponent
of Profile g=2-Δ
3
r
1
rK
5
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
0

20. Introduction
Standards for FO Cabling

21. General Standards
IEEE
Standards Association
ISO/IEC
is worldwide applicable and valid
TIA/EIA
is valid for North America
(mainly the USA)
EN (CENELEC)
is valid throughout
Europe

22. ISO/IEC
– ISO/IEC is applicable worldwide and valid in the Middle East
– Generic Premise Cabling
– Currently we have five all-silica optical fibre “types” or “Categories” specified
in the generic cabling standards.
– Internationally, ISO/IEC 11801 specifies OM1, OM2, OM3 and OS1. In
addition, ISO/IEC 24702 (Generic cabling for industrial premises) specifies
OS2.
– See also IEC 60794

23. IEC 86A : FO Cables
IEC 60794
IEC 60794
Optical Fiber Cables
IEC 60794-1
IEC 60794-1
Generic specification
IEC 60794-2
IEC 60794-2
Indoor cables
IEC 60794-3
IEC 60794-3
External cables
IEC 60794-4
IEC 60794-4
Aerial optical cables

24. EN (Cenelec)
– EN (CENELEC) is valid throughout Europe
– Generic Premise Cabling
– EN 50173-1 contains all the cable specifications and recognized that
Category OS2 cabled optical fibre (being of an external style cable
construction with low cabled attenuation) may frequently be jointed to
Category OS1

25. TIA/EIA
– TIA/EIA is valid for North America (mainly the USA)
– Generic Premise Cabling
– TIA/EIA 568-B (Revision of TIA/EIA-568-A)
27

26. TIA/EIA
– ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
– · ANSI/EIA/TIA-455-A-1991,
– Standard Test Procedures for FO Cables and Transducers,
Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and other
components
– · ANSI/ICEA S-83-596-1994,
– Fibre Optic Premises Distribution Cable
– · ANSI/ICEA S-87-640-2000,
– Fibre Optic Outside Plant Communications Cable
– · ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7-1998,
– Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Single-mode
Fibre Cable Plant-OFSTP-7

27. Generic Cabling Structure
(Fibre optic type and construction)

28. Fibre Structure
 Core
 62.5 microns
 50 microns
 9 microns (single-mode)
 Cladding
 125 microns
 Coating
 250 microns SM
 900 microns MM
Primary
coating
Cladding
Core

29. Typical fibre dimensions
8/125 Fibre
 9/125
 50/125
Core:
9 µm
 62.5/125
62.5/125
Fibre
Core:
62.5m
Primary
coating:
250 µm
Cladding:
125 µm
50/125 Fibre
Primary
coating:
250 µm
Cladding: 125 µm
Core:
50
µm
Primary
coating:
250 µm
Cladding:
125 µm

30. Multimode Fibre
Transmission
Standards
100 Mb Ethernet
1 Gb (1000 Mb)
Ethernet
10 Gb Ethernet
40 Gb Ethernet
100 Gb Ethernet
OM1 (62.5/125)
2 km
275 m
33 m
Not Supported
Not Supported
OM2 (50/125)
2 km
550 m
82 m
Not Supported
Not Supported
OM3 (50/125)
2 km
800 m
300 m
100 m
100 m
OM4 (50/125)
2 km
1100 m
550 m
125 m
125 m
Multi-mode optical fibre (multimode fibre or MM fibre) is a type of optical fibre
mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a
building or on a campus. Typical multimode links have data rates of 10 Mb/s
to 10 Gb/s over link lengths of up to 400 meters—more than sufficient for the
majority of premises applications

31. Multimode Fibre
Transmission
Standards
Max Attenuation
Bandwidth (MHz / Km)
850nm
1300nm
850nm
1300nm
Laser
OM1 (62.5/125)
1.5dB
3.5dB
200
500
Not Specified
OM2 (50/125)
1.5dB
3.5dB
500
500
Not Specified
OM3 (50/125)
1.5dB
3.5dB
1500
500
2000
OM4 (50/125)
1.5dB
3.5dB
3500
500
4700
Attenuation of each fibre is shown on the relevant ‘Data sheet’

32. Singlemode Fibre
Max Attenuation
Bandwidth (MHz / Km)
Transmission
Standards
1310nm
1550nm
1310nm
1550nm
OS1 (9/125)
1.0dB
1.0dB
HIGH!
~100 Terahertz
HIGH!
~100 Terahertz
OS2 (9/125)
0.4dB
0.4dB
HIGH!
~100 Terahertz
HIGH!
~100 Terahertz
Single mode fibres can run distances >40km

33. Main Connector Types

34. ST - Straight Tip

35. SC – Subscriber connector

36. LC – Lucent Connector

37. MTRJ

38. E2000/APC

39. Termination types
 Pigtail
 Splicing
 Mechanical
 Fusion
 Direct termination
 Hot melt
 Cold cure
 (Polish)
 Pre-termination
 MTP/MPO
 All types – 1-2 metre
0.5dB loss
0.1dB loss
0.75dB loss
0.75dB loss
Improved dB loss
More expensive
Quicker on site

40. Calculating Power budget

42. Power Budget
Attenuation
Multimode Optical Fibre (OM1, 2 & 3)
@850nm = 3.5 dB/km max
@1300nm = 1.5dB/km max
Singlemode Fibre (OS1)
@1310nm = 1.0 dB/km
@1550nm = 1.0 dB/km

43. Power Budget
0.5 dB
0.30 dB
0.5 dB
10,87%
Patchkabel
0.5 dB
10,87%
6,67%
10,87%
100%
89,13%
a = -10 x lg Paus
Pein
79,4%
a = -10*lg 0,6608
1
74%
= 1,799 dB
= 1,8dB
= 66,08%

44. Summary of FO Cabling
High bandwidth
High data rates
Low attenuation
Ideal NEXT
No problems with EMC
No earthing problems
Little dimension
Low mass
Long life cycle

45. Coffee Break
Dätwyler Holding AG
Gotthardstrasse 31, 6460 Altdorf
T +41 41 875 11 00, F + 41 41 875 12 05
info@daetwyler.ch, www.daetwyler.ch