This article aims to present what needs to be done to prevent the extinction of humanity from threats that exist in outer space and that could reach planet Earth. The threats existing in outer space concern: 1) collision on planet Earth of asteroids, comets or pieces of comets; 2) collision on planet Earth of planets of the solar system; 3) collision on planet Earth of orphan planets wandering in outer space; 4) emission of cosmic rays, especially gamma rays emitted by supernova stars; 5) catastrophic consequences on the Earth's environment resulting from the continued distancing of the Moon from the Earth; 6) death of the Sun; 7) collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies where the Earth is located; and, 8) end of the Universe. The only possibility for humanity to avoid its extinction from all threats coming from outer space is for human beings to spread and colonize other worlds in the Universe. To avoid the threat of extinction of humanity, four challenges must be faced: 1) Production of rockets that reach speeds close to that of light to travel to the ends of the Universe; 2) Production of technologies capable of protecting human beings during space travel; 3) Identification of other worlds similar to Earth capable of being habitable by human beings; and, 4) Enabling humans to survive in space and in habitable places outside the Earth.
HOW TO SAVE HUMANITY FROM THE EXTINCTION OF EXISTING THREATS ON PLANET EARTH ...Faga1939
This article aims to present the scientific advances that need to be made in Cosmology to contribute to the adoption of technological solutions to protect humanity from threats to its extinction that exist on planet Earth, coming from outer space and that can reach humans in space travel. There are countless threats to the survival of humanity today and in the short, medium and long term future. Some of these events may occur, in the short and medium term, such as the collision of asteroids, comets or pieces of comets on the planet Earth and the emission of cosmic rays and, in the long term, such as the cooling of the Earth's core, the consequences of changes catastrophic for the Earth's environment resulting from the progressive departure of the Moon from the Earth, the death of the Sun, the collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies where the Earth is located and the end of the Universe and can contribute to humanity being taken to the its extinction as a species. The future of humanity in facing these threats depends on the success achieved in the advancement of knowledge about the Universe, especially about 9 main cosmological questions that need to be elucidated so that humanity can, with scientific knowledge, defend itself from the existing threats to its survival on planet Earth and coming from outer space and look for places in the solar system or outside it with the possibility of being habitable by humans in the event that their existence is threatened on planet Earth.
HOW TO AVOID THE EXTINCTION OF HUMANITY BY THREATS COMING FROM OUTER SPACE.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present the scientific advances that need to be made in cosmology to contribute to the adoption of scientific and technological solutions to prevent the extinction of humanity from the threats that exist in outer space and that may affect planet Earth. Cosmology is the branch of astronomy that studies the structure and evolution of the Universe as a whole, being concerned with both its origin and its evolution. The future of humanity depends on the success achieved in the advancement of knowledge about the Universe, especially on the 10 main cosmological questions that need to be elucidated so that humanity can, with scientific knowledge, adopt measures to protect itself from threats to its survival and seek places in or outside the solar system that are likely to be inhabited by humans.
The advancement of science and technology and the future of humanityFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate that humanity must prepare itself to face not only the immediate threats to its survival such as the current deadly Coronavirus pandemic and others that may arise in the future and the catastrophic climate change that may occur from the middle of the 21st century, but also the future threats represented by the progressive increase in the distance from the Moon to Earth, the collision of asteroids on the planet Earth, the explosion of supernovae with the release of gamma radiation and X-rays, the collision of the Andromeda Galaxy with the Milky Way Galaxy where the solar system is located, the death of the Sun and the end of the Universe in which we live. Both immediate and future threats will not be successfully addressed without the advancement of science and technology that is the passport to humanity's survival.
HOW TO SAVE THE HUMANITY OF THE COLLISION ON THE PLANET EARTH OF BODIES COMIN...Fernando Alcoforado
This document discusses strategies for protecting humanity from collisions with celestial bodies such as asteroids, comets, and planets. It notes that impacts from large asteroids have caused mass extinctions in the past and smaller impacts still occur regularly. The document proposes monitoring space to identify potential threats and developing technology to divert threatening objects or evacuate humans to habitable locations. It argues that international cooperation will be needed to coordinate such efforts given their immense scale.
HOW TO SAVE HUMANITY WITH THE DEATH OF THE SUN AND THE COLLISION OF THE ANDRÔ...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present possible strategies to save humanity with the death of the Sun and the collision of the Andromeda and Via Lactea galaxies where the solar system is located. It is scientifically known that all life on Earth will disappear when our Sun reaches the end of its existence within 4 billion years by becoming a red giant that will swallow the Earth. Four years ago, NASA scientists revealed that the collision of our galaxy Via Lactea with Andromeda - the closest neighbor - is inevitable and will happen in approximately four billion years.
The future of humanity with internal and external threats to life on planet e...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate the need to adopt global strategies in the near future that are capable of eliminating or neutralizing the threats to humanity internal to planet Earth, in the 21st century, represented by the end of the world capitalist system, by the exhaustion of natural resources of the planet, by catastrophic global climate change, by the escalation of international conflicts that could lead to the war of all against all at national and international levels, and also by the pandemic of viruses similar to Coronavirus. In addition to internal threats, strategies must be developed to ensure the survival of humanity in the near future in the face of the immediate threats related to the collision of asteroids on planet Earth and the explosion of supernovae with the release of gamma and X-ray radiation and, in the long term future, represented by the distancing of the Moon in relation to the Earth, the collision of the Andromeda Galaxy with the Milky Way Galaxy where the solar system is located, the death of the Sun and the end of the Universe in which we live.
TOWARDS THE HUMAN COLONIZATION OF OTHER WORLDS.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present the scientific and technological advances that need to be achieved for humanity to colonize other worlds. Mars, which has been explored for about 60 years, should be the first alternative to be colonized by humans. All this effort that is being carried out to explore the planet Mars aims at its colonization in the future. NASA intends to send humans on missions to Mars by 2030. The challenges of colonizing Mars are immense, but every effort must be made to make this planet an alternative habitable place for humans in the face of threats to their survival on planet Earth with the occurrence catastrophic climate change and eruption of volcanoes as has occurred in the past that could lead to the extinction of human beings, the collision of asteroids, comets, planets of the solar system and orphan planets with planet Earth, the emission of gamma rays by stars supernovae that could lead to the extinction of life on Earth as it has already occurred in the past and the continued removal of the Moon in relation to the Earth and its catastrophic consequences on the Earth's climate. Significant scientific and technological advances need to be developed to provide the conditions for humanity to colonize celestial bodies in the solar system and beyond. The inventions that may occur in the future will be fundamental to enable the increase of knowledge about the Universe in order to contribute towards humanity being able to overcome the threats to its existence coming from outer space and to colonize other worlds.
THE ADVANCES NEEDED IN COSMOLOGY TO SAVE THE HUMANITY OF EXTINCTIONFernando Alcoforado
Cosmology is the branch of astronomy that studies the structure and evolution of the Universe as a whole, worrying both about its origin and its evolution. This article aims to present the scientific advances that need to be made in cosmology to contribute to the adoption of technological solutions to protect humanity from threats to its extinction coming from outer space. The future of humanity depends on the success achieved in advancing knowledge about the Universe, especially 10 major cosmological issues that need to be clarified so that humanity can, with scientific knowledge, adopt measures to protect itself from threats to its survival and seek locations in or outside the solar system that could be habitable by humans.
HOW TO SAVE HUMANITY FROM THE EXTINCTION OF EXISTING THREATS ON PLANET EARTH ...Faga1939
This article aims to present the scientific advances that need to be made in Cosmology to contribute to the adoption of technological solutions to protect humanity from threats to its extinction that exist on planet Earth, coming from outer space and that can reach humans in space travel. There are countless threats to the survival of humanity today and in the short, medium and long term future. Some of these events may occur, in the short and medium term, such as the collision of asteroids, comets or pieces of comets on the planet Earth and the emission of cosmic rays and, in the long term, such as the cooling of the Earth's core, the consequences of changes catastrophic for the Earth's environment resulting from the progressive departure of the Moon from the Earth, the death of the Sun, the collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies where the Earth is located and the end of the Universe and can contribute to humanity being taken to the its extinction as a species. The future of humanity in facing these threats depends on the success achieved in the advancement of knowledge about the Universe, especially about 9 main cosmological questions that need to be elucidated so that humanity can, with scientific knowledge, defend itself from the existing threats to its survival on planet Earth and coming from outer space and look for places in the solar system or outside it with the possibility of being habitable by humans in the event that their existence is threatened on planet Earth.
HOW TO AVOID THE EXTINCTION OF HUMANITY BY THREATS COMING FROM OUTER SPACE.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present the scientific advances that need to be made in cosmology to contribute to the adoption of scientific and technological solutions to prevent the extinction of humanity from the threats that exist in outer space and that may affect planet Earth. Cosmology is the branch of astronomy that studies the structure and evolution of the Universe as a whole, being concerned with both its origin and its evolution. The future of humanity depends on the success achieved in the advancement of knowledge about the Universe, especially on the 10 main cosmological questions that need to be elucidated so that humanity can, with scientific knowledge, adopt measures to protect itself from threats to its survival and seek places in or outside the solar system that are likely to be inhabited by humans.
The advancement of science and technology and the future of humanityFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate that humanity must prepare itself to face not only the immediate threats to its survival such as the current deadly Coronavirus pandemic and others that may arise in the future and the catastrophic climate change that may occur from the middle of the 21st century, but also the future threats represented by the progressive increase in the distance from the Moon to Earth, the collision of asteroids on the planet Earth, the explosion of supernovae with the release of gamma radiation and X-rays, the collision of the Andromeda Galaxy with the Milky Way Galaxy where the solar system is located, the death of the Sun and the end of the Universe in which we live. Both immediate and future threats will not be successfully addressed without the advancement of science and technology that is the passport to humanity's survival.
HOW TO SAVE THE HUMANITY OF THE COLLISION ON THE PLANET EARTH OF BODIES COMIN...Fernando Alcoforado
This document discusses strategies for protecting humanity from collisions with celestial bodies such as asteroids, comets, and planets. It notes that impacts from large asteroids have caused mass extinctions in the past and smaller impacts still occur regularly. The document proposes monitoring space to identify potential threats and developing technology to divert threatening objects or evacuate humans to habitable locations. It argues that international cooperation will be needed to coordinate such efforts given their immense scale.
HOW TO SAVE HUMANITY WITH THE DEATH OF THE SUN AND THE COLLISION OF THE ANDRÔ...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present possible strategies to save humanity with the death of the Sun and the collision of the Andromeda and Via Lactea galaxies where the solar system is located. It is scientifically known that all life on Earth will disappear when our Sun reaches the end of its existence within 4 billion years by becoming a red giant that will swallow the Earth. Four years ago, NASA scientists revealed that the collision of our galaxy Via Lactea with Andromeda - the closest neighbor - is inevitable and will happen in approximately four billion years.
The future of humanity with internal and external threats to life on planet e...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate the need to adopt global strategies in the near future that are capable of eliminating or neutralizing the threats to humanity internal to planet Earth, in the 21st century, represented by the end of the world capitalist system, by the exhaustion of natural resources of the planet, by catastrophic global climate change, by the escalation of international conflicts that could lead to the war of all against all at national and international levels, and also by the pandemic of viruses similar to Coronavirus. In addition to internal threats, strategies must be developed to ensure the survival of humanity in the near future in the face of the immediate threats related to the collision of asteroids on planet Earth and the explosion of supernovae with the release of gamma and X-ray radiation and, in the long term future, represented by the distancing of the Moon in relation to the Earth, the collision of the Andromeda Galaxy with the Milky Way Galaxy where the solar system is located, the death of the Sun and the end of the Universe in which we live.
TOWARDS THE HUMAN COLONIZATION OF OTHER WORLDS.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present the scientific and technological advances that need to be achieved for humanity to colonize other worlds. Mars, which has been explored for about 60 years, should be the first alternative to be colonized by humans. All this effort that is being carried out to explore the planet Mars aims at its colonization in the future. NASA intends to send humans on missions to Mars by 2030. The challenges of colonizing Mars are immense, but every effort must be made to make this planet an alternative habitable place for humans in the face of threats to their survival on planet Earth with the occurrence catastrophic climate change and eruption of volcanoes as has occurred in the past that could lead to the extinction of human beings, the collision of asteroids, comets, planets of the solar system and orphan planets with planet Earth, the emission of gamma rays by stars supernovae that could lead to the extinction of life on Earth as it has already occurred in the past and the continued removal of the Moon in relation to the Earth and its catastrophic consequences on the Earth's climate. Significant scientific and technological advances need to be developed to provide the conditions for humanity to colonize celestial bodies in the solar system and beyond. The inventions that may occur in the future will be fundamental to enable the increase of knowledge about the Universe in order to contribute towards humanity being able to overcome the threats to its existence coming from outer space and to colonize other worlds.
THE ADVANCES NEEDED IN COSMOLOGY TO SAVE THE HUMANITY OF EXTINCTIONFernando Alcoforado
Cosmology is the branch of astronomy that studies the structure and evolution of the Universe as a whole, worrying both about its origin and its evolution. This article aims to present the scientific advances that need to be made in cosmology to contribute to the adoption of technological solutions to protect humanity from threats to its extinction coming from outer space. The future of humanity depends on the success achieved in advancing knowledge about the Universe, especially 10 major cosmological issues that need to be clarified so that humanity can, with scientific knowledge, adopt measures to protect itself from threats to its survival and seek locations in or outside the solar system that could be habitable by humans.
Humanity strategies to deal with internal and external threats to earth planetFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate the need to adopt global strategies that are capable of eliminating or neutralizing the internal and external threats to planet Earth.
This article aims to present possible strategies to save humanity from the consequences related to the cosmic rays that reach the planet Earth, especially the gamma rays emitted by supernovae, and those that threaten human beings in space travel.
The document discusses concepts and requirements for a Mars Exploration Rover (MER) that would transport astronauts across the surface of Mars. Some key points:
- The MER would be a pressurized, long-distance vehicle capable of transporting a crew of astronauts and sustaining them for hundreds of miles across Mars' terrain.
- It would need to operate in Mars' harsh environment, which has low atmospheric pressure, cold temperatures, dust storms, and radiation risks. Systems would need to be fail-safe or have backups.
- The MER would serve as a mobile habitat, allowing astronauts to live and work on long expeditions away from the main habitat base. It would carry supplies and have facilities for activities
Information for Satellite, What is a Satellite...YaserKhan21
What is a Satellite?, Types of Satellite, Satellite Architecture and Organization, Application
Advantages of satellite over terrestrial communication, Disadvantage, Brief History of Artificial Satellites, Parts of a Satellite, What Keeps A Satellite from Falling to Earth?, What stops a Satellite from crashing into another Satellite?, Moons Around Other Worlds, About the International Space Station, Satellites in ISRO, Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3
presentation for students about life on mars. great for highschool students. many slides, good description. overall, a great interesting presentation about futural science that many students can use.
THREATENED HUMANITY AND STRATEGIES FOR ITS SURVIVAL (How to save humanity fro...Fernando Alcoforado
The title and subtitle (in parentheses) of our 15th book in Portuguese are presented above. The title states that humanity is threatened and that the book outlines the strategies necessary for its survival. The subtitle reinforces the title by pointing out that this book aims to inform how to save humanity from the threats to its extinction.
A Space Suit for Extra Ordinary Martian Conditions 1Can Kural
A space suit designed specifically for exploring Mars is proposed that addresses the challenges of the Martian environment. The suit would have multiple protective layers, including an inner gravity skin suit to mitigate muscle and bone loss. The outer layers would protect against dust storms and radiation. Systems would be embedded in the suit layers to recycle waste and provide life support through a tight-fitting biometric counter-pressure suit and helmet. The suit would be designed for flexibility and reliability through localized self-repair capabilities while maintaining overall system integrity.
The document discusses the limitations of space travel that prevent contact with extraterrestrial life. It argues that 1) distances to other planets are vast, with current technology requiring hundreds of thousands of years to reach the nearest Earth-like planet, 2) existing technology cannot support long-duration human spaceflight due to power, life support, and other constraints, and 3) the human body and mind are negatively impacted by the stresses of space such as microgravity, radiation exposure, and isolation. While future technologies like solar sails or warp drives could help, overcoming these challenges to enable interstellar travel remains difficult with present capabilities.
Exploring the Possibility of Human Survival on Other Planets.pdfCIOWomenMagazine
The human survival on other planets has been a topic of discussion for many decades now. Scientists have kept on exploring various planets in order to find out whether humans can survive over there or not.
The document discusses recent developments in space exploration and travel. It outlines key milestones such as the first artificial satellites launched by the Soviet Union and the United States in the late 1950s. It also discusses early lunar missions in the 1960s including the first lunar soft landing and the first crewed lunar landing by Apollo 11 in 1969. The document then covers the use of autonomous technologies for deep space exploration and the potential benefits of space exploration including scientific discoveries, economic opportunities, and inspiration.
Asteroids, Black Swans, Global Catastrophic Risks, and How to Save Civilization (cloudy night version) -- JCCC Science Center "Evening with the Stars" lecture, given Saturday 24 October 2009. Created by Jay Manifold, board member of the Astronomical Society of Kansas City.
Space exploration benefits essay exampleKirk's Class
Space exploration has provided many benefits to humanity. It has expanded our scientific knowledge of the universe and challenged us to push the boundaries of what is possible. Some key benefits include the development of GPS, weather satellites, and the ability to monitor natural disasters from space. Additional applications include satellite communications, electronics, medicine, energy research, and the ability to detect asteroids that could pose a threat to Earth. Overall, the technologies developed for space exploration have wide-ranging applications that have improved areas like agriculture, health care, mining, and more.
This article aims to show how the Sun was born, its internal structure, how it operates, its importance for life on planet Earth and what will happen until its death in the next 5 billion years.
Which planet can you live on besides Earth?vickykamble9
as of current knowledge, no planet besides Earth is confirmed to be able to sustain human life. While there have been many exciting discoveries of potentially habitable exoplanets, none of them have been confirmed to actually have the conditions necessary for human survival. The search for another habitable planet is still ongoing and may one day lead to the discovery of a new home for humanity.
THE HUMAN CHALLENGES OF CONQUERING SPACE AND COLONIZING OTHER WORLDS.pdfFaga1939
1. The document discusses the major human challenges of space exploration and colonizing other worlds, including developing technologies to:
2. Produce rockets capable of reaching near-light speeds to travel vast distances in space. Current chemical rockets are limited and producing vehicles that can reach the speed of light poses radiation hazards.
3. Protect humans during space travel by developing advanced life support systems for environments outside Earth, such as proposed inflatable heat shields and high-tech spacesuits for Mars.
4. Identify habitable exoplanets and enable human survival off Earth through developing sustainable living and power systems for space colonies. Overcoming these challenges is necessary for humanity to expand beyond Earth.
Mars One is planning a one-way mission in 2024 to colonize Mars with crews of four departing every two years. While Mars has similarities to Earth like polar ice caps and length of day, it poses challenges for human habitation including extreme cold, low atmospheric pressure, dust storms, and lack of liquid water. Long term, colonizing Mars could help ensure humanity's survival if Earth becomes uninhabitable when the expanding sun boils away our oceans in billions of years. However, establishing permanent settlements on Mars presents numerous technological and biological hurdles that must be overcome.
HOW TO AVOID THE EXTINCTION OF HUMANITY FROM THREATS CAUSED BY PLANET EARTH A...Faga1939
This article aims to present how to prevent the extinction of humanity from threats caused by planet Earth and human beings in the present and in the future. The threats caused by planet Earth and human beings are the following: 1) Cooling of the Earth's core; 2) Eruption of volcanoes; 3) Global climate change caused by humans; 4) Pandemics caused by humans; and, 5) Wars caused by humans.
THE THREATS OF EXTINCTION TO HUMANITY CAUSED BY PLANET EARTH, HOW TO DEAL WIT...Faga1939
This article aims to present the threats to the extinction of humanity caused by the forces of nature existing on planet Earth, which concern the cooling of the core of planet Earth, the catastrophic eruptions of volcanoes and the inversion of the Earth's magnetic poles, as well as presenting how deal with them and avoid them. To deal with the cooling of the core of planet Earth, it is necessary to monitor the temperature of the core of planet Earth to adopt, when necessary, strategies to escape human beings to places that can be inhabited in the solar system, such as Mars, or outside it with possibility of sheltering human beings, before the loss of the Earth's magnetic field and the imbalance in the planet's food chain. To deal with volcano eruptions, it is necessary to monitor the volcanoes to prevent disasters of catastrophic proportions by adopting plans to evacuate populations in the areas covered by the volcanoes. In addition, it is necessary to adopt necessary measures to evacuate human beings to safe locations and, even, if necessary, outside planet Earth in places likely to be inhabited in the solar system or outside it in the case in which the eruption of volcanoes could lead to the threat of extinction of human beings, as has already occurred in the past. To deal with the reversal of the Earth's magnetic poles, it is very important that there is constant monitoring of the pole reversal to assess its effects, building underground dwellings and underground cities across the planet capable of sheltering human life and protecting it from cosmic radiation. and solar and adopt, when necessary, strategies for escaping humans from Earth to Mars or other locations in the solar system or outside it capable of sheltering human life. Furthermore, it is necessary to set up a global structure, a World Organization for the Defense Against Natural Catastrophes of global scope that has the capacity to technically coordinate the actions of countries in confronting the cooling of the core of planet Earth, the catastrophic eruptions of volcanoes and the inversion of the Earth's magnetic poles,
This paper discusses theoretical solutions for interstellar travel, including fusion drives, solar sails, and warp drives. Fusion drives could propel a ship to 10-20% the speed of light using contained fusion reactions, allowing travel within 20 light years. Solar sails, the only existing technology, could reach 60% light speed with powerful lasers and travel to nearby stars within a human lifespan. A hypothetical warp drive could contract space in front and expand it behind, riding a wave of spacetime and allowing travel faster than light, though this technology is at least 100 years away. While interstellar travel poses huge technological challenges, developing these solutions could allow humanity to spread beyond the solar system.
Seminar report on GPS based Space Debris Removal SystemSunil Ds
Space debris refers to defunct objects in orbit around Earth, including spent rocket stages, old satellites, and fragments. As the number of satellites increases, space debris poses a hazard to operational spacecraft through collisions. Effective measures are needed to mitigate space debris, such as de-orbiting satellites at end-of-life and actively removing existing debris. The 2009 collision between an Iridium satellite and a Russian satellite created over 200,000 pieces of debris and challenged assumptions about collision risks. The US Space Surveillance Network tracks and catalogs artificial objects in orbit to monitor and predict space debris.
L’EFFONDREMENT DE LA MONDIALISATION CONTEMPORAINE ET L’AVENIR DE L’ÉCONOMIE M...Faga1939
Cet article vise à démontrer que la mondialisation contemporaine se dirige rapidement vers l’effondrement et à proposer de nouvelles orientations pour l’avenir de l’économie mondiale. Les signes de l'effondrement de la mondialisation économique et financière contemporaine apparaissaient déjà dès 2010 lorsque le rapport entre les exportations mondiales et le PIB mondial a chuté d'environ 12 %, un déclin jamais vu depuis les années 1970. Les signes de l’effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine se manifeste également par la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit mondial, la baisse du taux de profit aux États-Unis et la baisse du taux de croissance du produit mondial brut. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit se maintient, le taux de profit du système capitaliste mondial tendrait vers zéro en 2037. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit aux États-Unis se maintient, le taux de profit aux États-Unis atteindra valeur nulle en 2043. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de croissance du produit mondial brut se maintient, ce taux atteindra la valeur zéro en 2053. Ces estimations ont été obtenues sur la base de la méthode statistique des moindres carrés. Il est conclu que le système capitaliste mondial deviendra non viable au milieu du 21e siècle (2037, 2043 ou 2053), lorsque le processus d’accumulation du capital cessera et que les taux de profit et de croissance de l’économie mondiale atteindront une valeur nulle. Face à l’échec et à l’effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine, il est urgent de construire une nouvelle mondialisation avec un keynésianisme mondial et un gouvernement mondial pour ordonner l’économie mondiale. La politique économique keynésienne adoptée dans chaque pays et au niveau mondial et l'existence d'un gouvernement mondial sont les solutions pour faire face à l'effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine et éliminer le chaos qui caractérise l'économie mondiale. Face à l’échec du néolibéralisme et à son incapacité à faire face à la crise mondiale du capitalisme, le keynésianisme pourrait être la solution à condition qu’il soit appliqué dans chaque pays et à l’échelle mondiale, c’est-à-dire qu’il opère dans la planification économique, et pas seulement au niveau national pour obtenir la stabilité économique et le plein emploi des facteurs dans chaque pays, mais aussi au niveau mondial pour éliminer le chaos économique mondial qui prévaut actuellement avec le néolibéralisme. Avec le keynésianisme dans chaque pays et à l’échelle mondiale, il y aurait une coordination des politiques économiques keynésiennes au niveau planétaire qui ne pourrait être réalisée qu’avec l’existence d’un gouvernement mondial.
JUSQU’À QUAND LE MASSACRE DU GOUVERNEMENT ISRAÉLIEN À GAZA CONTINUERA-T-IL.pdfFaga1939
Combien de temps encore les gouvernements des pays épris de paix resteront-ils passifs devant les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l’humanité commis par le gouvernement israélien ? Combien de temps encore les gouvernements des pays arabes assisteront-ils au massacre israélien dans la bande de Gaza sans prendre aucune mesure concrète pour mettre fin à l’action belliciste du gouvernement israélien ? Combien de temps encore les Juifs épris de paix en Israël et dans le monde continueront-ils à assister passivement au massacre israélien dans la bande de Gaza, soutenant les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l’humanité commis par le gouvernement Netanyahu ? Il est important de noter qu’Israël ne pourra exister que s’il est accepté par les peuples vivant en Palestine et dans le monde arabe. Israël ne pourra exister que si le gouvernement Netanyahu est remplacé par un gouvernement démocratique capable de dialoguer avec les Palestiniens de la région.
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Humanity strategies to deal with internal and external threats to earth planetFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate the need to adopt global strategies that are capable of eliminating or neutralizing the internal and external threats to planet Earth.
This article aims to present possible strategies to save humanity from the consequences related to the cosmic rays that reach the planet Earth, especially the gamma rays emitted by supernovae, and those that threaten human beings in space travel.
The document discusses concepts and requirements for a Mars Exploration Rover (MER) that would transport astronauts across the surface of Mars. Some key points:
- The MER would be a pressurized, long-distance vehicle capable of transporting a crew of astronauts and sustaining them for hundreds of miles across Mars' terrain.
- It would need to operate in Mars' harsh environment, which has low atmospheric pressure, cold temperatures, dust storms, and radiation risks. Systems would need to be fail-safe or have backups.
- The MER would serve as a mobile habitat, allowing astronauts to live and work on long expeditions away from the main habitat base. It would carry supplies and have facilities for activities
Information for Satellite, What is a Satellite...YaserKhan21
What is a Satellite?, Types of Satellite, Satellite Architecture and Organization, Application
Advantages of satellite over terrestrial communication, Disadvantage, Brief History of Artificial Satellites, Parts of a Satellite, What Keeps A Satellite from Falling to Earth?, What stops a Satellite from crashing into another Satellite?, Moons Around Other Worlds, About the International Space Station, Satellites in ISRO, Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3
presentation for students about life on mars. great for highschool students. many slides, good description. overall, a great interesting presentation about futural science that many students can use.
THREATENED HUMANITY AND STRATEGIES FOR ITS SURVIVAL (How to save humanity fro...Fernando Alcoforado
The title and subtitle (in parentheses) of our 15th book in Portuguese are presented above. The title states that humanity is threatened and that the book outlines the strategies necessary for its survival. The subtitle reinforces the title by pointing out that this book aims to inform how to save humanity from the threats to its extinction.
A Space Suit for Extra Ordinary Martian Conditions 1Can Kural
A space suit designed specifically for exploring Mars is proposed that addresses the challenges of the Martian environment. The suit would have multiple protective layers, including an inner gravity skin suit to mitigate muscle and bone loss. The outer layers would protect against dust storms and radiation. Systems would be embedded in the suit layers to recycle waste and provide life support through a tight-fitting biometric counter-pressure suit and helmet. The suit would be designed for flexibility and reliability through localized self-repair capabilities while maintaining overall system integrity.
The document discusses the limitations of space travel that prevent contact with extraterrestrial life. It argues that 1) distances to other planets are vast, with current technology requiring hundreds of thousands of years to reach the nearest Earth-like planet, 2) existing technology cannot support long-duration human spaceflight due to power, life support, and other constraints, and 3) the human body and mind are negatively impacted by the stresses of space such as microgravity, radiation exposure, and isolation. While future technologies like solar sails or warp drives could help, overcoming these challenges to enable interstellar travel remains difficult with present capabilities.
Exploring the Possibility of Human Survival on Other Planets.pdfCIOWomenMagazine
The human survival on other planets has been a topic of discussion for many decades now. Scientists have kept on exploring various planets in order to find out whether humans can survive over there or not.
The document discusses recent developments in space exploration and travel. It outlines key milestones such as the first artificial satellites launched by the Soviet Union and the United States in the late 1950s. It also discusses early lunar missions in the 1960s including the first lunar soft landing and the first crewed lunar landing by Apollo 11 in 1969. The document then covers the use of autonomous technologies for deep space exploration and the potential benefits of space exploration including scientific discoveries, economic opportunities, and inspiration.
Asteroids, Black Swans, Global Catastrophic Risks, and How to Save Civilization (cloudy night version) -- JCCC Science Center "Evening with the Stars" lecture, given Saturday 24 October 2009. Created by Jay Manifold, board member of the Astronomical Society of Kansas City.
Space exploration benefits essay exampleKirk's Class
Space exploration has provided many benefits to humanity. It has expanded our scientific knowledge of the universe and challenged us to push the boundaries of what is possible. Some key benefits include the development of GPS, weather satellites, and the ability to monitor natural disasters from space. Additional applications include satellite communications, electronics, medicine, energy research, and the ability to detect asteroids that could pose a threat to Earth. Overall, the technologies developed for space exploration have wide-ranging applications that have improved areas like agriculture, health care, mining, and more.
This article aims to show how the Sun was born, its internal structure, how it operates, its importance for life on planet Earth and what will happen until its death in the next 5 billion years.
Which planet can you live on besides Earth?vickykamble9
as of current knowledge, no planet besides Earth is confirmed to be able to sustain human life. While there have been many exciting discoveries of potentially habitable exoplanets, none of them have been confirmed to actually have the conditions necessary for human survival. The search for another habitable planet is still ongoing and may one day lead to the discovery of a new home for humanity.
THE HUMAN CHALLENGES OF CONQUERING SPACE AND COLONIZING OTHER WORLDS.pdfFaga1939
1. The document discusses the major human challenges of space exploration and colonizing other worlds, including developing technologies to:
2. Produce rockets capable of reaching near-light speeds to travel vast distances in space. Current chemical rockets are limited and producing vehicles that can reach the speed of light poses radiation hazards.
3. Protect humans during space travel by developing advanced life support systems for environments outside Earth, such as proposed inflatable heat shields and high-tech spacesuits for Mars.
4. Identify habitable exoplanets and enable human survival off Earth through developing sustainable living and power systems for space colonies. Overcoming these challenges is necessary for humanity to expand beyond Earth.
Mars One is planning a one-way mission in 2024 to colonize Mars with crews of four departing every two years. While Mars has similarities to Earth like polar ice caps and length of day, it poses challenges for human habitation including extreme cold, low atmospheric pressure, dust storms, and lack of liquid water. Long term, colonizing Mars could help ensure humanity's survival if Earth becomes uninhabitable when the expanding sun boils away our oceans in billions of years. However, establishing permanent settlements on Mars presents numerous technological and biological hurdles that must be overcome.
HOW TO AVOID THE EXTINCTION OF HUMANITY FROM THREATS CAUSED BY PLANET EARTH A...Faga1939
This article aims to present how to prevent the extinction of humanity from threats caused by planet Earth and human beings in the present and in the future. The threats caused by planet Earth and human beings are the following: 1) Cooling of the Earth's core; 2) Eruption of volcanoes; 3) Global climate change caused by humans; 4) Pandemics caused by humans; and, 5) Wars caused by humans.
THE THREATS OF EXTINCTION TO HUMANITY CAUSED BY PLANET EARTH, HOW TO DEAL WIT...Faga1939
This article aims to present the threats to the extinction of humanity caused by the forces of nature existing on planet Earth, which concern the cooling of the core of planet Earth, the catastrophic eruptions of volcanoes and the inversion of the Earth's magnetic poles, as well as presenting how deal with them and avoid them. To deal with the cooling of the core of planet Earth, it is necessary to monitor the temperature of the core of planet Earth to adopt, when necessary, strategies to escape human beings to places that can be inhabited in the solar system, such as Mars, or outside it with possibility of sheltering human beings, before the loss of the Earth's magnetic field and the imbalance in the planet's food chain. To deal with volcano eruptions, it is necessary to monitor the volcanoes to prevent disasters of catastrophic proportions by adopting plans to evacuate populations in the areas covered by the volcanoes. In addition, it is necessary to adopt necessary measures to evacuate human beings to safe locations and, even, if necessary, outside planet Earth in places likely to be inhabited in the solar system or outside it in the case in which the eruption of volcanoes could lead to the threat of extinction of human beings, as has already occurred in the past. To deal with the reversal of the Earth's magnetic poles, it is very important that there is constant monitoring of the pole reversal to assess its effects, building underground dwellings and underground cities across the planet capable of sheltering human life and protecting it from cosmic radiation. and solar and adopt, when necessary, strategies for escaping humans from Earth to Mars or other locations in the solar system or outside it capable of sheltering human life. Furthermore, it is necessary to set up a global structure, a World Organization for the Defense Against Natural Catastrophes of global scope that has the capacity to technically coordinate the actions of countries in confronting the cooling of the core of planet Earth, the catastrophic eruptions of volcanoes and the inversion of the Earth's magnetic poles,
This paper discusses theoretical solutions for interstellar travel, including fusion drives, solar sails, and warp drives. Fusion drives could propel a ship to 10-20% the speed of light using contained fusion reactions, allowing travel within 20 light years. Solar sails, the only existing technology, could reach 60% light speed with powerful lasers and travel to nearby stars within a human lifespan. A hypothetical warp drive could contract space in front and expand it behind, riding a wave of spacetime and allowing travel faster than light, though this technology is at least 100 years away. While interstellar travel poses huge technological challenges, developing these solutions could allow humanity to spread beyond the solar system.
Seminar report on GPS based Space Debris Removal SystemSunil Ds
Space debris refers to defunct objects in orbit around Earth, including spent rocket stages, old satellites, and fragments. As the number of satellites increases, space debris poses a hazard to operational spacecraft through collisions. Effective measures are needed to mitigate space debris, such as de-orbiting satellites at end-of-life and actively removing existing debris. The 2009 collision between an Iridium satellite and a Russian satellite created over 200,000 pieces of debris and challenged assumptions about collision risks. The US Space Surveillance Network tracks and catalogs artificial objects in orbit to monitor and predict space debris.
Semelhante a THE THREATS OF EXTINCTION TO HUMANITY COMING FROM OUTER SPACE, HOW TO DEAL WITH THEM AND HOW TO AVOID THEM.pdf (20)
L’EFFONDREMENT DE LA MONDIALISATION CONTEMPORAINE ET L’AVENIR DE L’ÉCONOMIE M...Faga1939
Cet article vise à démontrer que la mondialisation contemporaine se dirige rapidement vers l’effondrement et à proposer de nouvelles orientations pour l’avenir de l’économie mondiale. Les signes de l'effondrement de la mondialisation économique et financière contemporaine apparaissaient déjà dès 2010 lorsque le rapport entre les exportations mondiales et le PIB mondial a chuté d'environ 12 %, un déclin jamais vu depuis les années 1970. Les signes de l’effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine se manifeste également par la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit mondial, la baisse du taux de profit aux États-Unis et la baisse du taux de croissance du produit mondial brut. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit se maintient, le taux de profit du système capitaliste mondial tendrait vers zéro en 2037. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit aux États-Unis se maintient, le taux de profit aux États-Unis atteindra valeur nulle en 2043. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de croissance du produit mondial brut se maintient, ce taux atteindra la valeur zéro en 2053. Ces estimations ont été obtenues sur la base de la méthode statistique des moindres carrés. Il est conclu que le système capitaliste mondial deviendra non viable au milieu du 21e siècle (2037, 2043 ou 2053), lorsque le processus d’accumulation du capital cessera et que les taux de profit et de croissance de l’économie mondiale atteindront une valeur nulle. Face à l’échec et à l’effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine, il est urgent de construire une nouvelle mondialisation avec un keynésianisme mondial et un gouvernement mondial pour ordonner l’économie mondiale. La politique économique keynésienne adoptée dans chaque pays et au niveau mondial et l'existence d'un gouvernement mondial sont les solutions pour faire face à l'effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine et éliminer le chaos qui caractérise l'économie mondiale. Face à l’échec du néolibéralisme et à son incapacité à faire face à la crise mondiale du capitalisme, le keynésianisme pourrait être la solution à condition qu’il soit appliqué dans chaque pays et à l’échelle mondiale, c’est-à-dire qu’il opère dans la planification économique, et pas seulement au niveau national pour obtenir la stabilité économique et le plein emploi des facteurs dans chaque pays, mais aussi au niveau mondial pour éliminer le chaos économique mondial qui prévaut actuellement avec le néolibéralisme. Avec le keynésianisme dans chaque pays et à l’échelle mondiale, il y aurait une coordination des politiques économiques keynésiennes au niveau planétaire qui ne pourrait être réalisée qu’avec l’existence d’un gouvernement mondial.
JUSQU’À QUAND LE MASSACRE DU GOUVERNEMENT ISRAÉLIEN À GAZA CONTINUERA-T-IL.pdfFaga1939
Combien de temps encore les gouvernements des pays épris de paix resteront-ils passifs devant les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l’humanité commis par le gouvernement israélien ? Combien de temps encore les gouvernements des pays arabes assisteront-ils au massacre israélien dans la bande de Gaza sans prendre aucune mesure concrète pour mettre fin à l’action belliciste du gouvernement israélien ? Combien de temps encore les Juifs épris de paix en Israël et dans le monde continueront-ils à assister passivement au massacre israélien dans la bande de Gaza, soutenant les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l’humanité commis par le gouvernement Netanyahu ? Il est important de noter qu’Israël ne pourra exister que s’il est accepté par les peuples vivant en Palestine et dans le monde arabe. Israël ne pourra exister que si le gouvernement Netanyahu est remplacé par un gouvernement démocratique capable de dialoguer avec les Palestiniens de la région.
ATÉ QUANDO VAI CONTINUAR O MASSACRE DO GOVERNO ISRAEELENSE EM GAZA.pdfFaga1939
Até quando os governos dos países amantes da paz assistirão passivamente os crimes de guerra e contra a humanidade praticados pelo governo de Israel? Até quando os governos dos países árabes ficarão assistindo o massacre israelense na Faixa de Gaza sem nenhuma atitude concreta para cessar a ação belicista do governo israelense? Até quando os judeus amantes da paz em Israel e no mundo continuarão assistindo passivamente o massacre israelense na Faixa de Gaza apoiando os crimes de guerra e contra a humanidade praticados pelo governo Netanyahu? É importante observar que Israel só terá condições de existir se for aceita pelos povos que vivem na Palestina e no mundo árabe. Israel só terá condições de existir se houver a substituição do governo Netanyahu por um governo democrático capaz de dialogar com os palestinos na região.
ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION FROM PREHISTORY TO THE CONTEMPORARY ERA AND...Faga1939
This article aims to present how the evolution of energy consumption and production occurred from prehistoric times to current times, as well as proposing the future of energy required for the world. From prehistory until the 18th century, the use of renewable energy sources such as wood, wind and hydraulic energy predominated. From the 18th century until the contemporary era, fossil fuels predominated with coal and oil, but their use will probably come to an end from the 21st century onwards to avoid catastrophic global climate change resulting from their use by emitting greenhouse gases responsible for the global warming. With the end of the era of fossil fuels will come the era of renewable energy sources when the use of hydroelectric energy, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy and hydrogen energy will prevail. There is no doubt that human activities on Earth cause changes in the environment in which we live. Many of these environmental impacts come from the generation, handling and use of energy using fossil fuels. The main reason for the existence of these environmental impacts lies in the fact that global consumption of primary energy from non-renewable sources (oil, coal, natural gas and nuclear) corresponds to approximately 88% of the total, with only 12% coming from renewable sources. Regardless of the various solutions that may be adopted to eliminate or mitigate the causes of the greenhouse effect, the most important action is, without a doubt, the adoption of measures that contribute to the elimination or reduction of the consumption of fossil fuels in energy production, as well as as well as for its more efficient use in transport, industry, agriculture and cities (residences and commerce), given that the use and production of energy are responsible for 57% of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity. In this sense, it is essential to implement a sustainable energy system in the world. In a sustainable energy system, the global energy matrix should only rely on clean and renewable energy sources (hydroelectric, solar, wind, hydrogen, geothermal, tidal, wave and biomass), and should therefore not rely on the use fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas).
PRODUÇÃO E CONSUMO DE ENERGIA DA PRÉ-HISTÓRIA À ERA CONTEMPORÂNEA E SUA EVOLU...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar como ocorreu a evolução do consumo e da produção de energia desde a pré-história até os tempos atuais, bem como propor o futuro da energia requerido para o mundo. Da pré-história até o século XVIII predominou o uso de fontes renováveis de energia como a madeira, o vento e a energia hidráulica. Do século XVIII até a era contemporânea, os combustíveis fósseis predominaram com o carvão e o petróleo, mas seu uso chegará ao fim provavelmente a partir do século XXI para evitar a mudança climática catastrófica global resultante de sua utilização ao emitir gases do efeito estufa responsáveis pelo aquecimento global. Com o fim da era dos combustíveis fósseis virá a era das fontes renováveis de energia quando prevalecerá a utilização da energia hidrelétrica, energia solar, energia eólica, energia das marés, energia das ondas, energia geotérmica, energia da biomassa e energia do hidrogênio. Não existem dúvidas de que as atividades humanas sobre a Terra provocam alterações no meio ambiente em que vivemos. Muitos destes impactos ambientais são provenientes da geração, manuseio e uso da energia com o uso de combustíveis fósseis. A principal razão para a existência desses impactos ambientais reside no fato de que o consumo mundial de energia primária proveniente de fontes não renováveis (petróleo, carvão, gás natural e nuclear) corresponde a aproximadamente 88% do total, cabendo apenas 12% às fontes renováveis. Independentemente das várias soluções que venham a ser adotadas para eliminar ou mitigar as causas do efeito estufa, a mais importante ação é, sem dúvidas, a adoção de medidas que contribuam para a eliminação ou redução do consumo de combustíveis fósseis na produção de energia, bem como para seu uso mais eficiente nos transportes, na indústria, na agropecuária e nas cidades (residências e comércio), haja vista que o uso e a produção de energia são responsáveis por 57% dos gases de estufa emitidos pela atividade humana. Neste sentido, é imprescindível a implantação de um sistema de energia sustentável no mundo. Em um sistema de energia sustentável, a matriz energética mundial só deveria contar com fontes de energia limpa e renováveis (hidroelétrica, solar, eólica, hidrogênio, geotérmica, das marés, das ondas e biomassa), não devendo contar, portanto, com o uso dos combustíveis fósseis (petróleo, carvão e gás natural).
LA LOI DE L'ENTROPIE ET LA CONQUÊTE DE L'IMMORTALITÉ DE L'ÊTRE HUMAIN.pdfFaga1939
Cet article vise à analyser les possibilités d'atteindre l'immortalité humaine face à l'obstacle que représente la loi de l'entropie qui mesure le degré de désordre dans un système. L'entropie dans les systèmes biologiques, par exemple, s'explique lorsqu'un être vivant, lorsqu'il effectue un travail, une partie de la chaleur produite maintient son corps au chaud, mais une grande partie se dissipe dans l'environnement qui l'entoure, provoquant une grande fraction de l’énergie provenant de ses sources de combustible à transformer en chaleur. L'effet net du processus originel (diminution de l'entropie de l'être vivant) et du transfert d'énergie (augmentation de l'entropie dans l'environnement extérieur) est une augmentation générale de l'entropie de l'Univers. Tout le monde s’accorde à dire que grâce à l’entropie, le désordre de la vie se produit, les galaxies s’enfonçant dans des trous noirs, les étoiles se transformant en poussière de carbone, les moteurs de voitures et d’avions s’usant et vieillissant nous conduisant à la mort. En juin 2019, une équipe de scientifiques de l'Université technique de Munich et de l'Institut Max Planck de physique et de systèmes complexes a annoncé qu'une exception à cette règle universelle avait été trouvée dans le mystérieux monde quantique avec le phénomène de « quasi-particule » qui se produit. dans une série de cycles sans fin, les rendant en fait immortels. Ce fait continue de stimuler les discussions sur un ancien désir humain : l’immortalité du corps humain. Dans le passé, l’homme cherchait à vaincre la mort à travers les religions. À l’époque contemporaine, les gens ont commencé à croire qu’il serait possible de vaincre la mort grâce à l’utilisation de la science et de la technologie. L’année 2045 marquera le début d’une ère dans laquelle la médecine pourra offrir à l’humanité la possibilité de vivre une époque jamais vue dans l’histoire. Nous ne serons qu’à quelques pas de l’immortalité. Compte tenu de la rapidité des innovations, une personne née en 2050 aura 95 % de chances de vivre mille ans. Tous ces efforts visant à atteindre l’immortalité parviendront-ils à vaincre les forces imposées par la loi de l’entropie ? Dans quelle mesure l’immortalité des « quasi-particules » peut-elle contribuer à rendre les êtres humains immortels ? Dans quelle mesure la science et la technologie contribueront-elles à l’obtention de l’immortalité des êtres humains ?
THE LAW OF ENTROPY AND THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HUMAN BEING IMMORTALITY.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to analyze the possibilities of achieving human immortality in the face of the obstacle represented by the law of entropy that measures the degree of disorder in a system. Entropy in biological systems, for example, is explained when a living being, when performing work, part of the heat produced keeps its body warm, but a large part dissipates in the environment around it, causing a large fraction of the energy of its fuel sources are transformed into heat. The net effect of the original process (decrease in the entropy of the living being) and the transfer of energy (increase in entropy in the external environment) is a general increase in the entropy of the Universe. Everyone agrees that thanks to entropy, the disorder of life occurs, with galaxies sinking into black holes, stars turning into carbon dust, car and airplane engines wearing out and aging leading us to death. In June 2019, a team of scientists from the Technical University of Munich and the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Complex Systems announced that an exception to this universal rule had been found in the mysterious quantum world with the “quasi-particle” phenomenon that occurs in a series of endless cycles, making them, in fact, immortal. This fact continues to stimulate discussions about an ancient human desire: the immortality of the human body. In the past, man sought to overcome death through religions. In the contemporary era, people began to believe that it would be possible to overcome death through the use of science and technology. The year 2045 will mark the beginning of an era in which medicine will be able to offer humanity the possibility of living for a time never seen in history. We will be just a few steps away from immortality. Considering the speed of innovations, a person born in 2050 will have a 95% chance of living a thousand years. Will all this effort aimed at achieving immortality be able to overcome the forces imposed by the law of entropy? To what extent can the immortality of “quasi-particles” contribute to making human beings immortal? To what extent will science and technology contribute to the achievement of immortality for human beings?
A LEI DA ENTROPIA E A CONQUISTA DA IMORTALIDADE DO SER HUMANO.pdfFaga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as possibilidades de conquista da imortalidade do ser humano diante do obstáculo representado pela lei da entropia que mede o grau de desordem de um sistema. A entropia nos sistemas biológicos, por exemplo, se explica quando o ser vivo, ao realizar trabalho, parte do calor produzido conserva seu corpo aquecido, mas uma grande parte se dissipa no ambiente a seu redor, fazendo com que uma grande fração da energia de suas fontes de combustíveis seja transformada em calor. O efeito líquido do processo original (diminuição da entropia do ser vivo) e a transferência de energia (aumento de entropia no meio exterior) é um aumento geral na entropia do Universo. Todos concordam que graças à entropia, ocorre a desordem da vida, com as galáxias afundando em buracos negros, as estrelas virando poeira de carbono, motores de carros e aviões se desgastando e o envelhecimento nos encaminhando à morte. Em junho de 2019, uma equipe de cientistas da Universidade Técnica de Munique e do Instituto Max Planck de Física e Sistemas Complexos anunciou que foi encontrada uma exceção à esta regra universal no misterioso mundo quântico com o fenômeno das “quase-partículas” que ocorre numa série de ciclos intermináveis, tornando-as, de fato, imortais. O fato não deixa de estimular discussões sobre um milenar desejo humano: a imortalidade do corpo humano. No passado, o homem procurava superar a morte através das religiões. Na era contemporânea, passou-se a acreditar que seria possível vencer a morte com o uso da ciência e da tecnologia. O ano de 2045 marcará o início de uma era em que a medicina poderá oferecer à humanidade a possibilidade de viver por um tempo jamais visto na história. Estaremos a poucos passos da imortalidade. Considerando a rapidez das inovações, uma pessoa nascida em 2050 terá 95% de chance de viver mil anos. Todo este esforço voltado para a conquista da imortalidade será capaz de vencer as forças impostas pela lei da entropia? Até que ponto a imortalidade das “quase-partículas” poderá contribuir para tornar os seres humanos imortais? Até que ponto a ciência e a tecnologia contribuirão para a conquista da imortalidade dos seres humanos?
PEACE BETWEEN ISRAEL AND PALESTINE REQUIRES EXTREMISTS OUT OF POWER AND RESTR...Faga1939
This article aims to demonstrate the need for Israeli and Palestinian extremists to be removed from power and for the UN to be restructured so that there is peace between Israel and Palestine. The construction of peace can only happen in the Palestine region if the Jewish people in Israel and throughout the world, as well as the Palestinians, politically repel the extremists who exercise power in their territories and establish governments that seek conciliation between the Jewish and Palestinian peoples. It can be said that there is only one solution to the conflict between Palestine and Israel: on the one hand, Israel needs to accept the constitution of the Palestinian State, seek a fair and negotiated solution regarding Jerusalem and the fate of Palestinian refugees and end the settlements Jews in the West Bank and, on the other, Palestinians need to recognize the State of Israel because neither Palestinians nor Israelis can impose their will on each other. Neither the right-wing extremists who govern Israel nor the Palestinian extremist groups will be able to impose their will by force of arms in Palestine. It is unlikely that the conflict between Palestinians and Jews will be resolved today because existing international institutions are not capable of building a negotiated solution to the conflict between these two peoples and between Israel, Iran and the Arab countries. This means that there is an urgent need to restructure the international system to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine, between Russia and Ukraine and all international conflicts that may occur in the future. The time has come for humanity to promote the construction of world peace and to exercise control over its destiny. To achieve these objectives, it is urgent to restructure the UN with a view to transforming it into a democratic government of the world that constitutes the only means of survival for the human species.
PAZ ENTRE ISRAEL E PALESTINA EXIGE EXTREMISTAS FORA DO PODER E REESTRUTURAÇÃO...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a necessidade de que extremistas israelenses e palestinos sejam colocados fora do poder e haja a reestruturação da ONU para que haja paz entre Israel e Palestina. A construção da paz só poderá acontecer na região da Palestina se o povo judeu em Israel e no mundo inteiro, bem como os palestinos repelirem politicamente os extremistas que exercem o poder em seus territórios e constituírem governos que busquem a conciliação entre os povos judeu e palestino. Pode-se afirmar que só há uma solução para o conflito entre Palestina e Israel: de um lado, Israel precisa aceitar a constituição do Estado palestino, buscar uma solução justa e negociada sobre Jerusalém e sobre o destino de refugiados palestinos e acabar com os assentamentos judeus na Cisjordânia e, de outro, os palestinos precisam reconhecer o Estado de Israel porque nem palestinos nem israelenses podem impor sua vontade um ao outro. Nem os extremistas de direita que governam Israel nem os grupos extremistas palestinos terão condições de impor sua vontade pela força das armas na Palestina. É pouco provável que o conflito entre palestinos e judeus seja solucionado na atualidade porque as instituições internacionais existentes não são capazes de construir uma saída negociada para o conflito entre estes dois povos e entre Israel, o Irã e os países árabes. Isto significa dizer que urge a reestruturação do sistema internacional para solucionar o conflito entre Israel e Palestina, entre Rússia e Ucrânia e todos os conflitos internacionais que venham a ocorrer no futuro. É chegada a hora da humanidade promover a construção da paz mundial e de exercer o controle de seu destino. Para alcançar estes objetivos, urge a reestruturação da ONU visando transformá-la em um governo democrático do mundo que se constitui no único meio de sobrevivência da espécie humana.
HOW TO OVERCOME DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN THE WORLD WE...Faga1939
This article aims to present the causes of depression and anxiety in individuals, which are considered the evils of the century, and the solutions that would allow them to be overcome. Depression and anxiety affect more than 300 million people worldwide. In Brazil, the disorder affects around 18.6 million individuals, according to data from PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), which corresponds to 9.3% of the population.
COMO SUPERAR A DEPRESSÃO E A ANSIEDADE NA VIDA DAS PESSOAS NO MUNDO EM QUE VI...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as causas da depressão e da ansiedade nos indivíduos, que são consideradas os males do século, e as soluções que permitiriam superá-las. A depressão e a ansiedade atingem mais de 300 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. No Brasil, o transtorno afeta cerca de 18,6 milhões de indivíduos, conforme dados da OPAS (Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde), o que corresponde a 9,3% da população.
HOW TO PLAN CITIES TO COPE WITH EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present what and how to do to promote cities planning capable of facing extreme weather events. Floods have been recurring in cities in several countries around the world, including Brazil. There is a drastic change in the Earth's climate thanks to global warming, which is contributing to the occurrence of floods in cities that are recurring in an increasingly catastrophic way in their effects. The floods that devastated some cities in western and southern Germany, Henan in China and London in England in 2021 and, currently, in Rio Grande do Sul demonstrate the vulnerability of highly populated areas to catastrophic floods. Water-related disasters caused worldwide losses of US$306 billion between 1980 and 2016. To cope with extreme weather events in cities, flood control must be carried out, which concerns all methods used to reduce or prevent the harmful effects of water action. Structural measures must be adopted with engineering works aimed at correcting and/or preventing problems arising from floods and non-structural measures which are those that seek to prevent and/or reduce the damage and consequences of floods, not through engineering works, but through the introduction of standards, regulations and programs that aim, for example, to regulate land use and occupation, implementation of alert systems and public awareness. The municipal government plays a fundamental role in preventing flooding, floods and floods in cities. To this end, a municipal development master plan must be drawn up that includes, among other measures, the adoption of solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks faced by the population, the systematic identification of risk areas in order to establish population settlement rules. Three bodies are essential in flood prevention actions in a municipality: 1) the municipal civil defense body; 2) the body responsible for the meteorological service responsible for reporting the climate forecast for the city and/or region; and, 3) community civil defense centers, which are people who work voluntarily in civil defense activities.
COMO PLANEJAR AS CIDADES PARA ENFRENTAR EVENTOS CLIMÁTICOS EXTREMOS.pdfFaga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o que e como fazer para promover o planejamento das cidades capaz de enfrentar eventos climáticos extremos. Tem sido recorrente a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades em vários países do mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Está havendo uma mudança drástica no clima da Terra graças ao aquecimento global que está contribuindo para a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades que se repetem de forma cada vez mais catastrófica em seus efeitos. As inundações que devastaram algumas cidades do oeste e do sul da Alemanha, Henan na China e Londres na Inglaterra em 2021 e, no momento, no Rio Grande do Sul demonstram a vulnerabilidade de áreas altamente populosas a enchentes catastróficas. Os desastres relacionados com a água causaram perdas mundiais de US$ 306 bilhões entre 1980 e 2016. Para fazer frente a eventos climáticos extremos nas cidades, é preciso que seja realizado o controle de inundações que diz respeito a todos os métodos usados para reduzir ou impedir os efeitos prejudiciais da ação das águas. Devem ser adotadas medidas estruturais com obras de engenharia visando a correção e / ou prevenção de problemas decorrentes de inundações e medidas não estruturais que são aquelas que buscam prevenir e / ou reduzir os danos e consequências das inundações, não por meio de obras de engenharia, mas pela introdução de normas, regulamentos e programas que visam, por exemplo, disciplinar o uso e ocupação do solo, implementação de sistemas de alerta e conscientização da população. A prefeitura municipal tem um papel fundamental no sentido de evitar alagamentos, enchentes e inundações nas cidades. Para tanto, deve elaborar um plano diretor de desenvolvimento municipal que contemple, entre outras medidas, a adoção de soluções para minimizar ou eliminar os riscos enfrentados pela população, a identificação sistemática de áreas de risco a fim de estabelecer regras de assentamento da população. Três órgãos são essenciais nas ações de prevenção a enchentes em um município: 1) o órgão municipal de defesa civil; 2) o órgão responsável pelo serviço de meteorologia responsável por informar a previsão do clima da cidade e/ou região; e, 3) os núcleos comunitários de defesa civil, que são pessoas que trabalham de forma voluntária nas atividades de defesa civil.
LES OBSTACLES QUI ENTRAVENT LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DU BRÉSIL À L'ÈRE CONTEMPORAINE ...Faga1939
Cet article vise à démontrer que le gouvernement Lula est confronté à deux défis majeurs dans ses efforts pour promouvoir le développement économique et social du Brésil. Le premier défi, d'ordre économique, est représenté par les obstacles qui existent avec la politique de plafonnement des dépenses, malgré la flexibilité offerte par le cadre budgétaire et l'existence d'une Banque centrale indépendante, qui rendent le gouvernement brésilien incapable de coordonner ses politiques monétaires et fiscales, réaliser des investissements publics dans l'expansion de l'économie et obtenir la stabilité macroéconomique et, le deuxième défi, de nature politique, est représenté par les obstacles existant au Congrès national du fait qu'il ne dispose pas de majorité au parlement, ce qui empêche le gouvernement fédéral de mettre en pratique son projet de développement national et de répondre pleinement aux exigences sociales. Pour que les forces progressistes brésiliennes puissent réélire le président Lula lors des élections présidentielles de 2026 et obtenir une majorité parlementaire au Congrès national engagé en faveur du progrès politique, économique et social, le gouvernement Lula devra réussir sur le front économique, en promouvant l'expansion du l'économie, en augmentant de manière significative en générant des emplois et des revenus, en maîtrisant l'inflation et en répondant au maximum aux revendications sociales qui profitent avant tout aux populations mal desservies du pays. Les forces progressistes du Brésil doivent s'engager, dès les élections municipales de 2024, à élire le nombre maximum de maires et de conseillers engagés dans les avancées politiques, économiques et sociales du Brésil. Telles sont les conditions pour empêcher, en 2026, les extrémistes de droite de reconquérir la présidence de la République, d’élargir leur participation aux gouvernements des États et au Congrès national et de mettre en pratique leur infâme projet antisocial et antinational.
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...Faga1939
This article aims to demonstrate that the Lula government is faced with two major challenges in its effort to promote Brazil's economic and social development. The first challenge, of an economic nature, is represented by the obstacles that exist with the spending cap policy, despite the flexibility provided by the fiscal framework and the existence of an independent Central Bank, which make the Brazilian government unable to coordinate its fiscal and monetary policies, make public investments in the expansion of the economy and obtain macroeconomic stability and, the second challenge, of a political nature, is represented by the obstacles existing in the National Congress due to the fact that it does not have a majority in parliament, which prevents the federal government from putting its national developmental project into practice and fully meet social demands. For Brazil's progressive forces to re-elect President Lula in the 2026 presidential elections and obtain a parliamentary majority in the National Congress committed to political, economic and social advances, the Lula government will have to be successful on the economic front, promoting the expansion of the economy, increasing significantly generating jobs and income, keeping inflation under control and meeting the maximum social demands that benefit, above all, the country's underserved populations. Brazil's progressive forces need to commit, starting from the 2024 municipal elections, towards to elect the maximum number of mayors and councilors committed to Brazil's political, economic and social advances. These are the conditions to prevent, in 2026, right-wing extremists from regaining the Presidency of the Republic, expanding their participation in state governments and the National Congress and putting their nefarious anti-social and anti-national project into practice.
L'ÉVOLUTION DE L'ÉDUCATION AU BRÉSIL À TRAVERS L'HISTOIRE ET LES EXIGENCES DE...Faga1939
Cet article vise à présenter l’évolution de l’éducation au Brésil à travers l’histoire et les exigences de son développement futur. De 1500 jusqu'au XIXe siècle, l'éducation brésilienne s'est concentrée exclusivement sur la formation des classes supérieures, dans le but de les préparer aux activités politico-bureaucratiques et aux professions libérales, presque toujours en charge ou sous l'influence de l'initiative religieuse privée. La relation ombilicale entre l'Église catholique et la puissance coloniale portugaise s'est maintenue au Brésil même après son indépendance en 1822 pendant la période impériale et a pris fin avec la Proclamation de la République avec le divorce officiel entre l'Église et l'État. Au niveau des politiques publiques, plusieurs tentatives de réforme éducative de la part du gouvernement central républicain ont fini par perpétuer le modèle éducatif hérité de la période coloniale. La première LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira) de l’histoire de l’éducation brésilienne n’a pas brisé le binôme d’élitisme et d’exclusion qui s’était manifesté dans l’éducation brésilienne depuis la période coloniale. La LDB de 1961 a permis la cohabitation entre écoles publiques et privées. Cette situation éducative en vigueur au Brésil dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle a suscité une critique acerbe de la part de Paulo Freire. En 1982, des projets éducatifs alternatifs à l'enseignement technique imposé par la dictature militaire ont émergé, comme ce qui s'est passé à Rio de Janeiro sous le gouvernement de Leonel Brizola, qui a mis en œuvre les soi-disant CIEP (Centres intégrés d'éducation publique), qui étaient des écoles à temps plein. Mais ces expériences éducatives adoptées de manière autonome et conformément aux corrélations de forces qui s’établissaient entre les tendances pédagogiques existantes étaient destinées à être de courte durée, comme cela s’est effectivement produit. Avec la fin de la dictature militaire au Brésil, la dernière décennie du XXe siècle a été marquée par l'adoption du modèle économique néolibéral qui a porté préjudice aux politiques publiques, notamment éducatives, car il a permis la croissance du secteur privé, principalement dans le contexte de l'enseignement supérieur, tandis que dans les écoles publiques, l'enseignement est devenu encore plus inefficace, une situation qui perdure aujourd'hui. Mais aujourd'hui, l'exclusion des classes populaires a eu lieu parce que l'école publique ne garantit pas l'apprentissage effectif des connaissances essentielles requises par la société brésilienne. De ce qui précède, on peut conclure qu’il reste encore une tâche majeure à accomplir pour la société brésilienne contemporaine : la consolidation effective d’écoles publiques, laïques et de qualité pour tous. À l'époque contemporaine, il est urgent de promouvoir une révolution dans le système éducatif brésilien, ce qui est devenu nécessaire parce que les mauvaises performances du système éducatif brésilien.
THE EVOLUTION OF EDUCATION IN BRAZIL THROUGHOUT HISTORY AND THE REQUIREMENTS ...Faga1939
This article aims to present the evolution of education in Brazil throughout history and the requirements for its future development. From 1500 until the 19th century, Brazilian education focused exclusively on training the upper classes, with the aim of preparing them for political-bureaucratic activities and liberal professions, almost always in charge of or under the influence of private religious initiative. The umbilical relationship between the Catholic Church and the Portuguese colonial power was maintained in Brazil even after its independence in 1822 during the imperial period and came to an end with the Proclamation of the Republic when there was an official divorce between Church and State. At the level of public policies, there were several attempts at educational reform by the republican central government that ended up perpetuating the educational model inherited from the colonial period. The first LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira) in the history of Brazilian education did not break the binomial of elitism and exclusion that had manifested itself in Brazilian education since the colonial period. The LDB of 1961 made it possible for public and private schools to cohabit. This educational situation in force in Brazil in the second half of the 20th century had a scathing critic in Paulo Freire. In 1982, alternative educational projects emerged to the technical education imposed by the military dictatorship, such as what occurred in Rio de Janeiro during the government of Leonel Brizola, which implemented the so-called CIEPs (Integrated Centers for Public Education), which were full-time schools. But these educational experiences adopted autonomously and in accordance with the correlations of forces that were established between existing pedagogical trends were destined to be short-lived, as in fact happened. With the end of the military dictatorship in Brazil, the last decade of the 20th century was marked by the adoption of the neoliberal economic model that harmed public policies, in particular education, as it allowed the growth of the private sector, mainly in the context of higher education, while In public schools, teaching became even more inefficient, a situation that continues today. Now, however, the exclusion of the popular classes took place because the State school does not guarantee the effective learning of the essential knowledge required by Brazilian society. From the above, it can be concluded that there is still a major task to be resolved by contemporary Brazilian society: the effective consolidation of state, public, secular and quality schools for all. In the contemporary era, there is an urgent need to promote a revolution in Brazil's education system, which has become necessary because the poor performance of Brazil's education system results, among other factors, above all from insufficient investments in Brazilian education.
A EVOLUÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL AO LONGO DA HISTÓRIA E OS REQUISITOS PARA SE...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a evolução da educação do Brasil ao longo da história e os requisitos para seu futuro desenvolvimento. De 1500 até o século XIX, a educação brasileira voltou-se exclusivamente à formação das camadas superiores, no intuito de prepará-las para as atividades político-burocráticas e das profissões liberais quase sempre a cargo ou sob a influência da iniciativa privada religiosa. A relação umbilical entre a Igreja Católica e o poder colonial português foi mantido no Brasil mesmo após sua independência ocorrida em 1822 durante o período imperial e chegou ao fim com a Proclamação da República quando houve o divórcio oficial entre Igreja e Estado. Ao nível das políticas públicas, houve várias tentativas de reforma educacional por parte do governo central republicano que acabaram por perpetuar o modelo educacional herdado do período colonial. A primeira LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira) da história da educação brasileira não rompeu o binômio do elitismo e da exclusão que se manifestava na educação brasileira desde o período colonial. A LDB de 1961 possibilitou a coabitação da escola pública e da particular. Esta situação educacional vigente no Brasil da segunda metade do século XX teve em Paulo Freire um crítico contundente. Em 1982, surgiram projetos educacionais alternativos ao ensino tecnicista imposto pela ditadura militar, como o que ocorreu no Rio de Janeiro durante o governo de Leonel Brizola que implementou os chamados CIEPs (Centros Integrados de Educação Pública) que eram escolas de período integral. Mas essas experiências educacionais adotadas de forma autônoma e de acordo com as correlações de forças que se estabeleciam entre as tendências pedagógicas existentes estavam fadadas a ter vida curta como de fato aconteceu. Com o fim da ditadura militar no Brasil, a última década do século XX ficou marcada pela adoção do modelo econômico neoliberal que prejudicou as políticas públicas, em particular a educação, pois permitiu o crescimento do setor privado, principalmente no âmbito do ensino superior, enquanto na escola pública o ensino ficou ainda mais ineficiente, situação esta que se mantem até hoje. Agora, porém, a exclusão das classes populares se realizava porque a escola de Estado não garante a aprendizagem efetiva dos conhecimentos essenciais exigidos pela sociedade brasileira. Pelo exposto, conclui-se que ainda existe uma grande tarefa a ser resolvida pela sociedade brasileira contemporânea: a efetiva consolidação da escola de Estado, pública, laica e de qualidade para todos. Na era contemporânea, urge promover uma revolução no sistema de educação do Brasil, que se tornou necessária porque o péssimo desempenho do sistema de educação do Brasil resulta, entre outros fatores, sobretudo da insuficiência de investimentos na educação brasileira quando comparado com os investimentos em educação dos melhores sistemas de educação do mundo.
LA MONTÉE DE L'ÉDUCATION DANS LE MONDE DE LA PRÉHISTOIRE À L'ÈRE CONTEMPORAIN...Faga1939
Cet article vise à présenter l’évolution de l’éducation dans le monde du XVIIIe siècle au XXIe siècle. Cet article représente la suite de la Partie 1 de l'article qui aborde l'évolution de l'éducation dans le monde de la Préhistoire au XVIIIe siècle. Le XVIIIe siècle a été un moment marquant dans l'histoire de l'humanité car c'est à cette époque que l'éducation était considérée comme un droit pour tous, qu'il y avait l'obligation de l'État de maintenir les écoles, le droit à l'enseignement public gratuit et la garantie que l'école publique n'était sous la domination d'aucune croyance religieuse (laïcité). La première révolution industrielle et la naissance des usines ont créé un espace pour l’émergence d’une institution scolaire publique moderne. L'influence catholique dans l'éducation a commencé à décliner. Au XVIIIe siècle, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, considéré comme le père de la pédagogie moderne, a contribué à l'éducation. La Révolution française de 1789 signifiait que l’intervention de l’État dans l’éducation traditionnellement confiée à l’Église catholique. La politique expansionniste de Napoléon a imposé en Europe des lignes directrices laïques, étatiques et civiles dans la réorganisation des systèmes éducatifs à partir de 1794. Au XIXe siècle naissent les pédagogies de Pestalozzi, ainsi que les pédagogies positiviste et socialiste. Au XXe siècle, le débat pédagogique impliquait deux courants théoriques majeurs : la Nouvelle École et la conception marxiste, la première identifiée au capitalisme et la seconde au socialisme. L'Escola Nova a été le mouvement pédagogique qui a eu la plus grande influence sur l'éducation au XXe siècle. Au XXe siècle, plusieurs innovations pédagogiques originales ont eu lieu dans les pays en développement, comme celle menée par Paulo Freire au Brésil. Au 21ème siècle, à l'ère contemporaine, l'enseignement ne se résume plus seulement en présentiel pour devenir également du non-présentiel ou partiellement en présentiel avec l'enseignement à distance (EAD). Le grand défi éducatif de l’avenir est de réaliser une vaste révolution dans l’enseignement, y compris la qualification des enseignants et la structuration des unités d’enseignement pour s’adapter aux besoins imposés par les progrès technologiques.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
THE THREATS OF EXTINCTION TO HUMANITY COMING FROM OUTER SPACE, HOW TO DEAL WITH THEM AND HOW TO AVOID THEM.pdf
1. 1
THE THREATS OF EXTINCTION OF HUMANITY COMING FROM OUTER
SPACE, HOW TO DEAL WITH THEM AND HOW TO AVOID THEM
Fernando Alcoforado*
This article aims to present what needs to be done to contribute to the adoption of
scientific and technological solutions to prevent the extinction of humanity from threats
that exist in outer space and that could reach planet Earth. The threats to the survival of
humanity were analyzed in our books A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua
sobrevivência (A threatened humanity and strategies for its survival) with the subtitle
Como salvar a humanidade das ameaças à sua extinção (How to save humanity from
threats to its extinction) published by Editora Dialética de São Paulo in 2021 [1] and
“How to protect human beings from threats to their existence and avoid the extinction of
humanity” published by Generis Publishing of Europe (Chișinău, Republic of Moldova)
in 2023 [2].
There are countless threats to humanity's survival coming from outer space today and in
the short, medium and long term future. The threats that exist in outer space concern: 1)
collision on planet Earth of asteroids, comets or pieces of comets; 2) collision on planet
Earth of planets of the solar system; 3) collision on planet Earth of orphan planets
wandering in outer space; 4) emission of cosmic rays, especially gamma rays emitted by
supernova stars; 5) catastrophic consequences on the Earth's environment resulting from
the continued distancing of the Moon from the Earth; 6) death of the Sun; 7) collision of
the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies where the Earth is located; and, 8) end of the
Universe. All these catastrophic events, which could occur in the short, medium and long
term, could contribute to humanity being driven to extinction as a species if nothing is
done to protect humanity.
The collision of asteroids and comets or pieces of comets on planet Earth
The collision on planet Earth of asteroids and comets or pieces of comets, which threaten
to collide with Earth, requires the adoption of strategies to avoid their collisions with
Earth (Figure 1).
Figure 1- Collision of asteroids and comets with planet Earth
Source: https://br.sputniknews.com/ciencia_tecnologia/2019092114542394-rota-de-colisao-nasa-rastreia-
asteroide-em-direcao-a-terra-neste-sabado/
2. 2
To deal with asteroids that could collide with planet Earth, the strategy consists of
diverting them from their course if they are detected with enough time to launch
interceptors. The same solution must be adopted for comets whose pieces may reach
planet Earth. It is very important that there is constant monitoring of outer space to
identify not only asteroids, but also comets or pieces of comets, which could collide with
the Earth and powerful rockets capable of diverting them from their routes are developed.
Another alternative is to destroy threatening asteroids and comets with the use of nuclear
bombs if they are at a great distance from planet Earth [1] [2] [3] [4].
The collision on planet Earth of planets of the solar system
The collision of planets in the solar system on planet Earth requires the adoption of
strategies to promote constant monitoring of outer space to identify the threat of
destabilization of the solar system by the planet Mercury and other planets and research
to identify possible locations outside the solar system with the possibility of being
inhabited by human beings to plan their escape, as is the case with the exoplanet "Proxima
b", which orbits a star that is part of the Alpha Centauri system, the closest to the solar
system, where space colonies would be established that would require great scientific
advancement and technological to make them viable [1] [2] [5] [8] (Figure 2).
Figure 2- Collision of planets in the solar system with planet Earth
Source: https://www.infoescola.com/astronomia/planetas-do-sistema-solar/
The collision on planet Earth of orphan planets
The collision on planet Earth of orphan planets that roam in outer space requires constant
monitoring of outer space to identify orphan planets that could collide with Earth and
determine the time of their collision with a view to adopting measures that indicate the
need to plan the escape of human beings to other places located in the solar system such
as Mars, Titan (Saturn's moon) and Callisto (Jupiter's moon) with the possibility of being
inhabited by human beings with the implementation of space colonies that would require
great scientific and technological advances to make them viable [1] [2] [6] (Figure 3).
3. 3
Figure 3- Collision of orphan planets with planet Earth
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92cO0L1rETU
The emission of cosmic rays, especially gamma rays emitted by supernova stars
The emission of cosmic rays from the Sun and outer space requires the adoption of
strategies that allow: 1) using the Soho satellite, which operates in an intermediate
position between the Earth and the Sun, to detect explosions on the solar surface and send
messages about the arrival of the storm cosmic approach to Earth to avoid damage to
electricity distribution networks and satellite operators can protect themselves by
correcting satellite courses or turning off their equipment; and, 2) protect human beings
from cosmic radiation in long-term space travel in outer space, promoting scientific and
technological advances in addition to increasing the biological capacity of human beings
to undertake space travel and live outside the Earth [1] [2] [7] (Figure 4).
Figure 4- Emission of cosmic rays
Source: https://www.astropt.org/2015/06/07/a-particula-que-quebrou-um-limite-de-velocidade-cosmica/
The emission of gamma rays emitted by supernova stars, which have the power to
annihilate life on Earth, requires the adoption of strategies that allow: 1) the colonization
of other worlds in the solar system, such as Mars among others, before the explosion of
some supernova star whose gamma rays can reach planet Earth; and, 2) monitor the
explosion of supernova stars permanently to assess whether the Earth could be hit by
gamma rays so that, if possible, before and during the occurrence of their explosion, the
necessary measures are adopted to promote escape human beings to places with the
4. 4
possibility of being inhabited in the solar system such as Mars, Titan (Saturn's moon) and
Callisto (Jupiter's moon [1] [2] (Figure 5).
Figure 5- Gamma rays emitted by supernova stars
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ95J9OQVs0
The catastrophic consequences on the Earth's environment resulting from the
Moon's continued distancing from the Earth
Earth and Moon are united by a strong gravitational bond and affect each other (Figure
6).
Figure 6- Earth-Moon System
Source: https://moonblink.info/Eclipse/why/solsys
Because the Earth rotates on its axis faster than the Moon rotates around the Earth, the
greater force of gravity from the water relief on Earth tries to speed up the Moon's
rotation, while the Moon attracts the Earth and slows the planet's rotation. With this
friction, this “tug of war” forces the Moon into a wider orbit, moving away from the Earth.
It was through lasers fired towards reflectors installed on the surface of the Moon by
astronauts from the Apollo mission that it was possible to accurately measure the exact
speed at which the Moon is moving away from Earth. It has been confirmed that it moves
3.8 centimeters away per year. This process must continue until the Moon, which is
currently 384,400 km away from Earth, reaches 560,000 km. When this happens, days on
Earth will become progressively longer. During the night, the temperatures would freeze
everyone to death. Throughout the day, no one could bear the heat. On the coast, there
would be very violent winds of 200 km/h. In terms of life, there would be almost nothing
left, except super-resistant bacteria and worms. When this occurs, the Earth's rotation will
stabilize, the days will be 1,152 hours long and life on the planet will be unviable. The
consequences for the Earth's environment resulting from the continued distancing of the
5. 5
Moon from Earth will therefore be catastrophic. The continued distancing of the Moon
from Earth will require the adoption of human escape strategies to places that can be
inhabited by humans in the solar system, when necessary (Mars, Titan - Saturn's moon
and Callisto - Jupiter's moon) [1] [2].
The death of the Sun
The Sun emerged about 4.6 billion years ago, being one of more than 100 billion stars in
the Milky Way galaxy orbiting around the center of this galaxy at a distance of about 24
to 26 thousand light years from the galactic center . During its evolution, Sun gave rise to
the rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) and the gaseous planets (Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) [1] [2] (Figure 7).
Figure 7- The Sun and its planets
Source: https://olhardigital.com.br/2020/07/31/ciencia-e-espaco/animacao-mostra-que-o-sol-nao-e-o-
centro-do-sistema-solar/
The death of the Sun will occur when it is at an advanced stage of its life. As its fuel
(hydrogen) is consumed, the temperature increases and the Sun expands. As it grows, the
Sun loses mass and dies, bringing the solar system to an end. At this stage, it is called a
red giant. Astronomers' calculations indicate that, when the Sun becomes a red giant, the
diameter of the Sun at its equator will grow to the point of surpassing the planet Mars,
consuming all the rocky planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. And this will, in fact,
be the end of planet Earth [9]. After this stage, the gravitational force begins to prevail
and the Sun begins to shrink. When this happens, the solar system becomes chaos and the
Sun loses a tremendous amount of mass. The evolution of the Sun until its death requires
strategies for human beings to escape from Earth to places with the possibility of being
inhabited in other star systems before the death of the Sun, such as the exoplanet "Proxima
b" orbiting the closest star to the Sun that is part of the Alpha Centauri system which is
4.2 light years from Earth which corresponds to 39.9 trillion kilometers away [1] [2].
The collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies
NASA scientists have revealed that the collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda
galaxies will happen approximately four billion years from now [1] [2] (Figure 8). The
Milky Way is one of the galaxies in the Universe where the solar system is located, which
brings together a group of planets like the Earth that revolve around the Sun (Figure 9).
Both galaxies are attracting each other thanks to the force of gravity that acts between the
bodies. This prediction of the collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies was
possible thanks to measurements carried out by the Hubble Space Telescope when
monitoring the movement of Andromeda, located 2.5 million light years from Earth. The
6. 6
collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies requires the adoption of escape
strategies by human beings to places with the possibility of being inhabited in other
galaxies before the collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies, such as the Canis
Major Dwarf Galaxy located 25 thousand years-light from Earth, which corresponds to
237,500 trillion kilometers away from Earth, which is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way
located in the constellation Canis Major, or the Large Magellanic Cloud which is located
163 thousand light years from Earth, which corresponds to 1,548,500 trillion kilometers
away from Earth [1] [2].
Figure 8- Collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies
Source: https://astronomy-universo.blogspot.com/2012/04/as-bizarras-diferencas-entre-via-Láctea.html
Figure 9- The Solar System in the Milky Way
Source: https://blogs.ne10.uol.com.br/mundobit/2017/05/19/sistema-solar-esta-em-endereco-seguro-
na-via-Láctea-dizem-cientistas-da-usp/
The end of the Universe
The Universe, which is 13.8 billion years old since the Big Bang, could come to an end
considering three scenarios: 1) the thermal death of the Universe; 2) the Big Crunch of
the Universe; or, 3) the Big Rip of the Universe [1] [2] [11]. The thermal death of the
Universe, considered the most likely scenario for the end of the Universe, could occur
between 1 and 100 trillion years if the Universe continues to expand as it currently does.
On a time scale on the order of a trillion years, existing stars will burn out, and the
Universe will go dark and approach a highly entropic state. On a much longer time scale,
galaxies will collapse into black holes that will eventually evaporate. The Universe will
be brought to a frozen state.
7. 7
With the Big Crunch or Great Collapse of the Universe, a scenario that could occur 100
billion years from now, Universe would contract after expansion due to gravitational
attraction until it collapsed in on itself, which would be analogous to a Big Bang
inversion. This scenario assumes an oscillatory Universe, as a cyclical model that
conflicts, however, with current observations that suggest that this universe model is
probably not correct because the expansion of the Universe tends to continue.
With the Big Rip or Great Rupture of the Universe, which could happen in 22 billion
years, the expansion rate of the Universe would increase without limit. Gravitationally
bound systems such as galaxy clusters, galaxies and, ultimately, the solar system would
be torn apart. The expansion of the Universe would be so rapid that it would overcome
the electromagnetic forces that hold molecules and atoms together. The atomic nuclei
would also be torn apart and the Universe would expand so much that the electromagnetic
force that holds things together would fall, causing everything to fall apart.
Figure 10 presents the Universe observable from Earth and Figure 11 presents the
evolution of the Universe from its birth with the Big Bang to its end with the Big Rip.
With the Big Rip, everything in the Universe, even spacetime, will be torn apart by the
expansion of the Universe until the distances between particles become infinite.
Figure 10- Observable universe seen from planet Earth
Source: https://www.facebook.com/decifrandoastronomia/posts/2534658206777733/
Figure 11- From the birth to the end of the Universe
Source: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/geral-38058979
8. 8
With the end of the Universe, the existence of multiverses or parallel universes opens up
the possibility for human beings to survive by heading to other parallel universes [10].
Multiverse is a term used to describe the hypothetical set of possible universes, including
the Universe in which we live. Together, these universes comprise everything that exists:
the totality of space, time, matter, energy, and the physical laws and constants that
describe them. The concept of Multiverse has its roots in extrapolations, up to the moment
of modern Cosmology and Quantum Physics and also encompasses several ideas arising
from the Theory of Relativity in order to configure a scenario in which it may be possible
for the existence of countless universes where, on a scale Globally, all probabilities and
combinations occur in one of the universes. The idea that we live in a multiverse made
up of an infinite number of parallel universes has, for many years, been considered a
scientific possibility. The challenge is to find a way to test this theory [10].
Parallel universes would be, in an analogy, similar to bubbles floating in a larger space
capable of housing them (Figure 12).
Figure 12- Parallel universes
Source: https://www.epochtimes.com.br/multiplas-dimensoes-supercordas-mundos-paralelos/
One of the ideas that Stephen Hawking delved into, by the way, was the concept that there
are many other universes than the one we live in with completely unknown galaxies, stars
and planets [12]. Although there is no evidence that these parallel universes actually exist,
Hawking had been working with Thomas Hertog to prove that it is possible to observe
the cosmos and find evidence of these mysterious places. After Hawking's death, Hertog
remains researching the deepest questions of the Universe at the Institute for Theoretical
Physics at the University of Leuven, in Belgium. According to Hertog, finding evidence
of the Big Bang would add further support to the idea that this type of event is responsible
for creating other universes – a reality that would momentarily alter people's
understanding of space and themselves. In-depth research needs to be carried out to
determine whether or not there is a multiverse or parallel universes where humanity would
head with the end of the Universe in which we live [1] [2].
Carrying out research to elucidate the fate of the Universe and the existence of parallel
universes are very important, but the main one concerns the development of the final
theory or theory of everything or unified field theory because, based on your knowledge,
would collaborate in the sense that science provides the conditions for humanity to face
the threats to its survival that exist in outer space and, above all, collaborate in the sense
of pointing out ways for humanity to survive and escape to parallel universes. The final
theory or theory of everything, that is, the unified field theory, would seek to explain and
connect all physical phenomena into a single theoretical structure, bringing together
9. 9
quantum mechanics and the theory of general relativity in a single theoretical and
mathematical treatment. Completing a theory of everything would also allow us to verify
the consequences of using advanced technologies for the benefit of humanity. Success in
elucidating these cosmological questions will certainly provide the conditions for the
scientific and technological advancement essential to the survival of humanity as a
species [13].
Conclusions
Based on the above, the only possibility for humanity to avoid its extinction from all
threats coming from outer space is for human beings to spread and colonize other worlds
in the Universe. The only threat that does not demand the escape of humans beings to
other worlds in the solar system or outside it is the collision of asteroids and comets or
pieces of comets on planet Earth. The other threats will require human beings to flee to
other worlds. To avoid the threat of extinction of humanity, it is necessary to face the
challenges presented in the article we authored, The human challenges of conquering
space and colonizing other worlds [14], which are described below:
1- Production of rockets that reach speeds close to that of light to travel to the ends of the
Universe
2- Production of technologies capable of protecting human beings during space travel
3- Identification of other worlds similar to Earth capable of being habitable by human
beings
4- Enabling humans to survive in space and in habitable places outside the Earth
The first great human challenge is the production of rockets that are capable of reaching
speeds close to the speed of light (300,000 km/s) given the need to promote intergalactic
travel by human beings to the ends of the Universe and even to universes parallels. This
action is necessary due to the need for human beings to colonize other worlds in the solar
system or outside it, and even in parallel universes. This action is also necessary because
current rockets are quite limited in their escape velocity. The following are being tested:
1) the ion engine, an ion propulsion system, which could reach speeds close to that of
light; and, 2) the Bussard propulsion for spacecraft that could accelerate to a speed close
to the speed of light, and would be a very efficient type of spacecraft.
The second great human challenge is the production of technologies capable of protecting
human beings in space travel, such as those that NASA is developing to protect humans
on Mars: 1) Inflatable thermal shield to land astronauts on other planets; 2) High-tech
space suits for astronauts; 3) Martian house and laboratory on wheels; 4) Uninterruptible
power as a source of reliable energy supply to explore Mars; and, 5) Laser
communications to send more information to Earth.
The third great human challenge is to identify other worlds similar to Earth capable of
being habitable by human beings by designing and sending space probes to carry out
research in possible locations inside and outside the solar system. To date, there is no
evidence that there is another place inside or outside the solar system that is conducive to
life similar to Earth. Currently, there are efforts to colonize the planet Mars. However,
from what is known about Mars, this planet does not present the necessary conditions for
human beings to inhabit it because it does not have a magnetic field or atmosphere and
biosphere similar to those of Earth, as well as having an average gravitational acceleration
of around 38% at of the Earth harmful to human life.
10. 10
The fourth great human challenge is to enable human beings to survive in space and in
habitable places outside the Earth. The colonization of Mars and other worlds in the
Universe indicates that there is an extreme need for the development of more biologically
evolved human beings with the use of science and technology to enable them to defy the
limits imposed by nature and survive as a species today and in the future. It is necessary
to ensure that the formation of supermen and superwomen occurs, which can be achieved
through the use of science and technology (biotechnology, nanotechnology and
neurotechnology) to increase cognitive capacity and overcome the physical and
psychological limitations of humans beings.
REFERENCES
1. ALCOFORADO, Fernando. A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua
sobrevivência. São Paulo: Editora Dialética, 2021.
2. ALCOFORADO, Fernando. How to protect human beings from threats to their
existence and avoid the extinction of humanity. Chișinău, Republic of Moldova:
Generis Publishing, 2023.
3. CNN BRASIL. Missão da Nasa revela detalhes sobre asteroide que pode colidir
com a Terra. Available on the website
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asteroide-que-pode-colidir-com-a-terra/>.
4. TERRA. Maior cometa já descoberto está viajando na direção da Terra.
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5. ASTRO. IF. UFRGS. O Sistema Solar. Available on the website
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6. SAIONETI, Leandro e VAIANO, Bruno. O que são planetas órfãos? Available on the
website <https://super.abril.com.br/mundo-estranho/o-que-sao-planetas-orfaos/>.
7. FLÓRIO, Victória. A origem dos raios cósmicos. Available on the website
<https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/a-origem-dos-raios-cosmicos/>.
8. NOGUEIRA, Salvador. Terra pode vir a colidir com outro planeta no futuro,
alerta simulação. Available on the website
<https://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Ciencia/0,,MUL1190141-5603,00-
TERRA+PODE+VIR+A+COLIDIR+COM+OUTRO+PLANETA+NO+FUTURO+ALERT
A+SIMULACAO.html>.
9. WARD, Peter D.; BROWNLEE, Donald (2002). The Life and Death of Planet
Earth: How the New Science of Astrobiology Charts the Ultimate Fate of Our
World. Nova Iorque: Times Books, Henry Holt and Company.
10. KAKU, Michio (2005). Mundos paralelos. Rio: Editora Rocco Ltda.
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14. ALCOFORADO, Fernando. The human challenges of conquering space and
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11. 11
* Fernando Alcoforado, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System, member
of the Bahia Academy of Education, of the SBPC- Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science and of
IPB- Polytechnic Institute of Bahia, engineer from the UFBA Polytechnic School and doctor in Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, college professor (Engineering,
Economy and Administration) and consultant in the areas of strategic planning, business planning, regional
planning, urban planning and energy systems, was Advisor to the Vice President of Engineering and
Technology at LIGHT S.A. Electric power distribution company from Rio de Janeiro, Strategic Planning
Coordinator of CEPED- Bahia Research and Development Center, Undersecretary of Energy of the State
of Bahia, Secretary of Planning of Salvador, is the author of the books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998),
Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do
Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de
Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento (Editora
Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos Estratégicos
na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the Economic and Social
Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG,
Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica,
Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e combate
ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores
Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no
Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba,
2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua
convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018), Como inventar o futuro para mudar o
mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019), A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua sobrevivência
(Editora Dialética, São Paulo, 2021), A escalada da ciência e da tecnologia e sua contribuição ao progresso
e à sobrevivência da humanidade (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2022), a chapter in the book Flood Handbook
(CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida United States, 2022), How to protect human beings from threats to their
existence and avoid the extinction of humanity (Generis Publishing, Europe, Republic of Moldova,
Chișinău, 2023) and A revolução da educação necessária ao Brasil na era contemporânea (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2023).