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Ligação iônica
Metal Não metal
Tendência de doar elétrons Tendência de receber elétrons
Famílias:
1(IA), 2(IIA), 13(IIIA)
Famílias:
15 (VA), 16(VIA), 17(VIIA)
Tende a doar:
1e, 2 e, 3 e
Tende a receber:
3 e, 2 e, 1e
Formam cátions:
C1+, C2+, C3+
Formam ânions:
A3-, A2-, A1-
7N
11Na 17Cl
20Ca
s21 2 2s2
p3
s21 2 2s2
p6 s21 2 2s2
p6
s21 2 2s2
p6
3s1 3 3s2 p5
3 43s2 s2p6
8O s21 2 2s2
p4
13Al s21 2 2s2
p6 3 3s2 p1
doa 1e
doa 2e
doa 3e
recebe 2e
recebe 3e
recebe 1e
Forma ânionForma cátion
11Na+
20Ca2+
13Al3+ 7N3-
17Cl1-
8O2-
Na+ Cl1- Na+ O2-
N3-Na+
NaCl Na2 O NNa3
Na+ Cu+ Fe2+
Mg2+ Zn2+
Fe3+ Cu2+
Al3+
Cl-
S2-
NO3
-
CO3
2-
SO4
2-
PO4
3-
NaCl CuCl Fe(Cl)2 Mg(Cl)2 Zn(Cl)2 Fe(Cl)3 Cu(Cl)2Al(Cl)3
Al2S3
CuSFe2S3ZnSMgSFeSCu2SNa2S
NaNO3 CuNO3 Fe(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 Cu(NO3)2Al(NO3)3
Na2CO3 Cu2CO3 FeCO3 MgCO3 ZnCO3 Fe2(CO3)3 CuCO3Al2(CO3)3
Al2(SO4)3
CuSO4Fe2(SO4)3ZnSO4MgSO4FeSO4Cu2SO4Na2SO4
Na3PO4 Cu3PO4 Fe3(PO4)2 Mg3(PO4)2 Zn3(PO4)2 FePO4 Cu3(PO4)2AlPO4
Cloreto de
sódio
Cloreto de
cobre I ou
cuproso
Cloreto de
ferro II ou
ferroso
Cloreto de
magnésio
Cloreto de
zinco
Cloreto de
ferro III ou
férrico
Cloreto de
cobre II ou
cúprico
Cloreto de
alumínio
Sulfeto de
sódio
Sulfeto de
cobre I ou
cuproso
Sulfeto de
ferro II ou
ferroso
Sulfeto de
magnésio
Sulfeto de
zinco
Sulfeto de
ferro III ou
férrico
Sulfeto de
cobre II ou
cúprico
Sulfeto de
alumínio
Nitrato de
alumínio
Nitrato de
cobre II ou
cúprico
Nitrato de
ferro III ou
férrico
Nitrato de
zinco
Nitrato de
magnésio
Nitrato de
ferro II ou
ferroso
Nitrato de
cobre I ou
cuproso
Nitrato de
sódio
Carbonato
de sódio
Carbonato
de cobre I
ou cuproso
Carbonato de
ferro II ou
ferroso
Carbonato de
magnésio
Carbonato de
zinco
Carbonato de
ferro III ou
férrico
Carbonato de
cobre II ou
cúprico
Carbonato de
alumínio
Sulfato
de sódio
Sulfato de
alumínio
Sulfato
de cobre I
ou cuproso
Sulfato de
ferro II ou
ferroso
Sulfato de
magnésio
Sulfato de
zinco
Sulfato de
ferro III ou
férrico
Sulfato de
cobre II ou
cúprico
Fosfato
de sódio
Fosfato de
alumínio
Fosfato
de cobre I
ou cuproso
Fosfato de
ferro II ou
ferroso
Fosfato de
magnésio
Fosfato de
zinco
Fosfato de
ferro III ou
férrico
Fosfato de
cobre II ou
cúprico
Ca2+
Ca(Cl)2
CaS
Ca(NO3)2
CaCO3
CaSO4
Ca3(PO4)2
Cloreto de
cálcio
Sulfeto de
cálcio
Nitrato de
cálcio
Carbonato de
cálcio
Sulfato de
cálcio
Fosfato de
cálcio
Ag+
AgCl
Ag2S
AgNO3
Ag2CO3
Ag2SO4
Ag3PO4
Cloreto de
prata
Sulfeto de
prata
Nitrato de
prata
Carbonato
de prata
Sulfato
de prata
Fosfato
de prata
NH4
+
NH4Cl
(NH4)2S
NH4NO3
(NH4)2CO3
(NH4)2SO4
(NH4)3PO4
Cloreto de
amônio
Sulfeto de
amônio
Nitrato de
amônio
Carbonato de
amônio
Sulfato de
amônio
Fosfato de
amônio

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Exemplos ligacao ionica

  • 1.
  • 2. Ligação iônica Metal Não metal Tendência de doar elétrons Tendência de receber elétrons Famílias: 1(IA), 2(IIA), 13(IIIA) Famílias: 15 (VA), 16(VIA), 17(VIIA) Tende a doar: 1e, 2 e, 3 e Tende a receber: 3 e, 2 e, 1e Formam cátions: C1+, C2+, C3+ Formam ânions: A3-, A2-, A1- 7N 11Na 17Cl 20Ca s21 2 2s2 p3 s21 2 2s2 p6 s21 2 2s2 p6 s21 2 2s2 p6 3s1 3 3s2 p5 3 43s2 s2p6 8O s21 2 2s2 p4 13Al s21 2 2s2 p6 3 3s2 p1 doa 1e doa 2e doa 3e recebe 2e recebe 3e recebe 1e Forma ânionForma cátion 11Na+ 20Ca2+ 13Al3+ 7N3- 17Cl1- 8O2- Na+ Cl1- Na+ O2- N3-Na+ NaCl Na2 O NNa3
  • 3. Na+ Cu+ Fe2+ Mg2+ Zn2+ Fe3+ Cu2+ Al3+ Cl- S2- NO3 - CO3 2- SO4 2- PO4 3- NaCl CuCl Fe(Cl)2 Mg(Cl)2 Zn(Cl)2 Fe(Cl)3 Cu(Cl)2Al(Cl)3 Al2S3 CuSFe2S3ZnSMgSFeSCu2SNa2S NaNO3 CuNO3 Fe(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 Cu(NO3)2Al(NO3)3 Na2CO3 Cu2CO3 FeCO3 MgCO3 ZnCO3 Fe2(CO3)3 CuCO3Al2(CO3)3 Al2(SO4)3 CuSO4Fe2(SO4)3ZnSO4MgSO4FeSO4Cu2SO4Na2SO4 Na3PO4 Cu3PO4 Fe3(PO4)2 Mg3(PO4)2 Zn3(PO4)2 FePO4 Cu3(PO4)2AlPO4 Cloreto de sódio Cloreto de cobre I ou cuproso Cloreto de ferro II ou ferroso Cloreto de magnésio Cloreto de zinco Cloreto de ferro III ou férrico Cloreto de cobre II ou cúprico Cloreto de alumínio Sulfeto de sódio Sulfeto de cobre I ou cuproso Sulfeto de ferro II ou ferroso Sulfeto de magnésio Sulfeto de zinco Sulfeto de ferro III ou férrico Sulfeto de cobre II ou cúprico Sulfeto de alumínio Nitrato de alumínio Nitrato de cobre II ou cúprico Nitrato de ferro III ou férrico Nitrato de zinco Nitrato de magnésio Nitrato de ferro II ou ferroso Nitrato de cobre I ou cuproso Nitrato de sódio Carbonato de sódio Carbonato de cobre I ou cuproso Carbonato de ferro II ou ferroso Carbonato de magnésio Carbonato de zinco Carbonato de ferro III ou férrico Carbonato de cobre II ou cúprico Carbonato de alumínio Sulfato de sódio Sulfato de alumínio Sulfato de cobre I ou cuproso Sulfato de ferro II ou ferroso Sulfato de magnésio Sulfato de zinco Sulfato de ferro III ou férrico Sulfato de cobre II ou cúprico Fosfato de sódio Fosfato de alumínio Fosfato de cobre I ou cuproso Fosfato de ferro II ou ferroso Fosfato de magnésio Fosfato de zinco Fosfato de ferro III ou férrico Fosfato de cobre II ou cúprico Ca2+ Ca(Cl)2 CaS Ca(NO3)2 CaCO3 CaSO4 Ca3(PO4)2 Cloreto de cálcio Sulfeto de cálcio Nitrato de cálcio Carbonato de cálcio Sulfato de cálcio Fosfato de cálcio Ag+ AgCl Ag2S AgNO3 Ag2CO3 Ag2SO4 Ag3PO4 Cloreto de prata Sulfeto de prata Nitrato de prata Carbonato de prata Sulfato de prata Fosfato de prata NH4 + NH4Cl (NH4)2S NH4NO3 (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2SO4 (NH4)3PO4 Cloreto de amônio Sulfeto de amônio Nitrato de amônio Carbonato de amônio Sulfato de amônio Fosfato de amônio