1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 16 Evolution of Microbial Life

2. Viruses Reproduce in Living Cells 16-

4. 16-

5. Figure 16.1A Adenovirus, a naked virus, with a polyhedral capsid and a fiber at each corner 16-

6. Figure 16.1B Influenza virus, surrounded by an envelope with spikes 16-

8. Figure 16.2 The lytic and lysogenic cycles in prokaryotes 16-

10. Figure 16.3A The tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is responsible for discoloration in the leaves of tobacco plants 16-

11. Figure 16.3B A virus is responsible for the variegation and streaking in Rembrandt tulips 16-

13. Figure 16.4 Replication of an animal virus 16-

15. Figure 16.5 Reproduction of HIV 16-

17. Figure 16.6A Surgical masks provide protection against the transmission of SARS 16-

18. Figure 16.6B Exterminating possibly infected chickens may protect against bird flu 16-

19. The First Cells Originated on Early Earth 16-

21. Figure 16.7A Laboratory re-creation of chemical evolution in the atmosphere 16-

22. Figure 16.7B Chemical evolution at hydrothermal vents 16-

24. Figure 16.8 The origin of the first cell(s) can be broken down into these steps 16-

26. Figure 16.9A Microspheres, which are made of protein, could have acquired an outer lipid-protein membrane during the origin of the first cell 16-

27. Figure 16.9B Liposomes, which are composed of lipids, have a double-layered outer membrane 16-

30. Both Bacteria and Archaea Are Prokaryotes 16-

32. Figure 16.10A Anatomy of bacteria 16-

33. Figure 16.10B The three shapes of prokaryotes 16-

36. Figure 16.11B Endospores within Clostridium tetani , a bacterium 16-

38. Figure 16.12A Gene transfer by transformation 16-

40. Figure 16.12C Gene transfer by transduction 16-

43. Figure 16.13A Some anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria live in the muddy bottom of eutrophic lakes 16-

44. Figure 16.13B Some chemosynthetic prokaryotes live at hydrothermal vents 16-

49. Figure 16.15B Halophile habitat and structure 16-

50. Figure 16.15C Thermoacidophile habitat and structure 16-

52. Prokaryotes Are Medically Important 16-