2. PRESENTATIoPRESENTATIo
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Monitoring and Data Logging System For a Generator

3. 3
Contents
 Introduction
 Motivation
 Objectives
 Requirements
 Block diagram
 Speed control
 Voltage control
 Data logging

4. Motivation
 The very first reason which motivated us toward
this project is that we wanted some digital
control (Microcontroller Based) for controlling
different parameters of Synchronous Generator.
 In the World of machinery, the control of the
machine has moved almost completely from
analogue electronic to digital. This happened to
the case for the synchronous machine as well.
Synchronous machines are used almost
universally in power stations around the World as
AC generators.
 The objective of this project is to design and
construct a closed loop speed control system for
speed governor, voltage regulator and
protection system for the three - phase
synchronous machine.

5. Objectives
1. Automatic and manual mode
of operation
2. Sensing the system
parameters:
 Current, Voltage
 Temperature
 Frequency
 RPM (Revolution Per
Minute)
3. Controlling the parameters
 Frequency control for
synchronous generator
 Automatic voltage control
4. Protection system
5. Digital display using LCD
6. Serial port interfacing
7. Data logging
8. Uploading data on web page

6. Requirements
 Circuit Designing of Frequency and voltage control modules.
 Programming of 8051 microcontroller. Simulating the
designed circuits on Proteus software.
 Designing PCB for each module.
 Making circuit hardware of modules.
 Assembly of all parts on a single board.
 Finalize checking of the working of all circuit modules.
 Data Logging

8. Block Diagram

9. Speed Control

10. Voltage Control

12. Hardware
 Microcontroller AT89C51
 ADC 0808
 Sine wave to square wave converter
 DC motor (1H.P)
 Synchronous generator (0.3 KW)
 sensors
1.Current transformer
2.Voltage transformer
3.Rpm sensor
4.Temperature sensor LM 35
5. MAX232
6. IR sensor

13. Function of voltage control
circuit:
 8-channel ADC is connected 8051 to measure the analog
parameter.
 4069 is used to convert the sine wave to square wave. This square
wave is applied to 8051 to measure the frequency of AC signal.
 To monitor and display the generator parameters of synchronous
generator on the LCD display.
 To monitor the variations in the value of parameters of generator
to determine whether these values exceed the limit given in the
programming.
 When any value of parameter exceed the predefined limit
specific numbed is send to main control unit through serial port
of microcontroller. This number is recognized in the main control
unit to determine the type of fault.
 A 20x2 LCD is used for displaying the different parameters.

14. Voltage monitoring circuit

15. Interfacing ADC with 8051
M/C

16. Current monitoring circuit

17. Temperature Monitoring
circuit

18. Features of LM 335
 Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)
 Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor
 0.5°C accuracy guarantee able (at +25°C)
 Rated for full −55° to +150°C range
 Suitable for remote applications
 Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
 Operates from 4 to 30 volts
 Less than 60 μA current drain
 Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air
 No linearity only ±1⁄4°C typical
 Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load

19. Speed Monitoring
IR proximity sensor
This sensor can be used to measure the speed of object
moving at a very high speed, like in industry or in
tachometers

20.  The sender is
composed of an IR
LED (D2) in series
with a 470 Ohm
resistor, yielding a
forward current of
7.5 mA.
 The receiver part is
more
complicated, the
2 resistors R5 and
R6 form a voltage
divider which
provides 2.5V at
the anode of the
IR LED


21. MAX 232
 MAX232 is an integrated circuit that
converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to
signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital
logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual
driver/receiver and typically converts the RX,
TX, CTS and RTS signals.

22. PCB layouts

25. HYPER TERMINAL
 HyperTerminal is a built-in windows
program that can be used to
connect to other computers, online
services, and host computers and
other devices using either modem
or a serial DB-9 cable.
 Band Rate = 2400 bits per Sec
 Connection using COM1port

27. DATA LOGGING

29. Queries