Prepared for my teaching internship with the Women's Health Issues course of Kent State University in the Fall of 2015.

1. BIRTH CONTROL
HED 44025-001
11.18.15

2. Birth control, also known as
contraception & fertility control,
are methods or devices used to
prevent pregnancy. Planning,
provision and use of birth control is
called family planning.
http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/interactive/contraception.asp

3. Factors Influencing
Contraceptive Choices
■ Effectiveness
■ Convenience Popularity
■ Availability
■ Comfort/Pleasure/Fun/Spontaneity
■ Religious or personal beliefs
■ Duration of protection
■ Effect on sexual satisfaction
■ Cost
■ Reversibility
■ Side Effects & Risks
■ STI Protection
■ Frequency of Intercourse

4. Nonprescription Methods
■ Abstinence
■ Withdrawal
■ Male Condom
■ Female Condom
■ Spermicides
■ Natural family planning

5. ■ Definition can vary.
■ Theoretical effectiveness= 100%
■ Many ways to give/ receive sexual
pleasure without intercourse
■ Oldest contraceptive method on
record
■ Defined as withdrawing the penis
from vagina prior to ejaculation
■ Theoretical effectiveness= 96%
■ Use effectiveness= 73%
Abstinence Withdrawal

6. ■ Latex, lambskin, and polyurethane
– Lambskin is not as effective in
preventing HIV
■ Theoretical effectiveness= 98%
■ Use effectiveness= 85%
■ Consistent and proper use
Male Condom Female Condom
■ Loose-fitting sheath made of
polyurethane with rings on both
ends
■ Theoretical effectiveness= 95%
■ Use effectiveness= 75%

7. Spermicides
■ Kills or immobilizes sperm on contact
■ Prevents sperm movement toward egg
■ Can include:
– Film
– Suppository
– Gel & foam
■ Theoretical effectiveness= 82%
■ User effectiveness= 71%

8. Prescription Methods
■ Oral Contraceptive pills
■ Contraceptive Patch
■ Vaginal Ring
■ Depo-Provera
■ Implanon/Nexplanon
■ Intrauterine devices (IUD)
■ Diaphragm
■ Cervical cap

10. Oral Contraceptive
■ Combined pills
– Monthly vs. extended cycling options
■ Progestin-only pills
– Higher failure rate than combined pills
■ Theoretical Effectiveness= 99.7 %
■ User Effectiveness= 92%
■ Emergency contraception.
– Taken with 72 hours of unprotected sex
– Should be used as early as possible

11. Contraceptive Patch
■ Combine hormonal method
■ Three weekly patches followed by one week off
■ Theoretical Effectiveness= 99.7%
■ User Effectiveness= 92%
■ Side effects to consider:
– Local skin reaction
– Possible increase in blood clots due to higher levels of estrogen absorbed

12. Vaginal Ring
■ Combine hormonal contraceptive method
■ Inserted in the vagina and left in place for 3 consecutive weeks and then one week
off
■ Exact position of the ring in the vagina is not critical
■ Theoretical Effectiveness= 99.7%
■ User Effectiveness= 92%

13. Depo-Provera
■ Progestin-only contraceptive
■ Shot given every 12 weeks
■ Theoretical Effectiveness= 99.7%
■ User Effectives= 97%
■ Side Effects may include
– Weight gain
– Irregular unpredictable bleeding
– Decrease in bone density

14. Implanon/Nexplanon
■ Subdermal Hormonal Implant
■ Releases Etonogestrel
■ Effective for 3 years
■ Theoretical Effectiveness= 99.5%
■ User Effectiveness= 99.5%
■ Side Effects include:
– Irregular breakthrough bleeding

15. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
■ The risk of upper tract infection is increases in the first 21 days after insertion
– Upper tract infection is related to STIs, not the device itself
■ Mirena
– Progesterone releasing, lasts 5 years
– Decreases menstrual blood flow, cramping
– Theoretical effectiveness= 99.8%
– User Effectiveness= 99.8%
■ Skyla
– Progesterone- releasing, lasts 3 years
■ Copper T
– Lasts 10 years
– Theoretical effectiveness= 99.2%
– User Effectiveness=99.4%
– Can be used as a for of emergency contraception

16. ■ Partners need to discuss pregnancy prevention & STI prevention.
■ Ways to simultaneously protect against pregnancy and STIs:
1. Abstinence from all sexual intercourse
2. Use a condom and spermicide together
3. Use a condom and hormonal contraceptive together
4. Use a condom and an IUD together
Contraception & STI Prevention

17. How We Got To Now
http://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/elections-politics/blog/timeline-100-years-birth-control/

18. What’s The Deal With Reproductive
Rights?
■ http://www.reproductiverights.org/
■ https://www.kent.edu/womenscenter/ksurge-0
■ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/24/defunding-
planned-parenthood-would-actually-increase-government-spending/