This article tries to show a brazilian society cultural backgraound. Thus, we've tried to show a little of new civilizational paradigm. On it, we've tried to characterise the ethnocultural society composition. At the end, we've tried topresent the university policies of "affirmative actions".

1. HIGHER EDUCATION AND ETHNOCULTURAL
DIVERSITY: affirmative action in Brazil
JOSÉ WILSON RODRIGUES DE MELO
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TOCANTINS

2. New Civilizational Paradigm
The consolidation of a globalized world society and the emergence of a
new civilizational paradigm through the care of the poor, marginalized
and excluded. If your problems are not calculated, still remain in
prehistory. We have opened the new millennium, but not the new
civilization and the era of eternal peace as all human, beings of creation
and our splendid planet.
L. BOFF (1999)

3. International Treaties
Brazil participates in the international community being a signatory to various
documents. These instruments aim to validate the recognition of certain rights
around the globe. The CF 1988 ( BRAZIL , 1988) in Article 5 , § 2 , ​provides :
"The rights and guarantees expressed in this Constitution do not exclude
others deriving from the regime and from the principles adopted by it , or
international treaties to which the Federal Republic of Brazil is a party . " The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948 ) ( UNESCO , 1948) is a reference
example of both " intra " as living " between" states . The Convention on the
Fight against Discrimination in Education, (UNESCO, 1960 ), The Conference on
Education for All in Jomtien (UNESCO , 1990), The Hamburg Declaration
(UNESCO , 1997), the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Durban Action
Plan, a product of the Third World Conference against Racism, Racial
Discrimination, Xenophobia and related Intolerance (UNESCO , 2001) etc., are
references to important international acts recognized by Brazilian state.
(MELO, 2008:185-6 ).

4. Federal Constitution - 1988
The Federal Constitution - CF 1988 (BRAZIL, 1988)
establishes a recognition of the principle of the
inherent right of all human beings equal. In its wake,
the CF strives for equal rights under the law as a search
for a more just society. By contradiction, Magna Law of
the country, to take one (equal), it assumes the right to
be different (multiple) as an enrichment factor of
equality itself. (MELO, 2008: 180)

5. Racial Equalities
The Law
12.711/2012, better
known as the "law of
quotas', governs the
way to access
universities and
institutes of the
federal network.

6. BRAZILIAN IDENTITY
Brazilian identity is seated on the plurality, mixing or
hybridism. Consequently, the identity got by ethnic origin
tends to strengthen or weaken. That, if it approaches or moves
away from the ideal claimed by political or cultural identity. A
reality forged in the secular process of the society
composition. This phenomenon, the proximity or remoteness
of the identity ideal, also fluctuates, the position of the various
groups located in social stratification. For too long, the ideal
identification thickened into a promotion of "whitening" of
national miscegenation.
(MELO, 2008: 168).

7. Ethnocultural inclusion policies
Brazil has been to broaden
the policies of ethnocultural
inclusion in recent years.
The main merit of this
factor is due to return to
democracy.
Thus,
opportunities
tend
to
increase. One of these is the
public policy of 'affirmative
action' mediated by the
network of universities and
federal technical institutes.

8. Young People from Public Schools
Expand Access
• The goal is to expand
access of poor young
people from public
schools, as well as
african-Brazilian and
indigenous. Might infer
that this law carries out
the policy of social and
ethnocultural inclusion.
Social and Ethnocultural

9. Inequalities
Affirmative Actions
• The 'affirmative action' is
located right where the
principle of 'different needs to
be treated differently' as a way
to preserve the complex
equality (Walzer, 1998). This
contrast makes the existence
of equality in democracy. This
is finally a way to reduce
inequalities: a constant in the
structure of Brazilian society
throughout history
Ethnicity in Brazil

10. Equality in Diversity
Michael WALZER (1997) theorizes the urgency of
equality be taken beyond its literal sense
(simple). Democracy as a system of possibilities
establishes a dialectical relationship between
equality and difference. Hence the rule of
equality in diversity. When different is treated
unequally break up the democratic imperatives.
An understanding of equality presupposes a
more complex dimension.
(MELO, 2008 : 66).

11. Democracy Nowadays
TAYLOR (1992) finds support in the discussions and actions of
democracy in this context. Democracy as a transparent concept to
the changing world in which we live. A concept that is different
from equality towards similar, standardization, uniformity: the
right to be equal to the difference. A complex analysis when
defining equality tends to their common or literal, simplistic
sense. TAYLOR says (1992:21): (...) Democracy has ushered in a
politics of equal recognition, which has taken various forms over
the years, and has now returned in the form of demands for the
equal status of cultures and genders.
(MELO, 2008: 61)

12. Advances
Multicultural Policies
• Advances in the years
following the 1988 Federal
Constitution, Law of
Guidelines and Bases of
National Education - LDBEN,
besides the establishment
of the Secretariat for the
Promotion of Racial Equality
- SEPPIR, among other
actions, mark the changes
in society.
Brazilian Ethnic Diversity

13. Network Federal Universities
Federal University of Tocantins
• The network of federal
universities consists of 59
units arranged around the
country. One is the Federal
University of Tocantins UFT. This is present in the
entire territory of the state.
The headquarters is located
in Palmas.
University and Opportunity

14. University Multicultural Policies
Ethnocultural Inclusion
UFT pursues ethnocultural
inclusion . It created the policy of
'affirmative action' (2004) where
five percent of the vacancies
displayed on the entrance exam
are reserved for Indians. This year
(2013) the african-Brazilian
(Quilombolas) were integrated.
A big win for this segment of the
local population.
UFT Affirmative Action

15. Universities Expansion
Undergraduate and Graduate
• Currently, the number of
graduate students at the UFT
is the estimate of 12 thousand.
In rapid growth, there are
graduate courses (master and
doctorate) and specializations,
etc. Added layers to the
number of learners who are
the collective of the courses
offered in distance education
format - EAD.
Permanence Policies
•
Allow citizens to study in higher
education has the objective of
educational policy. Especially in the
current context of the knowledge
society. Countries seek to achieve
this purpose several years ago,
more precisely in the last four
decades (Harvey, L., Drew, S.,
Smith, M., 2006). They highlight a
significant number of students who
have experienced failure and
dropout in higher education. It
became a challenge to achieve the
prospect of democratization of the
university and society.

16. Permanece in the University
Obstacles and Challenges
It is significant to optimize
policies of permanence at the
university. Thus, it is essential to
good management of the
obstacles and challenges in the
field of hospitality, the integration
of the academic success of the
groups identified by cultural
diversity. The democratization of
society
requires
university.
Multicultural policies represent
advances in social development
and human rights.
Succes in Higher Education

17. A Unique Country in its Multiplicity
Perhaps our history can be told with other letters in the day that
the main pride of the nation be its people. This will, in turn, to
enjoy the dignity of life as a citizen. Undoubtedly, this will not
occur without effective changes in the actual school that the
children of the poor people attend. Obviously, a number of other
sectors will have to find articulated in the direction of that
transformation. So possibly reach a modern Brazil with real
conditions for inclusion of all people in the education and
citizenship. A unique country in its multiplicity. (MELO, 2008:
188).

18. Unimultiplicity
And... the future has
the way at the
unimultiplicity. Thus,
each man is by
himself the mankind
house.
Tom Zé, 2006
jwilsonrm@uft.edu.br

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The images were downloaded from google.com.br