This document compares traditional subject-based learning to problem-based learning. In subject-based learning, students listen to lectures from the teacher and apply new knowledge. In problem-based learning, students explore real-world problems, assess their existing knowledge, conduct research to fill gaps in knowledge, and apply their knowledge to solve problems. The document outlines several benefits of problem-based learning over subject-based learning, including that it covers cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains; develops higher-order thinking skills; promotes self-directed learning through experience; helps students become lifelong learners; and enhances communication skills.

2. This is how students traditionally
learn in the classroom. Listen to the
teacher’s lecture
Learn from
the teacher
Apply new
knowledge
Subject-Based
Learning Process

3. In this process, this is how a teacher
would start the class:
“Today I will discuss food waste reduction.”

4. However, studies
say students learn
better with this
cycle:
Explore
the problem
Assess
existing
knowledge
that can help
resolve the
problem
Determine
what else
you need to
know
Conduct
research and
self-study
Share
knowledge
with group
members
Apply
knowledge
to resolve
the problem
Evaluate
problem-
solving
process
Problem-Based
Learning Cycle

5. In this cycle, this is how a teacher
would start the class:
“As of 2013, half of all food is wasted worldwide.
In what little ways can you help reduce food waste?”

6. Why is Problem-
Based Learning (PBL)
pedagogy better?

7. 1. PBL covers three domains of learning.
Cognitive
Affective
Psychomotor
You enhance your ability to
read and analyze
information.
You learn to effectively deal
with other people.
You use physical movements
to understand and interpret
concepts.

8. 2. You develop higher order thinking skills.
Creating
Evaluating
Analyzing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
LevelsofThinkingSkills
Bloom’s
Taxonomy
of Cognitive
Learning
PBL encourages
students to perform
activities that utilize
these skills.

9. 3. You learn by doing.
10% of what
they READ
20% of what
they HEAR
30% of what
they SEE
50% of what they
HEAR and SEE
70% of what they
SAY and WRITE
90% of what they
DO
PeopleGenerallyRemember
Read
Hear
View Images
Watch Video
Attend Exhibit/Sites
Watch a Demonstration
Workshop
Design Collab Lesson
Simulate Real Exp.
Do the Real Thing
Dale’sConeofExperience
PBL promotes
self-directed
learning. This
ensures higher
retention level
or learning.

10. 4. PBL helps you become a lifelong learner.
Analyzes information
Reflects and evaluates oneself
Shares what they know
Lifelong
learners have
the following
characteristics:
PBL encourages
students to perform
activities that utilize
these skills.
Seeks knowledge
Learns from others
Faces challenges

11. 5. You learn to use different forms of
communication.
PBL enhances the way you:
Write information, possible solutions, etc.
Read various resources
Speak with other group members
Listen to other members’ ideas

12. "The greatest sign
of success for a
teacher... is to be
able to say, "The
children are now
working as if I did
not exist.“
Maria Montessori

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