1. Dr Neeta Gupta
Associate Professor
Department of psychology
Certified Practitioner of EFT &
REBT (London) & CBT
(Scotland)
DAV PG College
Dehradun
Nature of Experimental
Research
2. It is a collection of research designs which
use manipulation and controlled testing to
understand causal processes.
Generally, one or more variables are
manipulated to determine their effect on a
dependent variable.
3. The word experimental research has a
range of definitions. In the strict sense,
experimental research is what we call a true
experiment.
This is an experiment where the
researcher manipulates one variable,
and control/randomizes the rest of the
variables. It has a control group,
the subjects have been randomly assigned
between the groups, and the researcher
only tests one effect at a time. It is also
important to know what variable(s) you want
to test and measure.
4. Experimental research is commonly used
in sciences such as
1.Sociology 4.Chemistry
2.Psychology 5.Biology
3.Physics 6.Medicine
5. Experimental Research includes few steps.
Such as
1.Stating Problem
2.Formulating Hypothesis
3.Variables that are measured,calculated and
compared
Most importantly Experimental Research is
conducted in a controlled environment. The
researcher collects data and results either
support or reject the hypothesis. This method
of research is referred to a hypothesis testing
or a deductive research method.
6. The deductive method is one of
the methods of quantitative
approach of research and is based
on arriving at conclusions by
narrowing down
the research process at the end. In
the deductive method a researcher
starts with various principles and
logical rules to derive a conclusion.
7. Deductive research aims to test an
existing theory
while inductive research aims to
generate new theories from observed
data. Deductive research works from
the more general to the more
specific,
and inductive research works from
more specific observations to more
general theories.
8.
9.
10. Purpose/Goals of Experimental-
Research:
Demonstrate a cause and effect
relationship between variables
Assess the causal impact of
manipulation of one or more
experimental manipulations.
It seek to determine the
relationship between two
variables i.e. IV and DV.
11. Experiments are conducted to be able to
predict phenomenon. Typically, an experiment
is constructed to be able to explain some kind
of causation. Experimental research is
important to society - it helps us to improve
our everyday lives.
/
14. Flow Chart of Experimental-Research
Problem
Hypothesis
Design
Sampling
ToolsData-
Collection
Analysis
Varifying
Hypothesis
Deriving
Conclusions
Experimental
Research
15.
16. Types of experimental research design
The experimental design is defined as, “The
methods used to collect data in experimental
studies.”
There are three primary types of
experimental design:
1.Pre-experimental research design
2.True experimental research design
3.Quasi-experimental research design
17. 1.Pre-experimental research
design:
In pre-experimental research,
researchers follow basic experimental
steps but do not use a control group.
Pre-experimental research serves as
the precursor, or preparation phase
taking place before any true
experimental research.
18. This research is conducted to
understand whether further
investigation is necessary for
these particular groups or
not.
Pre-experimental research is
further classified in three types:
21. True experimental research design:
True experimental research relies on statistical
analysis to prove or disprove a hypothesis,
making it the most accurate form of research.
Of the types of experimental design, only true
design can establish a cause-effect relationship
within a group.
22. True experimental research is the
actual process of experimentally
researching a subject. In true
experimental research, sample groups
are randomly assigned, one
designated control group is assigned
and only one variable can be
manipulated at a time. In addition, any
test subjects are assigned to the
control or experiment groups
randomly.
23. . In a true experiment, three factors need to be
satisfied:
There is a Control Group, which won’t be
subject to changes, and
an Experimental Group, which will experience
the changed variables.
A variable which can be manipulated by the
researcher.
Random distribution
This experimental research method commonly
occurs in the physical sciences.
Controlling Manipulation and randomization
24. Types of True Experimental
Research Design:
1.Equivalent- Group Design(Posttest only)
R X O1
R O2
2.Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
RO1 X O2
RO3 O4
3.Solomon Four-Group Design
RO1 X O2
RO3 O4
R X O5
R O6
25. Quasi-experimental research design:
The word “Quasi” indicates similarity. A quasi-
experimental design is similar to experimental,
but it is not the same. The difference between
the two is the assignment of a control group. In
this research, an independent variable is
manipulated, but the participants of a group are
not randomly assigned. Quasi-research is used
in field settings where random assignment is
either irrelevant or not required.
26. Quasi-experimental research: Used
extensively in psychology and the
social sciences, quasi-experimental
research is similar to true experimental
research but does not use a random
allocation of test subjects to a control or
experimental group. In fact, quasi-
experimental research may lack any
control group at all, making analysis of
the subject more difficult.
27. Quasi Experimental Research Design;
1.Time Series Design
O1O2O3O4 X O5O6O7O8
2.Equivalent Time Samaples Design
X1O1 X0O2 X1O3 X0O4
28. Types of Trials in Experimental Research
When conducting the randomized testing in
experimental research, researchers can
use either single- or double-blind trials to
further help eliminate bias.
Single-blind trials: In a single-blind trial, test
subjects do not know in which test group
they are in or what they are having done to
them as part of the experiment. In fact, test
subjects only find out what group they
tested in upon completion of the study.
.
29. Double-blind trials: In a double-blind
trial, neither participants or researchers
know which test subjects are in an
experimental or control group. This type
of study helps reduce bias on the part
of the researchers
30. Experimental research is most useful
for
1.Drawing conclusions
2.Regarding interventions and
treatments
3.Establishing whether or not one or
more factors cause a change in an
outcome.
Advantages of Experimental-
Research