1. A CHECKLIST OF PROTO-CELTIC LEXICAL ITEMSA CHECKLIST OF PROTO-CELTIC LEXICAL ITEMSA CHECKLIST OF PROTO-CELTIC LEXICAL ITEMSA CHECKLIST OF PROTO-CELTIC LEXICAL ITEMS
Alan Ward 1982, revised 1996Alan Ward 1982, revised 1996Alan Ward 1982, revised 1996Alan Ward 1982, revised 1996
METHODOLOGY
Citation of formsCitation of formsCitation of formsCitation of forms
1. Reconstructed Proto-Celtic forms are cited in upper case and must always be understood
as starred forms.
2. Irish words are cited in standard classical Irish orthography. Any departure from this
practice is noted. Old Irish and Archaic Old Irish words are cited as they appear in the texts.
3. Welsh words are cited in standard orthography. Old and Middle Welsh words are cited as
they appear in the texts.
4. Cornish words are cited as they occur in the texts.
5. Breton words are cited in standard orthography. Old and Middle Breton words are cited as
they appear in the texts.
6. Gaulish, Lepontic and Celtiberian words and names are cited as they appear in inscriptions
or in classical Latin and Greek sources. In the latter case the classical author quoted is given
in parentheses after the word. When Gaulish forms have been reconstructed from remains in
Romance vocabulary or nomenclature, they are starred and the Romance (or other) evidence
is cited after them.
7. Nouns are quoted in the nominative singular wherever possible. Gender is indicated
whenever possible. No further details of inflexion are given unless there is evidence that this
diverged from the flectional paradigms given at the beginning of the work.
8. Adjectives are quoted in the nominative singular masculine. Equative, comparative and
superlative forms are quoted only when they diverge from the flectional paradigms given at
the beginning of the work.
9. Verbs are quoted in the third person singular present indicative immediately followed by the
verbal noun where this is not inferrable from the present indicative form. In the case of all
verbs other than  and Πstems the present subjective, future indicative and aorist or perfect
indicative tenses are quoted wherever possible in the third person singular whenever this is
extant. The passive participle is also given where possible.
10. Pronominal forms are quoted under the nominative wherever possible. Where this is not
possible, they are given under the accusative.
ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences
References have been kept to a minimum. No reference is made to standard works in the
case of generally accepted reconstructions. Reference is made to articles published since the
appearance of the standard works when these include detailed discussion of the entry in
question.
The followIng have been considered standard works:
1. Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru.
2. Roparzh Hemon: Dictiohnaire Breton-Français.
3. A. Holder: Alt-Celtischer Sprachschatz.
4. Kenneth Jackson: Language and History in Early Britain.
5. Henry Lewis and Holger Pedersen: A Concise Comparative Celtic Grammar.
6. W. Meyer-Lübke: Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch.
7. RIA Contributions to a Dictionary of the Irish language.

2. 8. R.Thurneysen: A Grammar of Old Irish.
9. J.Vendryes: Lexique étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien.
1O. Walde-Pokorny: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen.
11. Y Geiriadur Mawr.

3. Alphabetical order and writing of Common CelticAlphabetical order and writing of Common CelticAlphabetical order and writing of Common CelticAlphabetical order and writing of Common Celtic
The following discrete letters have been used to represent reconstructed Proto-Celtic forms:
A Â Ä B D E Ê F G I Î K L M N O Q R S T U Û W Y
They are self-explanatory except that Ä represents the vowel that gave E in proto-Goidelic but
A elsewhere, while F (always in the combination SF) represents the consonant that developed
out of PIE pppp in the group spspspsp and fell together with wwww in proto-Goidelic but remained as ffff
elsewhere.
A Â Ä are treated as A, E Ê as E, I Î as I and U Û as U for the purposes of alphabetical order.
Abbreviations
a. accusative MB Middle Breton
AOI Archaic Old Irish MW Middle Welsh
aor. aorist indicative n. neuter
AU Annals of Ulster ND Notitia Dignitatum
B Breton nom. nominative
C Cornish OB Old Breton
Cat. Catalan OBr Old British
Celt. Celtica (journal) OC Old Cornish
CI Celtiberian Occ. Occitan
cs. causative OCS Old Church Slavonic
d. dative OE Old English
du. dual OFr Old French
EC Études Celtiques Og Ogham
f. feminine OHG Old High German
Fr French OI Old Irish
fut. future indicative ON Old Norse
G Gaulish OW Old Welsh
g. genitive p. plural
Goth. Gothic perf. perfect indicative
Hitt. Hittite pp past participle passive
I Irish PT Peutinger Tables
IA Antonine Itinerary Rav anonymous
geographer of Ravenna
IES Indo-European Studies s. singular
intr. intransitive SC Studia Celtica
It. Italian SG Scots Gaelic
JCS Journal of Celtic Studies Sk Sanskrit
L Lepontic sub. present subjunctive
Lat. Latin tr. transitive
Lith. Lithuanian vn. verbal noun
LLat. Late Latin W Welsh
m. masculine

4. FLECTIONAL PARADIGMS
NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
1. O and  stems
masculine
s. nom. WIROS OI fer I fear W gwr G Segomaros
voc. WIRE OI,I fir G (g)nate
a. WIRON OI fer I fear G adgarion
g. WIRÎ OI,I fir Og maqi G Segomari canti
d. WIRÛ(I) OI fiur I fior G Alisanu Makkarioui
Cicollui
du. nom/voc/a. WIRÂU OI fer I fear
g. WIROU OI fer I fear
d. WIROBIN OI feraib I fearaibh
p. nom. WIRÎ OI,I fir W gwyr G aððedilli
voc/a. WIRÛS OI firu I fiora W gwyr G Catilus
g. WIRON OI fer I fear Og maqa G anderon
d. WIROBIS OI feraib I fearaibh
WIROBOS G aganntobo
neuter: genitive and dative identical to masculine.
s. nom/voc/a. KENETLON OI cenél I ceinéal G nemeton
du. nom/voc/a. ? OI cenél I ceinéal
p. nom/voc/a. KENETLÂ OI cenél G kantena (?)
feminine
s. nom. TEUTÂ OI,I tuath Og inigena G Buscilla
voc. TEUTA G gnatha
a. TEUTÂN L lokan palam
Proto-Goidelic and G *TEUTEN OI,I tuaith AOI bein G marcin
g. TEUTÂS OI,I mná Og Gosoctas
Proto-Goidelic and G TEUTIÂS OI,I tuaithe G marcias
d. TEUTAI OI tuaith mnaí G Eskengai marci L
Slaniai
du. nom/voc/a. TEUTAI OI,I tuaith OI mnaí
g. TEUTAU OI,I tuath OI,I ban
d. TEUTÂBIN OI tuathaibh I tuathaibh
p. nom/voc/a. TEUTÂS OI,I tuatha mná G marcas
g. TEUTON OI,I tuath ban cf G -ÂNON bnanom
d. TEUTÂBIS OI tuathaib mnáib I tuathaibh mnáibh
TEUTÂBOS G Namausikabo glaneikabo
Gaulish has an instrumental singular -IÂ marcia and plural -ÂBI marcabi.
A stems have s.nom/voc. -A BENA AOI ben a. -EN BENEN AOI bein, the rest as  stems.
2. Î and Û stems
feminine
s. nom/voc. RÎGANÎ MOKKÛ I ríoghain muc W rhiain
cainc
a. RÎGANIYÄN MOKKUWÄN OI rígnai
g. RÎGANIYÂS MOKKUWÂS OI rígnae

5. d. RÎGANIYAI MOKKUWAI OI rígnai W eleni
du. nom/voc/a. RÎGANÎ MOKKUWÎ OI rígain
g. RÎGANIYAU MOKKUWAU OI rígnae
d. RÎGANIYÂBIN MOKKUWÂBIN OI rígnaib muccaib
p. nom/voc. RÎGANIYES MOKKUYIES OI rígnai
a. RÎGANIYÂS MOKKUWÂS OI mucca W rhianedd
blynedd
g. RÎGANIYON MOKKUWON OI rígnae
d. RÎGANIYÂBIS MOKKUWÂBIS OI rígnaib muccaib
RÎGANIYÂBOS MOKKUWÂBOS ?
3. I stems
masculine feminine
s. nom. WÂTIS I fáith G Namausatis
voc. WÂTI I fáith G uimpi
a. WÂTIN I fáith G ratin
g. WÂTIOS Og Anavlamattias OI Anfolmithe
WÂTOUS Og Allato OI fátho
d. WÂTÊ I fáith G are late, Ucuete
du. nom/voc/a. WÂTÎ I fáith
g. WÂTIOU ?
d. WÂTIBIN I fáithibh
p. nom/voc/a. WÂTÎS OI fáthi trí W gwythi
g. WÂTION Og tria OI fáthe tre W gwledydd
d. WÂTIBIS OI trib I fáithibh
WÂTIBOS
neuter: genitive and dative identical to masculine and feminine.
s. nom/voc/a. MORI OI muir
du. nom/voc/a. MORÎ OI muir
p. nom/voc/a. MORIÂ OI muire tre
4. U stems
masculine feminine
s. nom. SRUTUS I sruth W cad G Taranus
voc. SRUTU I sruth
a. SRUTUN I sruth
g. SRUTOUS Og Cunagusos OI srotho I srotha G
locos
d. SRUTOU SRUTÛ I sruth G bratou Taranoou
du. nom/voc/a. SRUTÛ I sruth
g. SRUTEWOU OI srotho
d. SRUTEWOBIN OI srothaiib
p. nom. SRUTEWES OI srothae I srotha W cadau G
Lugoves
voc/a. SRUTÛS OI sruthu I srutha
g. SRUTEWON OI srothae
d. SRUTEWOBIS I srothaibh
SRUTEWOBOS G Lugovibus
neuter: genitive and dative identical to masculine and feminine.
s. nom/voc/a. MEDU OI mid
du. nom/voc/a. MEDU OI mid

6. p. nom/voc/a. MEDÛ OI dorus W deigr
5. Plosive stems
masculine feminine
s. nom/voc. RÎGS I rí W rhi G Dumnorix
a. RÎGÄN I rígh
g. RÎGOS I ríogh Og Lugudeccas G Valentos
d . RÎGI I rígh
du. nom/voc/a. RÎGÎ I rígh MW ugeint
g. RÎGOU I ríogh
d. RÎGOBIN I ríoghaibh
p. nom/voc. RÎGES I rígh MW carant G Bituriges
a. RÎGÂS I ríogha G Lingonas
g. RÎGON I ríogh
d. RÎGOBIS I ríoghaibh
RÎGOBOS
neuter: genitive and dative identical to masculine and feminine.
s. nom/voc/a. DÄNT OI dét
du. nom/voc/a. DÄNTÎ ?
p. nom/voc/a. DÄNTÂ OI dét
6. R stems
masculine feminine
s. nom/voc. ATÎR I athair W brawd MB breuzr
a. ATERÄN I athair
g ATROS I athar
d. ATRI I athair
du. nom/voc/a. ATERÎ I athair
g. ATROU I athar
d. ATRIBIN I aithribh
p. nom/voc. ATERES OI aithir MW broder MB breuder
a. ATERÂS OI aithrea I aithre
g. ATRON OI athar
d. ATRIBIS I aithribh
ATRIBOS G matrebo
sub-type: SWESÛR SWESORÄN SWESROS SWESRIBIS
7. S stems
masculine feminine (> to N or T stems in Goidelic on the disappearance of intervocalic ssss)
s. nom/voc. WÊDÛS OI fiadu coimdiu
a. WÊDUSÄN OI fiadain coimdid
g. WÊDUSOS OI fiadan coimded
d. WÊDUSI OI fiadain coimdid
du. nom/voc/a. WÊDUSÎ ?
g. WÊDUSOU ?
d. WÊDUSOBIN ?
p. nom/voc. WÊDUSES OI fiadain
a. WÊDUSÂS OI fiadna
g. WÊDUSON OI fiadan
d. WÊDUSOBIS OI fiadnaib

7. WÊDUSOBOS
neuter
s. nom/voc/a. MAGOS I magh W -ma G -magos
g. MAGESOS I maighe
d. MAGES I maigh
du. nom/voc/a. MAGESÎ ?
g. MAGESOU ?
d. MAGESOBIN ?
p. nom/voc/a. MAGESÂ I maighe W tai
g. MAGESON I maighe
d. MAGESOBIS I maighibh
MAGESOBOS
sub-type: KRAMUS g. KRAMUSOS
8. N stems
masculine feminine
s. nom/voc. ARIAMÛ OI airem Colgu W Iwerydd cenau
a. ARIAMONÄN OI airemoin W Iwerddon
g. ARIAMONOS Og Inissionas OI airemon Colgan
d . ARIAMON OI airem
du. nom/voc/a. ARIAMONÎ OI airemoin
g. ARIAMONOU ?
d. ARIAMONOBIN ?
p. nom/voc. ARIAMONES OI airemoin MW canawon
a. ARIAMONÂS OI airemna G Lingonas
g. ARIAMONON OI airemon
d. ARIAMONOBIS OI airemnaib
ARIAMONOBOS
sub-types: BRUSÛ g. BRUSNOS OI bru g. bronn
UKSÛ g. UKSENOS W ych p. ychen
GOBÄNNS g. GOBÄNNOS OI gobae g. gobann
KÛ g. KUNOS OI cú g. con W ci p. cwn
MENMENS g. MENMENOS OI menmae g. menman
neuter
s. nom/voc/a. ANMÄN OI ainm
g. ANMENS OI anmae
d. ANMEN OI ainm
du. nom/voc/a. ANMENÎ ?
g. ANMANOU ?
d. ANMÄNBIN ?
p. nom/voc/a. ANMENÂ OI anmann
g. ANMANON OI anmann
d. ANMÄNBIS OI anmaimm (singularised in
meaning)
ANMÄNBOS
9. Equative form of the adjective: -ISETRI OI dénithir MW duhet > W dued
1O. Comparative form of the adjective: -IYÛS n. -IYOS OI siniu > I sine
11. Superlative form of the adjective: -ISAMOS OI sinem OW hinham G Rigisamo

8. VERBS
1. The PRESENT stem. -E/O- thematic type.
PRESENT INDICATIVE
active s1. BERÛ OI ·biur G regu delgu
s2. BERES OI ·bir (proto-Goidelic *BERIS)
s3. BERET OI ·beir W,C car B kar
p1. BEROMOS AOI ·melom OI ·beram OB -om ni MB
queromp
p2. BERETE OI ·berid ·berith MB queret quirit
p3. BERONT AOI ·angot OI ·berat C kerons MB
queront
+ ED BERÛ ED OI biru
BERES ED OI biri MW kery atebyd C keryth MB
querez
BERET ED OI berid berith (Â Î I stems: MW -awt
-it -yt)
BEROMOS ED OI bermai
BERETE ED OI berthe
BERONT ED OI berait
+ SO BERET SO OI beres
+ IYOI BEROMOS IYOI OI bermae
BERONT IYOI OI bertae berdae G dugiiontiio
passive s3. BERER OI ·berar MB carer (Î stems: MW
cerir C keryr)
p3. BERONTOR OI ·bertar OW planthonnor
+ ED BERER ED OI berair
BERONTOR ED OI bertair
+ SO BERER SO OI berar
deponents1. BERÛR OI ·molor
s2. BERETER OI ·moltar
s3. BERETRO OI ·moladar
p1. BEROMRO OI ·molammar
p2. BERETE OI ·molaid
p3. BERONTRO OI ·molatar
+ ED BERETR(O) ED OI molaithir
BEROMR(O) ED OI molaimmir
BERONTR(O) ED OI molaitir
IMPERATIVE
active s2. BERE OI beir W,C,MB car
s3. BERETU OI bered bereth W,MB caret C cares
p1. BEROMOS OI beram MB queromp
p2. BERETE OI berid berith MB queret quirit
p3. BERONTU OI berat
passive s3. BERER OI berar
p3. BERONTOR OI bertar
deponents2. BERETÊS OI comalnaithe cluinte G lotites
lubites

9. s3. BERETU OI comalnad
p1. BEROMOS OI suidigem
p2. BERETE OI comalnaid
p3. BERONTU ? (OI cluinetar comalnatar <
indicative)
IMPERFECT INDICATIVE
active deponent
s1. BERÊNI OI ·berin(n) MW carwn C caren MB
carenn
s2. ? OI ·mórtha MW carut C,MB cares
s3. BERÊTO OI ·bered MW gwyd(y)at G singeieto
? MW carei keri C care guilly MB care
p1. BEREMESTE OI ·beirmis
BEREMOS MW carem C caren MB caremp
p2. ? OI ·mórthae
p3. BERENTO MW kerynt C kerens MB carent
OI ·beirtis (x p1. BEREMESTE)
passive s3. ? OI ·berthe MW cerit C kerys B karet
p.3. ? OI ·beirtis

10. Stems in  ΠI NA NU follow the paradigm of BERE- with elision of the thematic vowel E/O
except in the following forms:
BERÛ
 MÂRAM W,C caraf OW -am B karan MB
caraff
MÂRAM ED OI moraim
Î STLONDÎM MW kwynif
STLONDÎM ED OI sluindim
I GABIÛ
NA BINAM ED OI benaim
NU GNINUM ED OI gninaim
BERONT BERONTOR BERONTRO BERONTU
 MÂRÂONT etc
Î STLONDÎONT etc
I GABIONT G dugiiontiio etc
NA BINAONT etc
NU GNINUNT etc
BERER
 MÂRÂTOR OI .mórthar MW canotor (also
lladawr)
Î STLONDÎTOR OI .sluinter OW gwelitor (also MW
cerir)
I GABITOR OI .gaibther
NA BINATOR OI .bentar
NU GNINUTOR OI .gnintar
2. The SUBJUNCTIVE stem.
Two types are recoverable from Irish: an  stem of type BERÂ- and and S stem of type
TÊKSE-. Remains of both types occur in British as well as what appears to be a third type.
The IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is formed from the subjunctive stem by adding the
terminations of the imperfect indicative.
 SUBJUNCTIVE: PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
active s1. BERÂ OI ·ber
s2. BERÂS OI ·berae
s3. BERÂT OI ·bera MW car(h)o C,B gallo
p1. BERÂMOS OI ·beram
p2. BERÂTE OI ·beraid .beraith
p3. BERÂNT OI ·berat
+ ED BERÂ ED OI bera
BERÂS ED OI berae
BERÂT ED OI beraid beraith
BERÂMOS ED OI bermai
BERÂTE ED OI berthae
BERÂNT ED OI berait
+ SO BERÂT SO OI beras
+ IYOI BERÂMOS IYOI OI bermae
BERÂNT IYOI OI berdae bertae
passive s3. BERÂTOR OI ·berthar
p3. BERÂNTOR OI ·bertar

11. + ED BERÂTOR ED OI berthair
BERÂNTOR ED OI bertair
deponents1. BERÂR OI ·menar
s2. BERÂTER OI ·mentar
s3. BERÂTRO OI ·menathar ·menadar
p1. BERÂMRO OI ·menammar ·menmar
p2. BERÂTE OI ·menaid ·menaith
p3. BERÂNTRO OI ·menatar
+ ED BERÂTR(O) ED OI suidigidir
BERÂMR(O) ED OI suidigmir
BERÂNTR(O) ED OI suidigitir
S SUBJUNCTIVE: PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
active s1. TÊKSÛ OI ·tias
s2. TÊKSES OI ·téis
s3. TÊKST OI ·té
p1. TÊKSOMOS OI ·tiasam MW car(h)om MB
guelhomp
p2. TÊKSETE OI ·tésid MB guelhet
p3. TÊKSONT OI ·tiasat MW car(h)ont C gallons
+ ED TÊKSÛ ED OI tiasu
TÊKSES ED OI tési
TÊKST ED OI téis MW duch gwnech gwares
TÊKSOMOS ED OI tiasmai
TÊKSONT ED OI tiasait
+ SO TÊKST SO OI tias
+ IYOI TÊKSOMOS IYOI OI tiasmae
TÊKSONT IYOI OI tiastae
passive s3. TÊKSER OI tiasar .gessar MW car(h)er C
carer MB carher
p3. TÊKSONTOR OI ·gessatar
+ ED TÊKSER ED OI gessair
deponents1. TÊKSÛR OI ·fessur
s2 . TÊKSTER OI ·fesser
s3. TÊKSTRO OI ·festar
p1. TÊKSOMRO OI ·fessamar
p2. TÊKSETE OI ·fessid
p3. TÊKSONTRO OI ·fessatar
+ ED TÊKSETR(O) ED OI estir
OTHER SUBJUNCTIVE TYPES
active s1. BERÊM MW car(h)wyf
BERÎM C gyllyf MB guillif
s2. BERÎS C gylly MB guilly OI co·rici
? MW cer(h)ych
s3. BERÊT MW rodwy credoe
p1. BERÎMOS C gyllyn
p3. BERÎNT MB galhint
3. The FUTURE stem.
Two types are recoverable from Irish: an  stem of type ANÎBÂ- and an S stem of type

12. GIGESSE-. The  stem is formed from the present stem by dropping the stem vowel and-
adding -ÎBÂ- (cf Eriu 29.13ff). The S stem is formed from the verbal root by reduplication and
suffixing -SE-. Personal endings are identical to those added to the  and S subjunctive stems
respectively.
The CONDITIONAL is formed from the future stem by adding the terminations of the imperfect
indicative.
 FUTURE - active s123
s1. ANÎBÂ OI ·ainiub (for *·aineb x S FUTURE)
s2. ANÎBÂS
s3. ANÎBÂT OI ·ainfea
+ ED ANÎBÂ ED OI ainfea
ANÎBÂS ED OI ainfe
ANÎBÂT ED OI ainfid
S FUTURE - active s123
s.1. GIGESSÛ OI ·gigius
s2. GIGESSES OI ·gigis
s3. GIGESST OI ·gig
+ ED GIGESSÛ ED OI gigfea (for *gigsiu x  FUTURE)
GIGESSES ED ?
GIGESST ED OI gigis
4. The AORIST stem.
Two types are recoverable from Irish: an S stem of type MÂRASSE- and a T stem of type
BERT. The S stem is formed from  ΠI stems by adding -SSE- and shortening Â>A Î>I while I
is replaced by E (hence GABESSE- from GABI-).
S AORIST.
active s1. MÂRASSÛ OI ·mórus MW kereis C kerys MB
quiris
s2. MÂRASSES OI ·morais MW kereist
s3. MÂRAST OI ·mór MW cafas C,MB caras
p1. MÂRASSOMOS OI ·mórsam MW carassam carassom
MB quersomp
p2. MÂRASSETE OI ·mórsaid
p3. MÂRASSONT OI ·mórsat MW carassant carassont
C carsons MB quersont
+ ED MÂRASSÛ ED OI gabsu
MÂRASSES ED OI soersai
MÂRAST ED OI mórais
MÂRASSONT ED OI carsait
+ SO MÂRAST SO OI soeras
+IYOI MÂRASSOMOS IYOI OI celebirsimme
MÂRASSONT IYOI OI caechsite
deponent s1. SODISAGESSÛR OI · suidigsiur
s2. SODISAGESTER OI ·suidigser
s3. SODISAGESTRO OI ·suidigestar
p1. SODISAGESSOMRO OI ·suidigsemmar
p2. SODISAGESSETE OI ·suidigsid

13. p3. SODISAGESSONTRO OI ·suidigsetar
+ ED SODISAGESTR(O) ED OI suidigistir
SODIGSAGESSONTR(O) ED OI suidigsitir
T AORIST.
active s1. BERTÛ OI ·biurt MW keint
s2. BERTES OI ·birt (proto-Goidelic *BERTIS)
s3. BERT OI ·bert MW cant
p1. BERTOMOS MW aetham
p2. BERTETE OI ·rubartid
p3. BERTONT MW aethant aethont
+ ED BERT ED OI birt
deponent s1. BERTÛR ?
s2. BERTETER ?
s3. BERTETRO ?
p1. BERTOMRO OI ·bertammar
p2. BERTETE OI · rubartid
p3. BERTONTRO OI · bertatar
5. The PERFECT stem.
active s1. ÂNONKA OI ·ánac
s2. ÂNONKAS OI ·anac
s3. ÂNONKE OI ·ánaic MW goruc
p1. ÂNONKAMES MW gorugam
p2. ÂNONKATE OI ·áncaid
p3. ÂNONKANT MW gorugant
+ED ÂNONKA ED OI lod
ÂNONKE ED OI luid
+SO ÂNONKE SO OI luide
deponent s1. MIMNAR OI ·ménar
s2. MIMNAR OI ·ménar
s3. MIMNER OI ·ménair
p1. MIMNAMRO OI ·ménammar
p2. MIMNATE OI ·ménaid
p3. MIMNANTRO OI ·ménatar
6. The PAST PARTICIPLE PASSIVE
This is formed by suffixing -TOS to the verbal root (see individual verbs). Â Î I stems form it as
follows:
MÂRÂ- MÂRATOS
STLONDÎ- STLONDITOS
GABI- GABETOS
Predicative
s. m. MÂRATOS OI ·mórad MW caffat C caras MB
carat
f. MÂRATÂ OI ·mórad
n. MÂRATON OI ·mórad
p. m. MÂRATÎ
f. MÂRATÂS OI ·mórtha
n. MÂRATÂ

14. +ED MÂRATOS ED OI mórthae
MÂRATÎ ED OI mórthai
Attributive MÂRATIOS OI mórthae
Participle of necessity
MÂRATEYOS OI mórthai W caradwy G aniateios
7. The formation of the VERBAL NOUN varies according to the verb. Â Î I stems normally
have
MÂRATUS m. OI mórad
MÂRAMUS m. W -o MB -aff N-añ
STLONDÎTUS m. OI sluindiud
SODETUS m. OI sodad
 vocative particle. I,W,B,C a
ABALLÂ f. apple tree. I abhall W afall B avalenn
ABALLAWÂ f. rich in apple trees, place name. OBr Aballava
ABALLON- place name. G Aballon- LLat. Aballone Avallone Fr Avallon
ABALLOYALON n. place name. G *Aballoialon LLat Avalogile Fr Valeuil Occ. Valuèjol
ABALU n. apple. I abhall W afal B,C aval
ABÛ a. ABONÄN g. ABENS p.n. ABENES f. river. OI aub a. abainn g. abae p.a. aibne I
abhann
W afon OBr Abona B aven OC auon
ABÄNKOS m. river being dwarf I, water demon W, beaver W,B). I abhac W afanc B
avank
AD to, towards; preverb; intensive prefix to adjectives.
AD DU towards. W at
cf ADKÂ ADQE
AD AGET drives, moves. OI ad·aig
ADAKSTRON n. halter. I adhastar (< British *adastr)
ADAMRIOS very wonderful. OI adamrae
AD ANDÂT vn ADANDATUS m. kindles, begins. OI ad·andad I adhnadh
ADANDÂ f. taper, tinder. I adhann
AD ANEKET vn ADANEKTLON n. escorts, buries. OI ad·anaig I adhnacal
ADARDWOS very high, noble. OI adardd
ADASSOS proper, suitable. OI adas W addas
ADAWOS suitable. OI ada
AD BA- vn ADBATIÛ f. dies. OI pp at·bath apt(h)u
AD BINAT vn ADBIYON n. slays. OI at·mbia
T(O)ADBIYON n fragment, portion. OI taipe
ADBEGIS ripe. OI apaig I aibigh
ADBEGLOS quick,sudden. OI aipél
ADBERON n. estuary. I abar (marsh) W,B aber cf ÄNDEBERON KOMBERON
ADBERTÂ f. game, trick, performance. I abairt cf BERTÂT
ADBÊTON n. bait. W abwyd cf BÊTON
ADBODIOS very yellow. OI apuide cf BODIOS
ADBOGIOS m. man's name. G Adbogius, g. Adbucilli
ADBOGIONÂ f. woman's name. G Adbugiounae Αδοβογιωνη(Strabo)
ADBOGON n. carcass. I abach (entrails) W abo cf BONGET
ADBOYON n. reason, cause. OI apa
ADBRESKIS very brittle. I aibrisc cf BRESKUS
AD BUNDET vn ADBOUDON n. proclaims, declares. OI at·boind apad

15. ADBUTÂ f. harm. OI apaid W abwth (< OI; injury, fright) cf WO BUTÂT
ADBUTÂKOS m. outlaw. OI apthach
AD DAMET vn ADDAMON n. admits, acknowledges. OI ataim I admhail W addef B añzav
AD DERKET sees.
AD ED KONDEDORKE has seen. OI ad·condairc I do chonaic
ADEKÎ f. night. OI adaig I oidhche
ADERKÂ f. horn. I adharc (OI d. aithircc)
AD ELLÂT vn ADELON n. visits. OI ad·ella adall
ÂDETÂ f. floor, pIace. I áit (place)
AD ETET vn ADETÂ f. attacks (vn violent death) OI ad·etha aided I oidheadh
AD GABIT vn ADGABAGLÂ f. ?
WO ADGABIT vn W(O)ADGABAGLÂ f. leaves. OI ·facaib fácbáil I fágbháil
AD GARIT vn ADGARION n. summons, claims, sues. OI ad·gair I agra
ADGARIOS m. summoner. G adgarion (EC 15.180)
ADGARWOS very rough. OI aggarb W agarw
ADGENETON n. nature essence. I aigneadh cf GANITRO
AD GLÂDETRO vn ADGLÂDEMÂ f. speaks to. OI ad·gládathar I agallamh
AD GODIT vn ADGEDIÂ f. gives/requests security. OI ad·guid aicde (vn. bond, surety,
manufactured article) cf W agweddi (gift, dowry)
ADGOSTÎ near to hand. AOI ocuis OI ocus I agus (and)
ADGOSTUS m. nearness to hand. W agos (near) (cf Eriu 32.159f.)
ADKÂ ADKIÂ f. nearness. I aice W ach
ADKIATIS m. neighbour. OI aiccid accaid (tenant, farmer)
ADKOWREGIS f. partition fence. W achwre
AD KANET vn ADKANTLON n. recites,extols,sounds. OI ad·cain aicetal W achan (paean)
AD KAINÎT vn ADKAINIÂ f. complains. OI ad·caíni accaíne W achwyn
ADKAROS very dear. OI accor W achar cf KARÂT
ADKASSIS f. hate. I acais W achas cf KASSIS
AD KLADET wn ADKLADIÂ f. pursues, hunts, fishes. OI ad·claid aclaid(e)
ADKLAMOS very sick. W achlaf cf KLAMOS
ADKOILOS very thin. OI accael W achul cf KOILOS
ADKONSMIYÂ f. tribe, genus, race. I aicme cf KONSMIYOS
AD KORITRO vn ADKOROS m. comes towards. OI ·tacuirther tacur W achor (fear, tumult)
cf DÎADKORIS DUADKOROS
ADKUBRON n. desire. OI accobor cf KUBRON
ADLEKÎ f. tendency, habit. OI álaig
ADLENDIS beautiful. OI álaind I álainn; OI ailde (beauty)
ADLIGENOS soft. I áilghean
AD LOGIT vn ADLOGETUS m. lays down, smoothes down, comforts. OI fo·algim falgud
talgad
AD LUWET vn ADLUWETUS m. ?
KON ADLUWET vn KONADLUWETUS m. sets out, stirs up. OI con·alai ·comlai comlúth
ADMÄNTON n. material. I adhmad (Celt. 1.339, 4.46f)
AD MEDITRO vn ADMESSUS m. attempts. OI ad·mither I amas
AD NEWET vn ADNOWON n. declares. OI ad·nuu as·noi
EMBI ADNEWET vn EMBIADNOWON n. bequeaths, delegates. OI imm·ánad imna I
tiomna
ADQE and. W a(c) B ha(g) cf AD
AD QISES vn ADQISTIÛ f. sees. OI ad·cí aicsiu I do chí, faicsin
ADRÊGON n. chain,collar. I árach W aerwy B ere cf RIGET
ADRÊGIÂ f. byre. I áirghe
AD RETET runs towards, catches. OI ad·reith

16. AD RIGET vn ADRÊGON n. binds. OI ad·regar árach
AD RÎMÎT vn ADRÎMÂ f. counts, reckons. OI ad·rími áram I áireamh W eirif
ADRÎTIOS numbered, certain. I áirithe
ADSÂWOS easy,adaptable. OI assae cf SÂWIT
AD SEQET vn ADSQON n. ?
WO ADSEQET vn W(O)ADSQON n. announces, declares. OI ta·faisig fásaig fásc I tásc
SG tathasg
ADSEWIOS left (not right). W aswy. cf G Asuius, man's name ?
ADSILTIÂ f. "the looked upon one" MW Essyllt (Isolda)
ADSKOROS m. company, retinue.
T(O)ADSKOROS m. id. OI tascar cf SKORIT
AD SLIGET vn ADSLOIGON n. persuades to. OI ad·slig I aslach
AD SODIT vn ADSODETUS m. fixes, holds back. OI ad·sudi astud
ADSOQÂTS m. rival, follower. OI ascae g. ascad cf SEQETRO
ADSOWIÄNTÎ f. childbirth. OI asaít cf SOWIT
AD TÂYET is present. OI attá I atá
AD TEQET vn ADTEQON n. beseeches, flees to. OI ateich attach
ADTEQOMÂROS m. "great in refuge ", man's name. G Atepomaros
ADTEQORÎGS m. "king of refuge", man's name. G Ateporix
AD TLOQETRO vn ADTLOQETUS m. thanks. OI ad·tluchedar attlugud > I altughadh
AD TREBÂT dwells,inhabits. OI ad·treba
ADTREBON n. abode. OI atrab I áitreabh W athref
ADTREBATÎS m.p. "dwellers", tribal name. G Atrebates (Caesar) Fr Arras
ADÛ m(?) law, ceremony. OI ad (cf Sk adhvará m. rite)
ADENOWIDS m. one learned in the law, pleader. OI aigne p.g. aidhnead
ADENOWISSUS m. arguing, pleading. I aighneas
ADUGROS very cold. OI aduar cf UGROS
ADUKSNEKTON n. hurdle fence. I udhnacht
ADUKTON n. testament, will. I udhacht cf UKTON
AD WÊDET vn ADWISSIÛ f. tells to. OI ad·fét g aidbsen (ms aidhbdhen aidhbhsina)
TO ADWÊDET vn T(O)ADWISSIÛ f. shows. OI do·adbat I taidhbhse
ADWÊLOS very abundant, enormous-. I adhbhal
ADWÊLIÂ f. great abundance. OI aidble
ADWERON n. material matter. I adhbhar cf WERET, DUADWERIS
AD WERTET vn ADWERTÂ f. turns. OI ad·ferta adbairt
AD WÎRÎT vn ADWÎRÎTUS m. sues, claims. OI ad·fíri aidbriud
ADWOLÂMOS ready, prompt. OI adblam cf AREWOLÂMOS
AGET drives (British: goes). OI ·aig W â B, C a
sub. AGÂT OI ·aga MW aho
aor. AKT OI ·acht W aeth B eaz C eth
vn. AGIÂ f. I aighe, AGNÂ f. OI án I táin (flock,driving)
cf AD AGET, ÄMBI AGET, ÄNDE AGET, DÎ AGET, TO AGET, WER AGET
ÂGETRO fears. OI ad·ágathar
sub. ÂGÂTRO OI ·ruagathar
pp. ÂGETOS OI aigthi
vn. ÂGETIÛ f. OI áigthiu
ÂGOS m. danger, battle. OI ág (+ OI dág dáig, for fear of, because of)
AGETÂ f. face, surface. I aghaidh
AGINON n. leather bag (for cooking). OI aigen I oigheann (boiler,pan)
ÂGION n. joint, member, pillar, prop. OI áige ágae cf AKSIS
AGLÂ f. brood, litter. I ál W ael CI ailam
AGLOMATWÎ f. "having a good brood", woman's name. OI Âlmaith

17. AGOS n. a bovine. I agh
AGOSEDON n. field. OI ached I achadh
AGRÎNÂ f. sloe. I áirne W eirin (plums) B hirin G *agrînion- Occ. agranhon Cat. aranyó
AGRIÛ f. kidney. OI áru I ára > W aren
AGRON n. hunting, slaughter. I ár W aer OB air
AGROKÛ g. AGROKUNOS m. hunting dog. OI árchú
AGRON- berries. W aeron
AGROS importunate,eager.
T(O)AGROS id. W taer cf WERAGRO-
AGROS firm,strong. cf AKSIS
AGRESTU n. dwelling,house. I áras
AIDUS m. fire, fire god. I Aodh OI Aed cf TO AIDET
AIDUGALÂ m man's name. OI Aedgal
AIDUGENOS m. man's name. OI Aedgein
AIDULUGUS m. man's name. OI Aedlug
AIDWO- p. those of the fire god, tribal name. G Aedui (Caesar)
AILON n. lime. I aol
AIRÂ f. satire. I aor
AISOS n. law suit. OI ae g. aie
AISSON n. age. I aos W oes C oys cf WERAISSIATIS
AISSUS m. people. I aos W oes
AKROS high, noble. OI ér cf DÎAKRIS
AKROTALUS m. having a noble forehead, man's name. G Axrotalus
AKSIS f. chariot. OI ais
AKSILÂ f. armpit. OI aisel W achel B ael
AKSIS f. back. I ais cf ÂGION AGROS
AKSMÄN n. hand, band, host. OI amm cf AGET
AKTÎNÂ f. furze. I aiteann W eithin
AKTUS m. pain. I at (swelling) W aeth
ÂKUS sharp. I áith (for *áich < *ÂKWIS) W hogi (to sharpen)
W hogalen B higolenn (whetstone) cf DÎÂKIS EKSÂKIS KOMÂKUS
ALAMON n herd,flock. OI alam W alaf
ALBOS, white.
ALBÂ f. river name. G Alba
ALBIOS m. a god's name. G deo Albio et Damonae
ALBIODURON n. place name. G *Albioduron LLat Albiodero Fr Augers
ALBIORÎGS m. a god's name. G Marti Albiorigi
ALBIÛ f. the white island (Britain). OI Albu I Alba (Scotland) OBr Albio W elfydd (native
land)
ALET nourishes,fosters. OI ·ail
sub. ALÂT OI ·almais
fut. ? OI ·ebla
aor. ALT OI ·alt
pp. ALTOS OI ·alt altae
vn. ALTRON n. ALTRASMUS m. I altram
ALTRAMÛ m. fosterfather. W athro B aotrou C aultra
ALTRAMONÎ f. fostermother. MW elldrew B itron
ALTRIÛ m. fosterfather. OI altru
ALIDUBROS m. man's name. OI Aildobur Aldebor
ALIGALÂ f. man's name. OI Ailgel
ALIGENIOS m. man's name. OI Ailgine
ALIGUSTUS m. man's name. I Ó hAilgheasa

18. ALIKATUS m. man's name. OI Ailchad Ailchid
ALIKENGETS m. man's name. OI Ailching
ALIKÛ g. ALIKUNOS m. man's name. OI Ailchú
ALIOS other. OI aile (n. aill; pretonic ala-) I eile W ail C eyll yll B eil
ALIOS ALIOS other, each other. OI alaile I aroile W arall
ALIOTÎRES- m. pilgrim. OI ailithir I oilithir
ALIS f. rock. OI ail g. alo, ailech
ALIKNOS m. rocklet. OI ailén I oiléan (island)
ALLÂ beyond. OI al ol (preposition), all allae (adverb) cf KINÂ
ALLÂMORIS overseas, foreign. OI allmuir
ALLÂTERON n. the world beyond. OI alltar
ALLATIS from beyond, wild. I allaidh
ALLÂT cf TO ALLÂT
ALLOS other.
ALLOMROGS m. foreigner, p. tribal name. W allfro G Allobroges (Caesar)
ALLOTEUTOS foreign. OBr Matrib(us) Ollototis sive Transmarinis W alltud
ALLOS n. cliff. OI all I aill
ALTÂ f. tutelary goddess. OI maccu Alta
ALTORÎGION n. tribe of Altâ. I Altraighe
ALTÂT shaves. MW allaw
ALTANÎ f. razor. OI altain W ellyn B aotenn
ALTON n. bank, hillside. I,W allt B aot OC als
ALTOMAGOS n. place name. G *Altomagos LLat Aldemega Fr Haulmé
ALTOYALON n. place name. G *Altoialon Fr Auteuil
ALTOS m. knuckle. I alt OC chefals (joint)
AM- negative prefix, variant of AN- ÄN- which see
AMARKON n. a non-greeting. I amharc (look, stare) cf ARKET
ÄMBÄN n. butter. OI imb I im W ymenyn B amann OC amenen
ÄMBELIÛ f. navel. OI imbliu g imlenn I imleacán
ÄMBERÄNTÎ f. barren, sterile. I aimrid cf BERET
ÄMBI about, on both sides of; intensive prefix to adjectives; preverb. OI imb (im + adjective;
im· relative imme· preverb) I um W,B,C am G ambi- (Eriu 28.145f)
with personal pronouns:
ÄMBI ME OI immum ÄMBI SNÎS OI immunn
ÄMBI TE OI immut ÄMBI SWÎS OI immib
ÄMBI EM OI imbi ÄMBI SÛS OI impu
ÄMBI SIYÄN OI impe
ÄMBI AGET vn ÄMB(I)AGNÂ f. drives. OI im·aig I iomáin
ÄMB(I)AKTOS m. servant. W amaeth (husbandman) B amezeg (neighbour) G ambactus
ÄMBIDURNOS m. sword hilt. OI imdorn cf DURNOS
ÄMBI GARIT vn ÄMBIGARION n. demands. OI timgart I tiomghaire
ÄMBIKATUS m. man's name. Og E(m)bicatos I Iomchadh OBr Ammecati G Ambicatus (Livy)
ÄMBI KENGET vn ÄMBIKÄNKSMÄN n. goes round. OI im·cing imchim
ÄMBILANSSIÛ f. iris of eye. OI imlisen cf LANSSUS
OI mac imblissen, mac imlesan (pupil of eye)
ÄMBILOKUS m. place name. OI Imbliuch g. Imblecho I Imleach
ÄMBILON n. edge, border. I imeall W ymyl (< OI?)
ÄMBILUKOS visible, obvious. W amlwg
ÄMBI ORGET vn ÄMB(I)ORGENÂ f. gathers, shortens. OI do·immuirc I tiomargain
ÄMBI ED ORGÛ "I add", "I may add" OI immurgu I iomorro (however)
ÄMBI QELLÂT vn ÄMBIQELLON n. surrounds. OI imme·chella du.imchella I timcheall
ÄMBI RÂYET vn ÄMBIRÂMUS m. rows, navigates. OI imme·rái I iomramh

19. ÄMBIRÊDSMÄN n. riding around. OI imrim cf RÊDET
ÄMBIROLON n. missed (of a shot). I iomrall cf LÂYET
ÄMBI SÂWIT vn ÄMBISÂWETUS m. turns round. OI im·soi impuuth impúth I iompódh
ÄMBI SEDET vn ÄMBISODION n. besieges. OI immae·saitar I impidhe
ÄMBISNÎTON n. anxiety, sorrow. OI imned I imnidhe cf SNIYET
ÄMBI TÊGET vn ÄMBITIKTÂ f. sets forth. OI im·tiagam I imtheacht
ÄMBITOGON T(O)ÄMBITOGON n. cloak. OI timthach cf TOGIT
ÄMBI UKET defends, contends for. MW amwyn amyg- amwg B amoug (delay)
ÄMBI WINAT vn ÄMBIWIYON n. fences. OI ·imben (fences) imbe (fence)
AMBRÄNTS m. eyelid. OI abrait I fabhra W amrant B abrant OC abrans
AMERISTÂ f. doubt, disbelief. OI amires I amhras cf ERISTÂ
AMET pours out. OI ·aim cf ÄNDE AMET
AMLABARIS speechless. I amhlabhair W aflafar cf LABAROS
AMLESSON n (?) disadvantage. I aimhleas W afles
AMLONGIATIS m. man's name. Og Ammllongitt AOI Amolngith I Amhalghaidh
AMMÄNTÎ f. witch; fool, witless. OI ammait aimmit I amadán
AMNERTOS weak. I aimhneart
AMNISSOS harsh. OI amnas (harsh, crafty) W efnys (hostile)
AMOSSOS m. masterless man, mercenary. I amhas
AMRÊDIS unrideable, uneven. I aimhréidh W afrwydd
AMRIKTUS m. disguise. OI aimricht
AMULUKS beardless. OI amul(ch)ach B blouc'h (< OI?)
AN- ÄN- AM- negative prefix.
AN from. I an-iar an-oir an-uas etc. cf ANLESSIÛ ANLESSON
ANAS (for *ANOS) p. ANASÂ n. riches. OI ana
ANASONÂ f. goddess of riches. OI Anann
ANAT breathes. OI an- I fan- (remain) cf UKS ANAT
ANAMÛ m. soul. B ene p. anaon
ANASMÄN n. soul. OI animm g. anme I anam
ANATIS f. soul. W enaid
ANATIMÂROS m. "great-souled", man's name. OBr Anatemori
ANATLÂ f. breath. I anál W anadl MB alazn B alan
ANADSÂWOS difficult. OI ansae
ANAT blemishes. OI anaid cf ONOS
ANEMIS (?) f. blemish. OI anim W anaf B anañv
ANDAGON n. badness. OI andach
ANDAGATIS bad. OI andgaid aingid
ANDÂMOS unaccompanied, rare. I annamh
ANDÂT kindles, begins. OI and- cf AD ANDÂT, UKS ANDÂT
ANDE- intensive prefix. OI and- I an- W an- G ande- (Eriu 28.145f)
ÄNDE preverb (into). OI inn- W an- G ande- (Eriu 28.145f)
with personal pronouns:
ÄNDE ME OI indium ÄNDE SNÎS OI indiunn
ÄNDE TE OI indiut ÄNDE SWÎS OI indib
ÄNDE EM OI ind ÄNDE SÛS OI intiu
ÄNDE SIYÄN OI inte
ÄNDE AGET drives. OI ind·aig
ÄNDE AMET washes (hands and feet). OI ind·aim ad·haim vn indmat
ÄNDE ANEKET vn ÄND(E)ANEKTLON n. ?
AD ÄND(E)ANEKET escorts, leads. OI ad·indain
TO ÄND(E)ANEKET vn T(O)ÄND(E)ANEKTLON n. bestows. OI du·indnaig tindnacol
ANDE ARKET vn AND(E)ARKON n. greets. W annerch C dynnargh

20. ÄNDEBERON n. estuary. OI indbeir I inbhear cf ADBERON, KOMBERON
ÄNDE BINAT vn ÄNDEBIYON n. hacks, cuts. OI tinme tinbi
ÄNDE BLÂDIT vn ÄNDEBLÂDETUS m. makes a commotion. OI innlaidim indládud cf
BLÂDOS
ANDEDÊWOS m. major god. OI bennacht dé 7 andé fort
ÄNDE ENTET kindles. MW ennunhu W ennyn enynnu (SC 112.1f)
ÄNDE GARIT vn ÄNDEGARION n. guards, tends. OI ·ingair(e) tinghair I ionghaire
ANDEKAMULOS m. man's name. G Andecamulos
ANDEKSIS awkward, wretched. I andeis
ÄNDEGUSTUS m. man's name. OI Indgus
ÄNDE LÂYET vn ÄNDELON n. arranges,yokes. OI in·la I inneall
ANDEMÂROS enormous. I anmhór W enfawr
ANDEMNIYÂNTS f. patience. OI ainmne g ainmnet MW anmyned W amynedd
ANDERÂ f. damsel. I ainnear W anner B annoar G *anderá Fr landier Occ. andiron Basque
andere (W,B heiffer; Fr,Occ firedog)
ÄNDE RETET vn ÄNDERETON n. invades. OI in·reith indred
ANDERITUS m. great ford, place name. G *Anderitus Ανδερηδoν (Ptolemy) LLat Anderitum
Occ. Anterius
ÄNDEROS lower. G anderon (EC 15.I8O)
ÄNDE SÂWIT vn ÄNDESÂWETUS m. turns over, returns, converts. OI do·intá tintuuth I (t)
iontódh
ÄNDE SEDET inhabits. W annedd anheddu MB annhezaff C annedhy
ÄNDESLÎMUS m. wealth. OI intlem cf SLIYET
ÄNDESUBRON n. falling asleep. OI tindabrad (Eriu 27.119ff) cf SUBRON
ANDE TAUSET listens. MW andaw
ÄNDE WÊDET vn ÄNDEWISSIÛ f. tells. OI in·fét I innisin
EKS ÄNDEWÊDET vn EKSÄNDEWISSIÛ f. describes. OI ass.indet aisndís I faisnéis
ÄNDE WINAT vn ÄNDEWIYON n. fences in. OI inde (paddock, stable)
ÄNDIYÂ f. essence, inner part. I inne
ÄNDO inside (adverb, prefix)
with personal pronouns:
ÄNDO MOI OI indium I ionnam ÄNDO SNÎS OI indiunn
ÄNDO TOI OI indiut I ionnat ÄNDO SWÎS OI indib
ÄNDO EM OI and I ann ÄNDO YOBIS OI indib
ÄNDO YAI OI indi
ÄNDOGANON n. nature. W anian OB angan (SC 12.9) cf GANITRO
ÄNDOKOMBOGIOS m. man's name. G Andocombogius (Caesar) L Anokopokios
ÄNDONIGÄNTION n. bath tub. W ennaint (SC 12.9) cf NIGIT
ÄNDORÊGON n. plug keeping wound open. I ionnrach OB anre cf RIGET
ÄNDOWEGON n. woof. I inneach W anwe cf WEGET
ÄNDOWESTÂ f. byre, milking enclosure. OI indes cf WESET
ÄNDOYALIÂ f. property. OI indile cf YALUS
ANDUBNOS m. the otherworld. W Annwfn cf DUBNOS
ANEKET ANEKTLON n. protects. OI ·ainig I anacal cf AD ANEKET, ÄNDE ANEKET
sub. ANEKST OI ·ain ainsiu
aor. ANEKT OI ·anacht
pp. ANEKTOS OI anacht
ANEKTLOMÂROS "great in protection". G Apollini Anextlomaro
ANEMORÎGS m. man's name. AOI Ainmori g. Ainmuireg I Ainmhire
ANGONIÂ f. treachery. OI tangnae
ANGÛ f. snake,eel. cf ISKOANGÛ
ÄNGUÎNÂ f. finger nail. OI ingen I ionga W ewin B ivin OC euuin

21. ÄNKARANTS m. enemy. OI éccra W angar (cruel) cf KARANTS
ÄNKARANTIÂ f. enmity. OI éccraite
ÄNKATON n. fish hook. OI écath MW anghad
ÄNKENÂ f. need. I éigean W angen B,C anken
ÄNKENAWOS m. salmon. I éigne G *ankenavos LLat ancorago ancoravus O.Picard ancreu
Walloon ancraou German Anke
ÄNKET reaches. OI ·ic MW a(n)gh- (escape) B rankout
sub. ÄNKST OI ·í ·íssed
perf. ÂNONKE OI ·ánic
pp. ÄNKTOS OI ·rícht
vn. -ÄNKTIÛ f. -ÄNKON n.
cf ARE ÄNKET, DÎ ÄNKET, KON ÄNKET, RO ÄNKET, TO ÄNKET
ÄNKEWES p. the dead. OI do écaib I éag W angau B ankou C ankow cf ENKTUS
ÄNKONDERKIS invisible. OI écndairc cf DERKET
ANLESSON n. sweat. I allas
ANLESSIÛ f. sore, cancer, tumour. I aillse
ANMÄN n. name. Og anm I ainm OW anu W enw B anv C hanow G p anuana
ÂNOS m. ring. (cf Lat ânus)
ÂNINION n. small ring. OI áinne I fáinne
ANSÂ f. footprint. OI és (Eriu 32.159)
ANSIYÂS p.f. reins. OI éssi (cf Gk hêniâ)
ÄNSKÎTIS tireless. I éascaidh (quick); OI abstract éscus
ÄNTEKIS ugly. OI étig cf TEKOS
ANTROS m. place name. Goedelic Andros (Pliny) Αδρου (Ptolemy) OI Étar I Binn Éadair
ANTONOS m. forehead. I éadan
ANUKTON n. what is not said, grammatical (or poetic) fault. OI anocht cf UKTON
ANWÊLOS shameless. OI anbal
ANWETÂ ANWETONIÂ f. storm. OI anbud ainbthine cf WETÂ
ANWIDS ignorant. OI ainb
ANWISSUS m. ignorance. I ainbhios
ANWLAMATIS m. man's name. Og Anavlamattias OI Anfolmith
ANWOSTATIS unstable, uneven. OI anbsaid W anwastad
ARATRON n. plough. OI arathar W aradr MB arazr B arar OC aradar cf ARIT
ARATRÂKON n. ferryboat. OI arthrach I árthach
ARATRIOS m. man's name. G Aratrius
ARAUSIOS m. temple(of head). I ara (cf Gk pareíâ id.) cf AUS
ARBÎNON n? turnip. W erfin B irvin
ARDWOS high. I ard W ardd
ARDWEN- high ground, place name. G Arduenna (Caesar) Fr Ardennes
ARDWÎ f. peak,point, cardinal point. I aird
ARE for, because of, in front of, beside. I ar W er (preposition); OI tair I thoir (in front, in the
east)
with personal pronouns:
ARE ME OI airium ARE SNÎS OI erunn
ARE TE OI airiut ARE SWÎS OI airib
ARE EM OI airi ARE SÛS OI airriu erru
ARE YÛ OI airiu ARE YOBIS OI airib
ARE SIYÄN OI airre
ARE YAI OI airi
ARE ÄNKET vn AR(E)ÄNKON n. brings about, finds. OI ·airic airec
ARE BÂGÎT vn AREBÂGÂ f. boasts. OI ar·báigi airbag
ARE BERET m AREBERIÂ f. reproaches. OI ar·beir airbire I oirbhire

22. ARE BERET partakes of, brings out, expresses. OI ar·beir
AREBERÂ f. armful, bundle. OI airber
AREBERON n. custom, usage. W arfer
AREBERTÂ f. practise, use. OI airbert I oirbheart
ARE BINAT vn AREBIYON n. harms. OI aurbai
AREBÎTIS f. destruction, fight. OI airbaid W erfid
AREBOGON n. breach, destruction. OI airbach urbach cf BONGET
AREBOWION n. hedge, fence, pen. OI airbe cf BOWIOS
AREBRIGNOS by the hills. G *arebrignos Lat arebrignus cf BRIGS
AREDAMON n. porch, vestibule. OI airdom I urdhamh cf DAM-
AREDERKIS well known, manifest. OI airdirc I oirdhirc W ardderchog (excellent) cf DERKET
AREDRIKÂ f. face, front. OI airdrech cf DRIKS
AREDROUGOS m. phantom, ghost. OI airdrech aurddrag
AREDURNON n (?) ankle, wrist. OI aurdorn W arddwrn B arzorn cf DURNOS
AREEMBIBERTÂ f. preparation. OI airimbert W armerth
AREGALÂ f. battle, vigour. OI airgal I iorghal W arial cf ARE WIKET
ARE GARIT vn AREGARION n. forbids. OI ar·gair ergaire irgaire I urghaire
AREGNÂTIS well known, famous. OI airgnaid ergnaid cf GNÂTOS
OI abstract airgnas ergnas aurgnatu
AREGNÂWOS well known, famous. OI airgnae cf GNÂWOS
ARE GNIYET vn AREGNÎMUS m. prepares. OI ·aurgnaidh aurgnam I urghnamh
AREKAITOS edge of a wood. W argoed
ARE KANET vn AREKANTLON n. declares, sings forth. OI ar·cain airchetal W argan
(lamentation)
ARE KELET conceals. OI ar·celim W argelu
ARE KLEKET vn AREKLEKIÂ f. wards off. OI ar·clich irchlige
AREKOMELON n short spancel. OI airchomal I urchall cf KON LÂYET
ARE KORITRO increases. OI ar·cuirethar
AREKOROS m. shot, throw, thrust. I urchar W ergyr
AREKOYÂ f. outhouse, side building. OI airchae cf KOYÂ
ARE KRINET trembles, fears. W ergrynu
ARE E KRINET perishes. OI ara·chrin
AREKRITIS f. terror. W ergryd
AREKRIYON n. perishing. OI irchre erchrae I urchra
ARELABARIÂ f. speech. OI airlabrae I urlabhra
ARELANDÂ f. forecourt. OI airlann aurland I urlann
ARELENGON n. hurdle, barrier. OI airleng cf LENGET
ARE LINAT chases, pursues. W erlyn-
vn. ARELÎTIS f. W erlid ARELÊSMÄN n. OI airlim
ARE LINQET lends. OI ara·leicthar vn airlicud
ARELOWOS m(?) lock of hair. OI airla I urla cf LOWOS
AREMEDÂ f. measure for grain. OI airmed
ARE MEDITRO vn AREMESSIÛ f. hits on, understands. OI ·irmadar ermaissiu
AREMEDON n. intent. W arfedd arfeddydd
ARE MONITRO vn AREMÄNTIÛ f. honours. OI ar·muinethar ermitiu I oirmhidin
AREMORIKÂ f. seaside, shore, placename. G Armorica (Caesar)
cf W arfordir arforwy, sea coast
ARE NASKET vn ARENADMÄN n. betroths. OI ar·naisc I urnaidhm
ARE ORGET vn AREORGENÂ f. ?
KON AREORGET vn KOMAREORGENÂ f. errs. OI con·rerortatar comrorcon W cyfeiliorn
AREORON n. edge, coast, shore. OI airer I oirear W eryr cf OROS
ARE QELLÂT vn AREQELLON n. circles, constrains. OI tairchella taircell

23. AREQENNIS f. headland of ploughed field. OI airchinn G arepennis (Columella) Fr arpent
AREQENNOS fixed, definite, prominent. OI airchenn
AREQENNÎKOS prominent. OI airchinnech (head, leader) W arbennig (special)
ARE QÊSLÂT vn AREQÊSLÂ f. (1) taked care of, saves (2) convinces.W arbwyllo (2) B
arboellañ (1)
ARE QETET has pity on. OI ar·cessi vn airchissecht W arbed cf QETET
ARE REGET vn AREREGON n. AREREGIÂ f. ?
ARE AREREGET vn (1) ATEAREREGON n. (2) ATEAREREGIÂ f. (1) repeats (2)
emends.
OI ad·errig aithirrech (1) aithirge (2) I atharrach (1) aithrighe (2)
ARE RETET vn ARERETON n. seizes, assails. OI ar·rethat
AREROYON n. payment (for someone). I arra cf RINAT
ARESAGS m. nobleman. OI aire cf SAGIT
ARESAKTÂ f. assembly of nobles. OI airecht I oireacht
ARE SISTETRO vn ARESISTAUS m. rests. OI ara·sissedar erissem I oiriseamh
ARESKIYON n. stump of neck. OI airsce cf SEKET
ARE SLADET defends. OI ar·slaithi
ARE SLIGET vn ARESLOIGON n. kills. OI ar·slig airlech
ARESODION n. bench. OI airide cf SEDET
ARESTATIS old. OI arsaid airsid I arsaidh
ARESTÛNÂ f. doorpost. I ursa g. ursan cf STÛNÂ
ARE TAUSET listens, is silent. OI ar·tuaisi vn erthuasacht
ARETEGON n. a high oath. I urthach cf TONGET
ARETERON n. front part, east. OI airther I oirthear cf RÂKOTERON
ARETOGION n. protection. W ardwy cf TOGIT
ARE TUDET vn ARETEUDSMÄN n. falls into swoon or trance. OI taurthim
ARE WEDET vn AREWEDNÂ f. guides. W arwedd- arwain
AREWEDS m. charioteer. I ara g. aradh
AREWEDONÂ f. reins, guidance. OI aradu g. aradan (remodelled)
AREWERNO- p.m. tribal name. G *Arewerno- Arverni (Caesar)
AREWERNORÎGS m. god of the AREWERNO- G Mercurio Arvernorigi
AREWIDION n. sign, token. I airdhe (<*ARUDION) W arwydd B arouez cf WINDETRO
ARE WIKET vn AREGALÂ f.(q.v.) fights, conquers. OI ar.·fich
ARE WINAT vn AREWIYON n. excludes, shuts out OI ar·fenat aire (hedge, dam, weir)
ARE WINDETRO vn AREWISSUS m. knows. OI ara·finnathar aires (tryst, assignation)
AREWOLÂMOS ready. OI aurlam (<*ARULÂMOS) I ullamh cf ADWOLÂMOS
AREWORÂTOS m. surety, guarantor, person of standing. OI aurrad (< *ARURÂTOS) I urradh
cf DÎWORÂTIS
AREWORON n. delight, desire, satisfaction. OI airer
AREWOZDOS m. length, interval. OI airet I oiread cf WOZDOS
ARE YÂLÎT vn AREYÂLON n. beseeches. W eiriol ?
ARGÄNTON n. silver. OI argat I airgead W arian(t) B arc'hant C arghans G arganto-
ARGÄNTOBRANOS m. "silver crow", man's name. OI Argatbran
ARGÄNTODUBRON n. river name (in Aude). Occ. Argentdoble (821 Argentumduprum)
ARGÄNTOKOKSOS m. "silver leg", man's name. OBr Αργεντοκοξος
ARGÄNTOMAGOS n. place name. G *Argantomagos LLat Argantomago (IA) Fr Argenton
ARGÄNTOMÂROS m. "great in silver", man's name. OI Argatmar
ARGÄNTORÂTIS f. place name (Strassburg) G *Argantorâtis (Argentorate PT)
ARGÄNTOROTÂ f. "the lady with the silver heel", a goddess. W Arianrhod
ARGÄNTOYALON n. place name. G *Argantoialon LLat Argentoialo Fr Argenteuil
ARG(I)ON n(?) snow. OI arg (drop) W eira B erc'h OC irch
ARGIOTALUS m. man's name, "snowy browed". G Argiotalus

24. ARIT ploughs. OI ·air airim W ardd- B arat cf MRAKNOAROS
sub. ARÂT OI ·ara
vn AROS m. OI ar
ARTÎKÂ f. freshly ploughed field. G *artîkâ Occ/Cat. artiga
ARIAMÛ m. plowman. OI airem I oireamh
ARKET requests, greets. OI arcu ·comaircc W arch- MB arch- C argh-
sub. ARKST OI ·comarser
perf. ÂRKER OI ·comarcair
vn -ARKON n. cf AMARKON, ANDE ARKET, KON ARKET
ARMMÄN n. place. OI airm
ARTOS m. bear. I Art W arth
ARTÂ f. bear goddess. OI macua Arta, mac hua Airte
ARTIÛ f. bear goddess. G deae Artioni
ARTOGALÂ f. man's name. OI Artgal OW Arthgal
ARTOGENOS m. man's name. OW Arthgen MW Arthen
ARTOMAGLOS m. man's name. OW Artmail MW Arthvael
ARTORÎGS m. man's name. OI Artrí g. Artrach
ARTORÎGION n. tribe of the bear goddess. I Artraighe
ARWAR g. ARWENS n. crops, grain. I arbhar g. arbha p. arbhann
ARWEROS m. host, army. OI arbar arber
ÂSNOS bright, glowing. I án
ASSON n. nourishment. OI as (milk)
ÂSSON n. growth. OI ás I fás
ASTO- bone. MW asseu eis (ribs)
ASTONION n. rib. I asna W asen
ASTOKORNON n (?) bone. W asgwrn B askourn C ascorn
ATE- again, re- (preverb). I aith- W ad- G ate-
ATE AWET leaves. W adaw
ATE BERET vn ATEBRITIS f. restores. W adfer- edfryd
ATEBERON n. reproach. I aithbhear cf BARNAT, DÎATEBERIS
ATE BIYET is past. W adfod
ATEBIYON n. ebb of the sea. I aithbhe cf BINAT
ATEBODWOS m. man's name. G Ateboduus
ATE BONGET vn ATEBOGON n. breaks (contract) OI taithbeg
ATE DAWET ignites. OI ad.daí vn atúd I adódh
ATEDAWON n (?) firebrand. B etev
ATEDAWINION n. firebrand. I aithinne W atewyn
ATEGANON n. progeny, lineage. W adian cf GANITRO
ATEGNÂTOS m. personal name. G f. Ategnate
ATEGNIYON n. recognition. OI aithigne I aithne cf GNINUT
ATEGNIYOMÂROS m. man's name. G Ategniomari
ATEKOS m. a certain time. OI athach W adeg
ATEKOZDÎ p.m. a tribal name, "the old ones" OBr Atecotti cf KOZDOS
ATELIYON n. following, consequence. I aithle cf LINAT
ATE NEWET vn ATENOWON n. pledges. OI ·aithnither I aithne W adnau
ATE RÂDIT vn ATERÂDOS m. recites. W adrodd
ATE SEQET un ATES(E)QON n. answers. OI aithesc W ateb
ATESQÂTOS m. man's name. G Atespatus
ATE WINAT vn ATEWIYON n. repays, recompenses. OI ad·fenar I aithe
ATEWISSIS f. insult. I aithis cf WÊDET
ÂTIS f. kiln, oven. I áith W odyn
ATÎR m. father. OI athir I athair

25. ATERONIOS m. man's name. G Ateronius
ATRINIOS m. man's name. I Aithirne
ATRIWIOS m. paternal relative. OI p. aithre
cf GUTUATÎR, WIDES ATRIS
ATSMUS m. time. I am
ATSMUSTERÂ f. time,weather. I aimsear W amser B amzer OC anser
ATTIOS m. fosterfather. OI aite I oide cf ATÎR
AU from. I ó W o B a
with personal pronouns:
AU MOI OI uaim AU SNÎS OI uainn
AU TOI OI uait AU SWÎS OI uaib
AU TÛ OI uad AU TOBIS OI uadib
AU TIYAI OI uadi
AUBEROS vain, emptied. I uabhar (pride) W ofer B euver cf BERET
AUS g. AUSOS n. ear. OI áu áo ó p. aue oa cf ARAUSIOS, SUAUSIÂ
AUS SAGITRO > AUSAGITRO hears. OI auchide auchaide auchar augestar
AUSANÂ f. sun. W huan
AUTÎNIO- p.m. tribal name. Og Αυτινοι (Ptolemy) I Uaithne
AUTÎTOS rare, solitary. I uathadh W odid (Eriu 27.128) cf TINUT
AWELÂ f. wind, breeze. OI ael aial W,C awel B avel cf WENTOS
AWENTROS m. uncle. W ewythr B eontr OC euitor OI amnair (< Br?) cf AWIOS
AWETS AWENÂ f. poetic art. OI aui g. uath W awen
AWET guards, defends. OI con·oí ·comai W rhy-m aw cf ATE AWET,KON AWET
sub. AWÂTRO OI con·oadar ·comathar
vn AWETUS m.
AWIOS m. grandson. Og avi OI aue I ó ua SG ogha cf AWENTROS
AWOISON n (?) liver. OI oe I p. aoi SG atha W afu B avu
BA- dies. cf AD BA-
pp. BATOS OI at·bath ·apad
vn -BATIÛ f. OI apthu
BATON n. plague. W bad
BÂDIT vn BÂDETUS m. drowns. I báidh- bádhadh W boddi (bawdd) B beuzin C buthy
BÂGÂ f. fight. OI bág
BÂGÎT fights. OI bágim MW bwyo cf ARE BÂGÎT
Here? W bai (fault, blame)
BAIDOS m. boar. W baedd
BAIDAGNOS m. man's name. Og Baidagni OI Baedán
BAISSON n (?) manners. W moes B boaz I béas (< W)
BAITLON n. danger. I baoghal (for the phonetic development cf SAITLON)
BAITOS foolish. I baoth; baos (foolishness)
BALÂ f. peak, summit. W bâl; OI bal I bail (prosperity)
BALOBRIGS f. place name. G *Balobriga Fr Baloeuvre
BALOMAGOS n. place name. G *Balomagos Fr Balon
BALIOS m. homestead. I baile
BALKOS a. proud. OI balc W balch
BALLET strikes, kills. OI ·baill
sub. BELÂT OI ·bela W belu (to kill)
aor. BELT OI ·rubalt ·ebailt
vn -BELTIÛ f. OI epeltu apaltu
BALEROS m. drought god. I Balar
cf W ball (plague, death). cf EKS BALLET

26. BALLOS m. member, limb. I ball cf ROTOBALLOS
BANATLON n(?) broom (plant). W banadl MB balazn B banal OC banathel
BÄNDUS melodious. I binn (< *BÄNDWIS) MW ban OB bann
BÄNNÂ f. horn (ev. peak). I beann W ban MB ban- G *bannâ Occ. bana Cat. banya
BÄNNOBRIGS f. place name. G *Bannobrigá Galician Bañobre
BANO- composition form of BENÂ which see.
BANODÊWÂ f. goddess, river name. OI Bandae I Banna
BANONÂ f. woman's name. G Banona
BANOSKÂKSLON n. woman. OI banscál
BANOTÛTS m. woman's property. OI p. bandtaig
BANOWESTIS f. wedding feast. OI banais I bainis cf WESET
BÂNOS shining. I bán (white)
BANWOS m. piglet, sucking pig. I banbh W banw B banv OC baneu G Banvi
BARÄNDÂ f. large stone. OI bairenn I boireann
BARÄNDÎKOS m. limpet. I bairneach W brennig B brennigen
BARÄNNS m. anger. OI barae g. barann W bâr
BARÄNNÂKOS angry. OI bairnech
BARDOS m. bard. I bard W bardd B barzh C barth G bardos cf BRÂDOS
BAREGON n bread. W,B,C bara
BAREGENON n loaf. I bairghean
BAROGENÂ f. black bread. Occ.(Gascon) bròja Castilian borona Portuguese b(o)roa
BÂREGON n. morning. OI barach W bore B beure
BARKÂ f. spear shaft. OI barc W barch
BARNAT vn -BERON n. judges. W barnu B barnañ cf ATEBERON, BRÂTUS, EKS BERET
BARROS m. summit, spike. I,W,B barr
BARUS heavy. OI bair (< *BARIS)
BÂSET vn BÂSETON n. dies. OI ·ba ·baat bath baath cf DÎ BÂSET
sub. BÂSÂT OI ·baad
fut. BIBÂST OI ·beba
perf. BEBÂSE OI ·bebae
BÂSSON n. death. I bás
BASKIS f. burden. W baich B bec'h. Here? OI basc (collar)
BEBROS m. beaver.
BEBRAKTÂ f. beaver colony, place name. G Bibracte (Caesar) Fr Mont Beuvrey
BEBRONÂ f. river name. G *Bebroná LLat Bebronnae Fr Brevenne
BEDON n. trench. W bedd B bez C beth (grave) G *bedon OFr bief biez Occ. besa(l)
(millrace)
BEDORÂTIS f. tumulus, graveyard. W beddrod MB bezred B bered
BEKLOS m. gob,beak. I béal (mouth). Hypocoristic BEKKOS m. G *bekkos LLat beccus
Fr,Occ.,Cat. bec. Asturian beizo Portuguese beiço (lower lip) < *BEKKIOS
BEKLOSENTUS m. pass,frontier. OI bélat
BEKTOS exact. I beacht
BELEGON n. road,path. I bealach
BELEGION n. bridle. OI beilge
BELENOS m. a god. G Apollini Beleno
BELENOTÄNESÎ d.n. two fires of Belenos, May day. I Beal(l)taine (< *BELNOTÄNESÎ)
Here also BELISAMOS? G Minervae Belisamae Βηληsαmι
BELEWOS m. marten. MW beleu W bele
BELION n. sacred tree. I bile
BELIOKANDÂ f. Achillea millefolium. G *beliokandá βελιouκανδας (Dioscorides)
BELIOMAGOS n. place name. G *Beliomagos LLat. Billiomaco Occ. Bilhom
BENA f. woman. I bean G -bena

27. S. N. BENA OI ben I bean BEN I bé
A. BENÄN OI bein
G. BNÂS I mná
D. BNAI OI mnaí I mnaoi
P. NA. BNÂS I mná
G. BANON I ban
D. BNÂBIS I mnáibh
Composition form BANO- q.v.
BENION n. crime. OI bine
BENTUS m. crime, injury. I béad.
BÊNOS m. sheepskin. I bian
BERET carries, bears. OI ·beir I beir-
sub. BERÂT OI ·bera
aor. BERT OI ·bert MW cgmerth C kemert(h)
pp. BRITOS OI ·breth
vn. BRITÂ OI breth BRITIS W cymryd -BERTÂ f.
BERÄNTÎ f. sow ("bearer"). OI beirit birit
cf ÄMBERÄNTÎ, ARE BERET, ATE BERET, AUBEROS, EMBI BERET, KON BERET, TO
BERET, UKS BERET, WER BERET, WO BERET, WRIT BERET
BERGÂ f. river bank. G *bergâ Fr berge
BERNÂ BERNÂTS f. gap. OI bern berna I bearna
BERTÂT prepares,determines. OI ·berta I beartaigh- cf ADBERTÂ, AREEMBIBERTÂ
BERTOS shining. W berth (beautiful) cf WLATIBERTÂKOS
BERU n. roasting spit. I bior W bêr B,C ber
BERUROS m. watercress. OI biror I biolar W berwr B,OC beler G berula
BERURAWON n. place of watercress, place name. I Biorra
BERWET boils. I bearbhadh W berwi B birviñ cf BORWOS, BRUTUS, EKS BRÎWÄNT,
UKSBERON
BERWIÂ f. river name. I Bearbha
BÊSMÄN n. blow. I béim B bomm C bom cf BINAT
BÊON n. food. W bwyd B boed C bo(y)s cf OI biathaid (feeds,supports)
BETÛ f. birch tree. I beithe (< *BETWÎ) W bedw B bezvenn G *betú Lat. betula
From G *bettio-: Occ.Cat. beç Cast. biezo
BETULANDÂ f. birch clearing, place name. I Biothlann
BETUWOS m. man's name. G Betuo f. Betua, Betuvius, f. Betubia
BEUDLIT vn BEUDLETUS m. strikes. I buail- bualadh cf BUDLINIOM
BEWENOS permanent. I buan
BEZGÂ f. leap. I beadhg
BEZGÎT leaps, startles. OI bidg- cf DÎ BEZGÎT
BIBUDÛS m. enemy. OI bibdu g. bibdad; abstract bibdanas. cf BUNDET
BIKKOS small. I beag W bych (e.g. Dinbych)
BIKKAGNOS small. I beagán W bychan B bihan
BIKOS m. bee. I beach G *bikos cf W begegyr (drone) Occ.(Creuse dialect) beca abieca
bieca (bee) represent crossings of G *bikos and Occ. abelha.
BILIS good. OI bil
BILIKATUS m. man's name. G Bilicatus
BINAT becomes. cf RO BINAT, WRIT BINAT
BINAT has been remodelled from *BUNAT under the influence of BIYET q.v.
BINAT strikes, cuts. OI ·ben I bean- MB benaff
sub. BIYÂT OI ·bia
fut. ? OI sl biu s3 bied bith-
pret. BIBE (proto-Goidelic *BIWE) OI s1 beo s3 bí

28. pp. BÎTOS OI ·bíth
vn. BÊSMÄN (see above) -BIYON n.
BINANTÎ f. rennet ("breaker") I binid
BIYÂKOS striking. OI biach (erect sc. penis)
cf AD BINAT, ARE BINAT, ATEBIYON, BIYASLIS, KON BINAT, ROBIYON, WO BINAT
BIRROS short. OI,B berr W byrr G *birros LLat birrus (short mantle)
cf I bearradh (to shave)
BISTIS m. finger. OI bissi ega (icicles) W bys B biz OC bis
BISTLI n. gall. W bustl B bestl C bystel G *bistli Occ. bescle
BÎTS f. entrance. OI bí g. bith cf EMBÎTS
BITUS m. world. I bioth W byd B bed C bys
BITURÎGES p. tribal name, "kings of the world". G Bituriges (Caesar) Fr Bourges
BÎWÂ f. bitumen, pitch. OI bí
BIWOS alive. I beo W byw B bev
BIWETON n. food, livelihood. OI biäd I biadh W bywyd
BIWOTÛTS m. life. OI bethu I beatha
BIYASLIS f. axe. OI biail g. bela W bwyall B bouc'hal C boell OHG bîal (< G) cf BINAT
BIYAMON n(?) beehive. W byddaf B binenn (remodelled)
BIYET becomes. OI ·bí I bídh W bydd (MW vr bi bit) B bez C beth
BIYET is the result of regressive assimilation from *BUYET
sub. BESET OI ·bé
fut. BIYÂT OI ·bia MW bydawt
perf. BOWE OI ·boí W bu
pp. BUTOS OI ·both
vn BUTÂ f. OI both buith W bod B bout
Further forms:
sub. OW boi MW bo G buet-id (EC 15.184)
fut. G bissiet (EC 15.186)
cf ATE BIYET, ENIBUTÂ, KÄNTÂ BIYET
BLADON n. fame. I bladh
BLÂDOS m. commotion. W blawdd cf ÄNDE BLÂDIT
BLAKNON n (?) end, tip, summit. W blaen C blyn B blein
BLAKOIRO- ? shoots, sprouts. W blagur
BLÂROS pale, bare. I blár (open space) W blawr (pale, grey) cf Lat. florus
BLÂTUS m. flower. I bláth MW blawd W blodau
cf C blejan B bleunienn bleuñvenn from *BLÂTMEN- ?
BLÂTUKÂ f. buttermilk. I bláthach LLat balthuta (read *blathuca)
BLÂTUMÂROS m. man's name. G Biatumari (read Blatumari) f. Belatumarae
BLÊDANÎ g. BLIDNIYÂS f. year. I bliadhain W blwyddyn p. blynedd B blizenn C blethen
blythen
-BLÊDOS X-years old. W blwydd B bloaz
BLEDIOS m. wolf. W blaidd B bleiz
BLEDINOS m. candlewick, lupicorda (Verbascum thapsus). G *bledinos Occ. blese Cat.
ble
BLÎNOS tired. W,B blin
BLIWÂ f. hair. W blew B blev
BLUNGET swells up, gets angry. W blyngu blwng B blouiñ
BODÎNÂ f. troop. I buidhean W byddihn OB bodin cf WOBEDIS
BODÎKÂ f. fallow field. G *bodîkâ Occ. bosiga Cat. boïga
BODIOS yellow. I buidhe (cf Lat. badius)
BODIOKASSÎS p.m. tribal name. G Bodiocasses (Pliny) Fr Bayeux
BODWÂ f. carrion crow, war goddess. I Bodhbh

29. BODWÂKOS m. man's name. G Boduaci OBr Boduoci
BODWOGENOS m. man's name. OBr Boduogenus
BODWOGNÂTOS m. man's name. G Boduognatus (Caesar)
BODWOKATUS m. man's name. OI Bodbchad
BOGGOS soft. I bog
BOLGO- p.m. a tribal name. OI Fir Bolg G Belgae
G Belgae shows dialectal E for O after labial (cf MONAQÎ, WORETOMÂROS)
BOLGOS m. bag, belly. I bolg W bol(a) B bolc'h (flax husk) G *bolgo- LLat bulga (leather bag)
BOLKOS m(?) mountain pass. W bwlch B boulc'h
BONGET breaks, reaps. OI ·boing
sub. BOKST OI ·bó ·bosar
fut. BIBOKST OI s1 ·bibus
perf.BEBOGE OI ·bobig ·chombaig
pp. BOKTOS OI ·bocht
vn BOGNIS f. I buain -BOGON n.
BOKSMÄN n. piece, fragment. OI boim
BOKTOS poor. I bocht
cf ADBOGON, AREBOGON, ATE BONGET, KON BONGET, TO BONGET, WOBOGON
BONUS n. base, basis, trunk. I bun W bôn
BONUSEDON n. basis. I bunadh MW bonhed (noble ancestry)
BORBOS foolish, rude. I borb
BORGIT raises. W bwrw byri- (throws)
BORROS swollen. I borr W bwrr G *borros Occ. borrar Fr bourrer
BORWOS boiling. cf BERWET
BORWÂ f. hot mud. G *borvâ Fr bourbe
BORWON- m. local god at Bourbon. G deo Apollini Borvoni Fr Bourbon
BORWETOMAGOS n. place name. G Borvetamagos Βορβητομαγος (Ptolemy) German
Worms
BOSTÂ f. palm of hand. I,W bos
cf G *ambibostâ > ambostâ, the fill of both hands. Occ.(Bearn) mosta Cat. embosta
Asturian ambueza Piemontese ambosta
BOUDI n. victory, talent. I buaidh W budd B buz
BOUDÎKOS victorious. W buddig
BOUDÎKÂ f. woman's name. OBr Boudicca (Tacitus)
BOUDIMAGLOS m. man's name. AOI Boidmal
BOUS f. cow.
S. N. BOUS I bó
A. BOWÄN I boin (from sandhi form before vocalic auslaut)
G. BOWOS I bó OI bóu
D. BOWI
P. N. BOWES I ba MW bu
A. BOWÂS OI bú is a remodelling after the analogy of U stems
G. BOWON OI báu
D. BOUBIS I buaibh
cf also W biw B bioù
BOUGORTOS m. cowyard. W buarth
BOUKÂ f. small cow. Hypocoristic BOUKKÂ W buwch MW buch B buoc'h C bugh
BOUKKIATIS m. cowherd. OI Buchet (< Br)
BOUKOLIS m. cowherd, lad. I buachaill W bugail B,C bugel
BOURÊGON n. spancel. I buarach W burwy cf RIGET
BOUSTON n. cow pasture. OI buas (wealth in cattle) CI boustom (ZCP 34.12) Castilian

30. bustar Portuguese bostar
BOUSWETOS m. boasting ("bull blowing"). OI buafad
BOUTEGOS n. stable, cowshed. I bóitheach W beudy OB boutig
BOUWINDÂ f. "she who has white cows", goddess and river name. Og Βουοuινδα
(Ptolemy)
AOI Boend I Bóinn
BOWITRON n. road, cow track. I bothar W beidr (< I)
BOUYALIÂ f. cow pen. I buaile cf YALUS
BOWIOS pertaining to cows. cf AREBOWION
BOWERON n cattle. I buar
BOUTRON n. dung. I buachar (for *buathar) W budr (dirty)
BOYÎ p.m. tribal name. G Βοιoι (Polybius)
BOYODURON n. placename. G Βοιoδoυρoν (Ptolemy) German Beiderbach
BOYORÎGS m. man's name. G Boiorix (Livy)
BOYON n. profit. OI bae
BOZDOS m. knob. I bod (penis) W both (hub of wheel) G *bottos Fr bout (end) bouton
(button)
BRÂDOS m. poetry. W brawddeg (sentence) cf BARDOS
BRAGET farts, bellows. OI ·braig G *brag- Fr,Occ. braire (bray)
perf. BEBRAGE OI bebraig
vn. BRAKSMÄN n. I broim W bram C bramm G *bramman Occ.Cat. bramar (to bellow)
BRAGANÂ f. carrion crow. W breuan
BRÂGÄNTS m. throat. I brágha g brághad W breuant (windpipe) OB brehant C bryangen
BRAGATS m (?) graveworm. W breuad
BRANÂ f. crow. W,B bran G *branâ Basque bela
BRANOS m. raven. I bran G *branos Basque belatz Og Brani W Bran
BRANODÛNON n. place name. OBr Branoduno (ND)
BRANOGALÂ f. man's name. OI Brangal
BRANODUBUS m. man's name OI Brandub
BRANOGENOS m. man's name. Og Branogeni
BRANOGENION n. place name. OBr Βρανογενιον (Ptolemy)
BRANOWIKES p.m. tribal name. G Brannovices (Caesar)
BRÄNKÂ f. lie,falsehood. I bréag
BRASSOS thick, big. OI,W bras B braz
BRÂTÎR m. brother. I bráthair W brawd B breur C broder
BRÂTRONOS m. man's name. G Bratronos
BRATTOS m. cloak. I brat W brethyn (woollen cloth) Here? B brozh (skirt)
BRÂTUS m. judgement. I bráth W brawd B breut (pleader) C bres G bratu- cf BARNAT,
SUBRÂTIÛ
BRÂWÛ f. quern. I bró g brón (OI broon) W breuan B brev OC brou
BRAZDET harms, plunders. I brad- W brathu (to sting, stab)
BRAZDÂ f. plunder. OI brat I broid
BREMET roars. W brefu
BRENDET bubbles forth. OI ·eprinn
perf. BEBRONDE OI bebarnatar
vn. BRÄNSSIÛ f. OI bréisiu cf EKS BRENDET, UKS BRENDET
BRESTOS broken (break). I briseadh B bresañ (rumple) G *bressos Occ. bresar Fr briser
sub. BRESÂT (break) OI ·bria
BRESKUS fragile. I briosc B bresk cf ADBRESKIS
BRÊTIS torn,holed. W brwyd
BRÊTRON n. a tearing. I briathar (word) W brwydr (battle) cf EKSBRÊTRON
BRÎGON n. strength, worth, power. I bríogh W,MB bri C bry G *brôgon OFr brif Occ. briu

31. Italian brio
BRÎGÂKOS m. man's name. OBr Briaci B Briek
BRÎGOMAGLOS m. man's name. OBr Brigomaglos Briomaglus
BRIGÄNTÎ f. dawn goddess. I Brighid OBr Brigantia (place name) OW bryeint W braint
(privilege)
BRIGÄNTÎNOS m. husband of Brigäntî, hence "king" AOI Brenden g. Brendin I Bréanainn
(man's name < Br) MW breenhin W brenin C brentyn cf G Brigantinus Lacus
BRIGÄNTES p.m. tribal name. G, OBr Brigantes
BRIGÄNTION n. city of the Brigantes. G Brigantion CI Birigantio (on coin)
BRIGODIOS fine, fair. I breaghdha
BRIGS f. hill fort. OI brí g. breg W fry (upwards)
BRIGÂ f. id. W,C,B bre (hill)
BRIGNOS hilly. W bryn (hill) cf AREBRIGNOS
BRIGÛ m. chief (of hill fort). OI Bregon (man's name) OI Brion g. Briuin (man's name <
Br) OI bregu (prince, chief < Br)
BRIGÛTS g. BRIGUTOS m. hospitaller (owner of hill fort?) OI briugu g. briugad
BRIKKOS speckled, freckled. I breac W brych B brec'h (pock) G Briccus (man's name)
BRIKKÂ f. speckled cow. G *brikká Poitevin breche
BRIKTON BRIKTLON n. harm, magic. G bricto(m)
BRIKTLIÛO m. magician. OI Bricriu (assimilation from *Bricliu, Bricre the poison-tongued)
I Loch Bricleann (Bricre's lake)
BRIKTLINIOS m. descendent of Briktliû. OI Briccirne
BRIKTUS m. magic formula. I briocht G brixtia(EC 15.18O)
BRITÂ f. judgement. I breath
BRÎWÂ f. bridge. G Briva -briva
BRÎWATIS f (?) place name. G *Brîvati- LLat. Brivas Occ. Briude
BRÎWODURON n. place name. G Brivoduro (TP) Fr Briare
BRODÎNÂ f. hotel for travellers. I bruidhean
BROKKOS m. badger. Og Brocc Broci I broc W broch B broc'h
BROKKOMAGLOS m. man's name. OBr Brohomagli OW,OB Brocmail MW Brochvael
BROKSÂ f. witch, enchantress. Occ. bruèissa Cat. bruixa cf BRIKTLON
BROMBÂKOS m. foal. I bromach
BRONDÎS p.f. breast. I bruinne
BROZDOS m. goad, spike. I brod
BRUGNON n (?) sorrow. I brón W brwyn
BRUKTUS m. belch. OI brucht I brúcht G *bruktus Fr bruit Occ. bruch/bruit (noise)
BRUSNÂT injures, damages, spoils. OI brondaid cf DÎ BRUSNÂT
BRUSÎT id. OI bru- G *brusî- OFr bruisier (bruise)
BRUSOS brittle, fragile. W brau
BRÛSUS wounded, bruised. W briw
BRUSÛ g. BRUSNOS f. belly, lap. I brú W bron B bronn
BRUTUS m. heat, boiling. I bruth W brwd B broud cf BERWET
BRUTUS m. weight. OI bruth
BRUWES p. eyebrows, edge. OI brú G *bruvâ Occ. bròa (edge)
BRUWÂKON n (?) edge. OI bruäch I bruach SG bruthach
BUDÂ BUDIÂ f. desire. I buidhe (thanks) W bodd C both
BUDAROS deaf. I bodhar W byddar B bouzar C bothar
BUDLINION n. wound,blow. I buille cf BEUDLIT
BUNDET announces. OI ·boind cf AD BUNDET, UKS BUNDET
sub. BEUTST OI ·bó ·bois
fut. BIBUTST OI ·opus
perf. BUBOUDE OI ·bobuid

32. vn. -BOUDON n. BUSSUS m.
BUSSUGNÂTOS m. man's name. G f Bussugnatae
BUSSUMÂROS m. man's name. G Bussumarus (Boii)
BUNDOS m. ground, sole of foot. I bonn
BÛSTIS f. tree trunk. G *bústis Occ. bust
BUTÂ f. hut, dwelling. I both G *butâ Dauphinois boyé Aostan buata
BUTÂT frightens. cf AD BUTÂT, WO BUTÂT
DABUKÂ f. vat, tub. I dabhach
DAGOS good. OI dag- I deagh- W,B,C da G dago-
DAGODUBNOS m. man's name. G Dagodubnus
DAGODURNOS m. man's hame. G Dagodurnus
DAGODÊWOS m. the shaman god. I Daghdha
DAGOMÂROS m. man's name. G Dagomarus
DAGORÎGS m. man's name. OBr Daari G Dagorigi
DAGOWOSTOS m. man's name. G Dagovassus
DAKRU n. tear. OI dér I deor W deigr MB dazrou B daerou C dager
DÂLON n. share. OI dál (share, tribe)
DÂLÎT vn DÂLIS f. divides,disperses. OI ·dáli I dáil
cf KON DÂLÎT, TO DÂLÎT, WO DÂLÎT
DAM- house,home. OI d. daim (Celtica 1.332ff) cf AREDAMON, KONDEMÂ
DÂMÂ f. company, suite, following. I dámh
DÂMOS m. son in law. W daw p. dofion B deuñv C def
DAMATON n. tame animal (Brit. sheep). W dafad B dañvad C davas
DAMET leaves, grants, lets. OI ·daim cf AD DAMET, WO DAMET
sub. DAMÂT OI ·dama
fut. DIDAMÂST (?) OI ·didma
perf. DÂMER OI ·dámair
pp. DÄNTOS OI ·dét
vn. DÄNTIÛ f. OI déitiu -DAMON n.
DÄNTLIOS bold. OI détlae
DAMNÂT tames. I damhnadh
DAMNION n. material. I damhna W defnydd B danvez cf WIRODAMNOS
DAMOS m. stag. I damh G *damos Fr daim Occ. dam
DAMONÂ f. hind goddess. G deo Apollini Borvoni et Damonae
DAMUS piled up.
DAMUKÂ f. sandbank. I dumhach
DANÂT comforts. OI ·donaimm donad danad cf DÎ DANÂT
DAMGINOS firm. I daingean W dengyn
DÄNT n. tooth. I déad W,B dant C dans
DÂNÛ f. great river. (cf Sk, Avestan dânu-)
DÂNUWION n. Danube. G Danuvium (Horace)
DARIT copulates (cattle). OI dairid
aor. DART OI ·dart
vn. DÂRIS f. I dáir
DARTIS f. heiffer. I dairt
DARNON n (?) fragment. W darn
DARUS m. oak tree. OI daur dair W dâr OC dar
DARUKKÛS g. DARUKKUWOS (< DARU-KNÛS) f. acorn. OI derucc g. dercon
(remodelled)
I dearcán
DARUWIDU n. oak wood. OI deruth daurauth

33. cf DERWON, DRU-, DRUNOS
DASSIS f. heap, rick. OI dais W das G *dassis Fr. tas
DATLON n. assembly, lawsuit, meeting. I dál W dadl B dael
DATU n. colour. I dath
DAUNON n. praise poem. I duan
DAWET ignites. OI dóïd vn dóüd I dódh SG dothadh cf ATE DAWET, KON DAWET
DE truncated form of IDE which see. Also see under SO DE, YOM DE
DEDET gives, puts. OI ·rat (perfect RODED>RODDE) G dede L tetu (EC 12.45O)
cf Ê DET, KONDOS, KREDDET, MENDET, NI DET, RO DET
DEDMÄN n. law. W deddf
DEGÛ f. drink. OI deog I deoch
DEGUÂTS f. id. W diod B died OC diot
DEGUIS m. flame. Og Dego(s) OI daig g. dego MW de (fiery) cf DOGUIT
DEKÄN ten. I deich W deg B,C dek
DEKAMETOS tenth. I deachmhadh W deggfed B dekvet C degves G decametos CI
tekametinas
DEKÄN QE plus ten, -teen. OI deec I déag
cf TRÎS KARBÄNTÎ DEKÄNQE thirteen chariots
Goidelic TRÎS KARBENTÎ DEENQE
Old Irish trí carbait deec
Irish trí carbaid déag
DEKÄNTO- p.m tribal name. OBr Decantorum Δεκανται (Ptolemy) MW Dygant
DEKÄNTOWION n. place name. OBr arx Decantorum W Degannwy
DEKNIS f. will, pleasure. I deoin
DEKOS n. the best. OI dech cF EQODEKS, LUGUDEKS
DÊKSÂ f. corn ear. I déas
DEKSI to the right/south. I deas
DEKSI MOI to my right. OI dessum
DEKSISWELON n. clockwise. I deiseal cf SWELOS, TEUTISWELON
DEKSIWOS, right-hand.
DEKSIWÂ f. the right hand,south. OI desse MW deheu C dyghow B dehou G Dexsiva
(goddess of oaths)
DELGET vn -DELGON n. holds. OI coindelg W dal(a) dali- B derc'hel dalc'h- C dalh- G delgu
(EC 13.54)
DELGOS n. thorn. I dealg W dal(a) (sting)
DELIS dear. I dil W dêl (smart, pretty) cf KONDELIS
DELÛ f. figure. I dealbh W delw cf DLÛTOS, DOLWÎT, DUDELWIS
DELWONIÎ p.m. tribal name. I Dealbhna
DEMETO- p.m. tribal name. OBr Δημηται (Ptolemy) W Dyfed OE Deomadas
DENSIS f. vassalry, tenantry. OI déis
DERGOS dark-coloured. I dearg (red)
Here? OI dergnat I dearnait dreancaide (flea) W dera (she-devil, giddiness)
DERKET sees. I dearcadh cf AD DERKET, ÄNKONDERKIS, DRIKSKET, WRITKONDERKIS
perf. DEDORKE OI ·condairc (KONDEDORKE)
DERKON n. eye, eyesocket, hole, cave. I dearc
cf W derch (exalted)
DERNONOS m. palm of hand. I dearna g. dearnann (remodelled)
DERWÊTÂ f. ringworm, shingles. W tarw(y)den MB dervoeden B deroueden G *dervetâ LLat
derbita cf I deir id.
DERWON n. oak. W derw B derv G *Dervon (place name) Lat Dervo Fr Der
DERWERION n. oak grove. I dairbhre
DERWOS sure, firm. I dearbh

34. DERWONÂ f. oak goddess. G Fatis Dervonibus, Matronis Dervonnis
DES yesterday. I indé W doe B dec'h OC doy
DESNU n. high place. I dionn (cf Lat. fânum Oscan fêsnâ-)
DEUKSLON n. due form, proper characteristics. I dual W dull
DEUSÄNT n-. upper arm. OI doe g. doat
DÊWOS m. god. I dia W duw B doue G devo-
DÊWÂ f. goddess. OI g. dee. As river name: Og Οβοκα (Ptolemy read *Δηουα) OI Inber
Dee OBr *Déva Δηουα (Ptolemy) W Dyfrdwy CI *Dévá Castilian Deba
DÊWIOS divine. G diíiuion (EC 15.178)
DÊWOBRIGS f. place name. CI *Dévobrigá Δεοβριγα (Ptolemy)
DÊWODURON n. place name. G *Dévoduron Divoduri (Tacitus) Δουοδοuρον (Ptolemy)
DÊWOGDONIO- gods and men. L teuoxtonio-
DÊWOGNÂTOS m. man's name. G f Devognatae
DÊWONÂ f. river name. OBr Δηουανα (Ptolemy) Devoni (Rav.) G Dîvona (Ausonius)
Δουεονα (Ptolemy)
DÊWOTARWOS m. man's name. G *Dêvotarvos Δηιοταρος
DÎ from (preposition, preverb); negative prefix. I de dí- W,B di- C dy-
with personal pronouns
DÎ MOI OI dím DÎ SNÎS OI dínn
DÎ TOI OI dít DÎ SWÎS OI díb
DÎ YÛ(?) OI de DÎ YOBIS OI diïb
DÎ YAI OI dí
DÎADKORIS insurmountable. I deacair W diechyr cf ADKOROS
DÎ AGET drives off. OI di·eblad
DÎÂKIS slow, lazy. W diog B diek C dyec cf ÂKUS
DÎAKRIS ignoble. OI diuir (trifling, petty) cf AKROS
DÎ ÄNKET vn DÎÄNKON n. escapes. W dianc
DÎATEBERIS irreproachable. I deithbhir (fitting, proper) cf ATEBERON
DÎ BÂDIT vn DÎBÂDETUS m. destroys, extinguishes. OI do·bádi dibdud
DI BÂSET vn DÎBÂSETON n. becomes extinct, dies out. OI do·beba I díobhadh
Here? W difa (destroy)
DÎ BEZGÎT vn DÎBEZGÎTUS m. throws. OI du·bidcet ·dibairg díbirciud
DÎ BINAT vn DÎBIYON n. cuts off, destroys. OI timdiben timdibe
DÎ BRUSNÂT wounds. OI do·bria vn diburndud
DIDÂT melts, wastes away. OI ·deda cf KONDÂTIS
DÎ DANÂT vn DÎDANATUS m. comforts, entertains. OI do·donaimm dídnad W diddanu OB
didanuud C dythane
DÎ ELLÂT vn DÎELON n. turns aside. OI do·ella I diall
DÎ GABIT vn DÎGABAGLÂ f. takes away. OI do·gaibther I díoghbháil
DÎGANDIS not scarce. I díoghainn cf GANDOS
DIGÂTS m. black beetle. I deagha g. deaghadh
DÎGALÂ f. vengeance. I díoghal W,B dial C dyal
DIGENOS strong,compact. OI digen cf DINGET
DÎ GLENDET vn DÎGLÄNSMÄN n. gleans. OI do·glinn I díoghlaim
DÎ GNIYET vn DÎGNÎMUs m. does, makes. OI do·gní I déanamh
DÎ GODIT vn DÎGEDIÂ f. begs pardon, deprecates. OI do·guid I díghdhe
DÎGOUSOS n. the worst choice. OI dígu I díogha cf GEUSET
DÎGOWIS not false. W diau cf GOWÂ
DÎ KANET vn DÎKANTLON n. sings spells. OI di·cain I dícheadal
DÎ KELET vn DÎKLITÂ f. hides. OI du·celtar dichleth
DÎKORON n. difference. OI dechor
DÎKOSQIS uncontrollable. OI díchoisc cf KON SEQET

35. DÎ LEGÂT vn DÎLEKTUS m. destroys. OI do·lega MW dileith W diIe-
DÎ LINAT vn DÎLÎTIS f. follows. MW dilit W dilyn-
DÎ LOGIT vn DÎLOGETUS m. forgives. OI do·luigim I díolghadh
DÎ MINAT vn DÎMIYON n. ?
TO DÎMINAT vn TODÎMIYON n. makes fast, sets up( pillar) OI ·tuidmen tuidme
DÎMOINIS without possessions. I díomhoin (useless, idle)
DÎ NIGIT vn DÎNIGON n. washes clean. OI di·nig I díneach
DINASTUS m. space of a day. OI denus
DINGET kneads, shapes, forces into shape. OI ·dengar
sub. DÊKST OI ·diassatar
fut. DIDIKST OI ·didsiter
perf. DEDOIGE OI dedaig
pp. DIKTOS OI fortechtai
vn. DINGIÂ f. OI dinge -DOIGON n.
cf DIGENOS, ENDIGNIS, KLADODOIGON, KONDIKSIÛ, UKS DINGET, WER DINGET
DINUT sucks. OI denait W dynu B denañ C dene
perf. DEDE OI dith rel. dide
vn. ? I deol
DÎNUNTS m. lamb. OI dínu SG díonag
DÎ RÂYET vn DÎRÂMUS m. goes away, comes down. OI di.ra do·rera díram
DÎRÊDSMÄN n. cavalcade, great troop. I dírim cf RÊDET
DÎREGUS straight. OI díriug I díreach cf REGET
DÎ RETET serves. OI do·rimthirid vn timdirecht
DI RIGET vn DÎRÊGON n. uncovers ,unties. OI du· rig dírech
DÎ RINAT vn DÎRIYON pays (fine), recompenses. OI do·ren I díre W dirwy
DÎROMÄNTON n. forgetting. I dearmhad cf RO MONITRO
DÎROMÂRIS huge. OI derma(i)r W dirfawr cf MÂROS
DÎ SAGIT vn DÎSAGITIS f. seeks, asks for. OI con·dieig cuindgid
DISAR (?) n. earth. W daear B douar C dor
DÎ SEDET: EKS DÎSEDET sits. W eistedd
DÎSEDIS seatless, idle. OI déeid; abstract OI déess
DÎSLIKTIS orphaned. OI dílechtae I díleacht cf SLIKTUS
DÎ STLONDÎT vn DÎSTLONDÎTUS m. denies. OI do·sluindi díltud I diúltadh
DÎ TONGET vn DÎTEGON n. denies by oath. OI do·thung dithech
DÎ TUDET vn DÎTEUTSMÄN n. lapses, becomes forfeit. OI · díthat díthaim
DÎ WEDET vn DÎWEDONÂ f. leads away. OI ·diat I tuidhidhean
DÎWEDON n. end. OI diäd W diwedd
DÎWERMENTIS without jealousy. AOI Diormit I Diarmaid cf WERMENTUS
DÎ WIKEK vn DÎGALÂ f. avenges. OI do·fich
DÎWOLOUTIS without property, gratuitous. I deolaidh cf WOLOUTON
DÎWORÂTIS unable to stand as guarantor. I deoraidh (stranger, outsider) cf AREWORÂTOS
DÎWOZDIS without length. I diúid (simple) cf WOZDOS
DÎ YEMET vn DÎYÄNTIÛ f. protect. OI do·eim dítiu I dídean
DIYÎUS m. day.
S. N. DIYÎUS AOI diu I indiu W heddiw MB hiziu B hiriv
A. DIYÎN OI dië de
G. DIWOS AOI die dee OI dia
D. DIWI
P. N. DIYEWES W diau
DLIGET has a right to. OI ·dlig I dligh- MW dly- B dle-
sub. DLÊKST OI ·dlé
pp. DLIKTOS OI ·dlecht

36. DLIKTUS m. due, prerogative. OI dliucht
DLIGETON n. entitlement. I dligheadh (law) W dyled (debt)
DLUNGET splits. OI ·dloing cf EN DLUNGET
fut. DIDLUKST OI ·dedlai
perf. DEDLOUGE OI ·dedlaig
pp. DLUKTOS OI dlochtae
vn. DLUGIÂ f. I dluighe -DLOUGON n.
DLUKTON n. bunch, wisp. I dlocht
DLÛTOS compact, dense. I dlúth (abstract: dlús) G*dlútos Fr. dru
cf DOLWÎT, DELÛ
DOGUIT burns. W deifio B deviñ cf DEGUIS
DOKLOS m. plait, tassel. I dual
DOLION n. leaf. W dail B deil cf QENQEDOLÂ
DOLINION n. small leaf. I duille
DOLOS m. valley. W dôl
DOLUS m. going. I dul
DOLWÎT shapes, bewitches. I dolbh- doilbhthe
DOLWÂ f. fiction, lie. OI dolb
DOLWOS m. sorcery, shaping. I dolbh cf DELÛ, DLÛTOS
DOMOS tame. W dof B doñv
DONIOS m. man, person. I duine W dyn B,C den cf DÛ DONOS, DÊWOGDONIO-
DONIORGENÂ f. murder. W dyniorn
Note: Proto-Goedelic apparently had a by-form DOINOS cf OI doín (human being)
DOINOS,
I daoine (people) DOINIÎ, I daonda (human) DOINODIOS.
DORBÂ f. small water worm. OI dorb duirb
DORDOS m. noise, hum. I dord W dwrdd
DRABON n. refuse, dung. OI drab cf OI drabarsluag (plebs)
DRAGENOS m. thorn. I draighean W draen C dren B draen
DRAGENÂKOS m. hedgehog. W draenog I gráinneog (< W)
DRÄKSMÄN n. bundle, sheaf. I dream (group) B dramm (cf Gk. dragma)
DRENGET climbs. OI dringid W dringo (cf Russian drjagátj)
perf. DEDRONGE OI deblaing drebraing
pp. DRÄNKTOS I dréacht (poem, extract)
vn. DRÄNKSMÄN n. I dréim
DRIBNOS furious, frantic. AOI drebene OI dremun
DRIKSKET sees. cf DERKET, EKS DRIKSKET
DRIKS f. face. I dreach W drych
DRIKSMÂ f. face. B dremm
DRISTIS f. briars. I dris W drysi B drez OC dreis
DRISTIKKÛ g. DRISTIKKONOS m. satirist, lesser bard of third degree. OI drissiuc p.a.
driscona (< *DRISTIKNÛ "briar-singer"?)
DRITOS sparing. W dryd
DRIWOS m. wren. W dryw I dreolán
DRIWONOS m. wren. OI dreen SG dreathan
DRU- great, strong. cf DARUS, DERWOS, DRUNOS
DRUKANTOS m. bridge. OI drochat I droichead cf KANTOS
DRUNEMETON n. great sanctuary. G Drunemeton (Strabo)
DRUWIDS m. druid, magician. OI druí g. druad I draoi G p. δρυιδες
cf WINDETRO
DRUKOS bad. I droch- W drwg B drouk
DRUKTUS m. dew. OI drucht I drúcht

37. DRUNGOS m. troop. I drong OB drog(n) G *drungus LLat drungus
DRUNOS firm. I dron cf DARUS, DERWON
DRÛTOS lustful. I druth (abstract: drús) G *drûtos Occ. drut
DRUSLION n. fragment, piece. W dryll MB druill G drullia
DU/DÛ to. I do OW di MW y W i B da C dhe
with personal pronouns:
DU MOI OI dom dam DU SNÎS OI dún(n)
DU TOI OI duit DU SWÎS OI dúib
DU YÛ OI dáu dóu dó DU YOBIS OI doïb
DU YAI OI dí
DÛ g. DONOS f. place, earth. OI du g. don W Dôn (earth goddess)
DONONÂ f. earth godaess. I Donann
DU- badly. I do- W dy- cf SU-
DUADKORIS ill-surmountable. OI doccair cf ADKOROS
DUADWERIS ill-equipped. I daidhbhir (poor) cf ADWERON
DUBAGNOS m. man's name. Og Dovagni I Dubhán OBr Dobagni cf DUBUS
DUBNOS deep. OI domun I domhain W dwfn B doun C down cf RODUBNÂ
DUBNOS m. world. I domhan cf ANDUBNOS
DUBNÂKOS m. man's name. G Dubnacus Dumnacus (Hirtius)
DUBNOGARTOS m. man's name. OI Domangart
DUBNOGENOS m. man's name. Og Domngen Domnginn OI Domaingen OBr
Dumnogeni W Dyfnien
DUBNOKOWÎROS m. man's name. G Dumnocoveros Dubnocove(ros)
DUBNONES p.m. tribal name. OI Domnainn g. Domnonn OBr Dumnonii W Dyfneint
DUBNORÎGS m. man's name. G Dumnorigi Dubnoreix (Caesar)
DUBNOTALUS m. man's name. G Dubnotali Dumnotali
DUBNOWALOS m. man's name. I Domhnall W Dyfnwal
DUBNOWELLAUNOS m. man's name. G Dumnobellau(nus) Dubno(ella)unos
DUBROS dark. I dobhar
DUBROS m. water. I dobhar W dwfr C dour B dour
DUBRÂ f. river name. OBr Dubris (Dover) G Dubra (Rav) German Tauber
DUBROKÛ m. otter. I dobharchú W dyfrgi B dourgi
DUBROSENTUS m. valley. W dyffryn
DUBUS black. I dubh W,B du G Dubis (river Doubs, Caesar)
DUBUNÂ f. the Black Goddess. Og mucoi Dovvinias OI Corco Duibne I Corca Dhuibhne
DUBUTÂKOS ns. man's name. I Dubhthach
DUBUWIDU n. black wood. I Dubhadh (place name)
DUDELWIS ill-shaped. OI dodeilb cf DELÛ
DUERQIS wretched. I duairc cf ERQOS
DUKOSQIS ill-controlable. I dochoisc cf KON SEQET
DUKOROS m. hurt, harm. I dochar cf KOROS
DUKTÎR f. daughter. OI der/dar - G duxtir
DÛLIS f. element. I dúil
DÛNON n. fort. I dun W dinas G -dûnon cf DURON, DÛROS, DWOOS
DÛNOGALÂ f. man's name. OI Dúngal
DÛNOGUSTUS m. man's name. OI Duúngus
DÛNOKATUS m. man's name. I Dúnchadh OBr Dunocati W Dingad
DÛNOLENGÂ f. man's name. OI Dúnlang
DÛNOMÂROS m. man's name. G Dunomarus
DÛNOSEDON n. camp, hosting. I dúnadh
DUQRITIS ugly, ill-shaped. I dochraidh W dybryd cf QRITUS
DURNOS m. fist. I dorn W dwrn B dorn cf AREDURNON, ÄMBIDURNOS

38. DURNÂKOS m. man's name. G Durnacus
DURNOMAGOS n. place name. G Durnomago (IA) German Dormagen
DURON n. fort. G -duron cf DÛNON, DÛROS, DWOOS
DUROBRÎWÂ f. fort bridge (place name). OBr Durobrivas Durobrivis (IA)
DUROKASSÎS p.m. tribal name. G Durocassis (TP) Fr Dreux
DUROTRIGES p.m. tribal name. OBr Δουροτριγες (Ptolemy)
DÛROS firm, sure. I dúr W dir cf DÛNON, DURON, DWOOS, KONDÛRATUS
DUSÎNONÂ f. bad weather. I doineann cf SÎNÂ
DUSNOS brown. I donn W dwn
DUSNOGALÂ f. man's name. I Donnghal
DUSNOGUSTUS m. man's name. I Donnghus
DUSNOKATUS m. man's name. I Donnchadh
DÛSSIOS m. incubus. G *dûssios LLat dusius
Here? Basque tusuri (devil). cf DWÂSSETRO
DUSTOS m. shrub. I dos
DUTONKETON n. ill luck. OI dodcad cf TONKETON
DÛTUKÎ f. native place, place of origin. I dúthaig cf KINÂDÛTUKÎ
DUWIROS low-born. I daor cf WIROS
DWÂU two.
M.NA. DWÂU OI dáu dá I dó dá W dau B daou C dow
F.NA. DWAI OI di W dwy B diou C dyw
Ne.NA. ? OI da
G. ? OI da
D. ? OI dib
DWÂU DEKÄN, DWÂU ... DEKÄNQE twelve OI dá .. déag W deuddeg B daouzek
C dewthek
DWÊ- double. OI dé-
DWÊBLOS double. OI diabul
DWÊKALEDONIOS of the two Caledonias. OBr Δουηκαληδονιος (Ptolemy)
DWÊRÊDÂ f. two-wheeled chariot. OI dériad
DWÊYEMESTOS having two handles. I deimheas (shears) cf YEMOS
DWÊSESSÂ f. two persons. I dias g. deise SG dithis
(cf Hamp Eriu 33.178-9 *DWISAD-TÂ > dias *DWISADIO- > déide)
DWÂSSETRO is mad. OI dásthir I vn dásacht cf DÛSSIOS (cf OE dwáes OHG twás, fool)
DWEETS f. smell, smoke. I dé g. diadh
DWEETÂKOS smoky. I deathach (smoke)
DWÊNOS fast, sudden. I dian
DWÎTUS m. end, death. I díth
DWOOS m. rampart. OI doe duae dua cf DÛNON, DURON, DÛROS, KNUWODWOOS
Ê backwards (preverb) cf Ê DET, Ê TONGET
EBUROS m. (1) yew (2) cow parsnip. (1) I iobhar G *eburos Briançonnais evur (2)
SG (f)iubhrán W efwr B evor G *eburos ιουμβαροuμ (Dioscorides)
EBURÂKON n. place name. OBr Εβoρακoν (Ptolemy) W Caerefrog
EBUROBRIGS f. place name. G Eburobriga (TP) Fr Avrolles
EBURODÛNON n. place name. G Ebureduno (TP) Fr Yverdon
EBUROMAGOS n. place name. G Eburomagi (TP) Occ. Bram
EBURONES p.m. tribal name. G Eburones Caesar)
EBURONOS m. shaman god. OI Ebron (glé fo Erc n-Ebron) cf IWOGABLOS
EBUROWIKES p.m. tribal name. G Eburovices (Caesar) Fr Evreux
ED- foot. p.n. ÂDES G αδες (Hesychius) cf ENIEDON, ÎSSU
EDIS m. fetter. OI id

39. EDON n. space, intervaI. OI ed I feadh (ZCP 31.22ff)
EDSKÛTO- shoe ("foot leather"). W esgid OC eskit
ED introductory particle occupying second place in the main clause of a sentence. Fully
attested in
Old Irish, remains in Welsh, attested in Gaulish. G buet-id (EC 15.184) .
Attestation in Irish:
(1) when there is no preverb:
·KARAST ED OI carais (he loved)
·TÂYET ED MOI OI táithium (it is to me, I have it)
(2) when there is a preverb:
·RO ED ·KARAST OI ro.car (he has loved)
·TO ED ·BERET OI do·beir (he brings)
·NÎ ED ·TOBERET OI ní.tabair (he does not bring) :
(3) when there is both preverb and object pronoun
·RO ED ME ·KARAST OI rom.char (he has loved me)
·RO ED SIYÄN ·KARAST OI ros.carthe (he has loved her)
After a preverb ending in a consonant and before a pronoun object beginning in a vowel the
elision
ED>D apparently took place in proto-Goidelic:
·WER ED EM ·KANET > ·WERDEM ·KANET OI fort.cain (teaches him)
·KON ED E ·ÄNKET > ·KONDE ·ÄNKET OI cond.icc (he can do it)
·EKS ED E ·BERET > ·EKSDE ·BERET OI at.beir (he says it)
This elided form then spread by analogy to other structures with the same preverbs:
·WER ED ME ·KANET > ·WERDEDME ·KANET OI fordom.chain (teaches me)
·WER ED SÛS ·KANET > ·WERDESÛS ·KANET OI forda.cain (teaches them)
After a preverb ending in a vowel and before the pronoun objects EM and E (cf SO) ED was
apparently dropped in proto-Goidelic:
·RO ED EM ·KARAST > ·RO EM KARAST OI ra.car (has loved him)
·RO ED E ·KARAST > ·RO E ·KARAST OI ra.char (has loved it)
ED- to eat. pres.s3 ESS W ys (scratches)
sub. ESSETRO OI eser estir
fut. IESST OI ·íss I íos-
perf. EODE OI ·uaid s2 dood I duaidh
pp. ESSOS OI ·does eisib
Irish shows present forms based on *ETET OI ithid I ithe
Ê DET shuts. I iadh- cf DEDET
EDÛS g. EDUNOS f. birth pangs. OI idu g. idan
ÊGET vn ÊGETUS m. bellows, shouts, groans. OI éigid I éigheamh iacht (groan, sigh)
cf WO ÊGET
EKS out of (preposition, preverb) I a W e(ch)-
with personal pronouns:
EKS TOI OI essiut
EKS YÛ(?) AOI es I as EKS YOBIS OI essib
EKS YAI OI essi
EKSÂKIS blunted, ripe. B eok ef ÂKUS
EKS BÂDIT, DÎ EKSBÂDIT extinguishes. W diffodd C dufyth
EKS BALLET strikes out.
EKS ED E BAILET "strikes it out", dies. OI at·baill ·epil vn epeltu
EKS BERET vn EKSBERTÂ f. says. OI as·beir ·epir epert I abairt cf BARNAT
EKS BERET vn EKSBRITIS f. DÎ EKSBERET vn DÎEKSBRITIS f. defends. W diffryd C dyffres
EKS BINAT vn EKSBIYON n. cuts wood. OI du·epenar I eibe
EKSBIYÄNTÎ pruning hook. OI eipit

40. EKS BRENDET vn EKSBRÄNSSIÛ f. gushes out. OI do·eprinn OI tepresiu g. teipersen
EKSBRÊTRON n. a tearing apart. W ffrwydro (explode) cf BRÊTRON
EKSBRÎWÄNT n. well, source. I tiobra g. tiobrad cf BERWET
EKS DRIKSKET looks at. W edrych
EKS ETET flies out. W ehedeg ehed-
EKSGALIS fearful. I eagail cf GALÂ
EKS GEUSET vn EKSGUSTIÛ f. wishes. OI ad·go aicsu
EKS GLENDET vn EKSGLÄNSSMÄN n. examines. OI as·glinn I eaglaim
EKS GNINUT vn EKSGNOYON n. finds out, gets to understand. OI asa·gninain I eagna
(wisdom, knowledge)
EKS IBET drinks up. aor. EKS IBEST OI ·essib
EKSKARANTS m. enemy. W esgar cf KARANTS
EKS KELET vn EKSKLITIS f. avoids. OI ·reccell (leg. ·reccelt) he avoided
WO EKSKELET vn WOEKSKLITIS f. avoids, is wary of. MW gochel- gochlyt
EKSKENGOS m. man's name ("out-stepper"? cf KENGET) G Escingos f. Εσκεγγαι
EKSKENGOMAGOS n. place name. G Εξσκιγγομαγον (Strabo)
EKSKENGOMÂROS m. man's name. G Excingomarus
EKSKENGORÎGS m. man's name. G Esciggorix
EKSKENGOWLATIS m. man's name. G Escengolatis
EKS KRINET vn EKSKRIYON n. withers up.
WO EKSKRINET vn W(O)EKSKRIYON n. fails. OI fo·feiscren feiscre
EKS LUWET EKSLUWETUS m. escapes, goes away. OI as·lui élud I éalódh
EKS MEDITRO refuses, fails, is wary of. OI emid I féimheadh
WO EKSMEDITRO refuses, denies, omits. OI fo(r)·émid W gomedd
EKSNERTIS weak. I éinirt cf NERTON
EKSOBNIS fearles. OI essamain G Exobni Exsomnus cf OBNÂ
EKSONGIS wide. MW ehang W eang B enk cf WEREKSONGIS
EES ORGET vn EKSORGENÂ f. strikes. OI as·oirc essarcon I easargain
EKS REGET vn EKSREGIÂ EKSREGNIS f. rises. OI at·roig (with infixed pronoun *EKS D E
REGET) I éirghe MW dwyre- dwyrein W dwyrain (east, sunrise)
ARE EKSREGET rises, exalts. MW arwyre-
KON EKSREGET rises. OI con·erig I coméirghe
EKS RIGET vn EKSRÊGON n. unbinds.
DÎ EKSRIGET vn DÎEKSRÊGON n. strips. OI do·erged I déarach
EKS RINAT vn EKSRIYON n. repays, expends. OI as·ren. I éaraic éiric (remodelled)
EKS SEKET cuts off. OI do·esc I teascadh W twysgo B teskañ (glean, gather)
EKS SEMET vn EKSSÄNTIÛ f. pours out. OI do·esaim teistiu
EKSSTORIS f. litter, straw. I easair cf STRINÂT
EKS TONGET vn EKSTEGON n. refuses. OI as·toing I eiteach
sub. EKS TEKST OI s2 ·ettis
EKTAMOS outermost. W eithaf cf EKS
EKTEROS outside, exterior. I eachtar
EKTRI but, except, outside of. I acht W eithr
ELANÎ ELÄNTÎ r. doe. I eilid W elain cf LOMBINÂ
ELÄMBIÛ f. deerslaying (??). G Elembiu (name of a month)
ELLÂ f. herd. OI ell
ELGOS n. west, sunset. OI Elg (Irelana) (cf Iranian arzah n. the west)
ELGORÎGION n. a tribal name. OI Elgraige
ELLÂT goes. OI ·ella cf AD ELLÂT, DÎ ELLÂT, SEQOMÎ ELLÂT
sub. ELÂT OI ro·lá ·rala MW el C ello B yelo
fut. IBLÂST OI eblaid
vn. -ELON n.

41. ELOSOS m. swan. OI p.a. elu I eala (cf Lat. olor)
Here? W alarch B alarc'h id.
ELOWIDÛ f. knowing how to do. I ealadha g. ealadhan (art) cf LÂYET
ELUKOS m. paean. OI ilach ulach W elwch (< OI)
ELUS much, many. OI il I iol- cf LÂNOS
LÎYÛS ne. LÎIS more. I lia W lliaws B lies (much)
cf OI lir (as many as)
EMBI reflexive preverb. W ym- (Eriu 28.145f)
EMBI BERET vn EMBIBERTÂ f..plies, practises, plays. OI imb·beir I imirt
EMBI KORITRO vn EMBIKOROS m. brings, carries. OI imme·churetar I iomchar
EMBÎTS f. passage. OI imbath (narrow sea) cf BÎTS
ÊMIS prompt, timely. I éimh (cf ON fimr)
EN in, into (preposition, preverb). I i W yn G in
ENÂKON n. marsh. I eanach cf ONO-
ENDIGNIS f. anvil. OI indeoin I inneoin cf DINGET
EN DLUNGET vn ENDLOUGON n. splits. OI in·dlung as·dloing I ionnlach
EN GABIT vn ENGABAGLÂ f. reproaches. OI in·gaib ingabál
DÎ ENGABIT vn DÎENGABAGLÂ f. wards off, repels. OI ·dingaib I diongbháil
EN GNINUT vn ENGNOYON n. knows. OI ·enggnatar engne
EN GRENDET vn ENGRÄNSSMÄN n. persecutes. OI ad·greinn ingreimm
ENI inside (preposition, preverb). CI eni
ENIALTÎ f. maidservant ("reared in the house"). I ionailt cf ALET
ENIBOUDIOS m. man's name. G Eniboudius
ENIBUTÂ f. right/due time. I ionbhaidh cf BIYET
ENIEDON n. place. OI ined I ionad inead cf EDON
ENIGENÂ f. girl. Og inigena I inghean cf GANITRO
ENIGENOS m. man's name. G Enigenus Enignus
ENIQÂ ne.p. face. OI enech d. inchaib OW enep W wyneb B,OC eneb (Eriu 25.261f)
For W wyneb cf ERQOS.
ENIQOKLUTS f. honour ("face fame"). OI eneclann eneclainn (< *eneclú g. eneclann)
ENIQENNI n. brain. I inchinn cf ENQENNION, QENNON
ENI SWETET vn ENISWETON n. blows into, inspires. OI do.infet I tinfeadh
ENISTÎ f. island. I inis W ynys B enez cf ENSTÎ, RIKISTÎ
ENISESKOLANDÂ f. clearing in the sedges, place name. I Ineasclann, Droim Ineasclainne
ENITEQON n. journey, path. OI intech cf TEQET
ENITOGON n. sheath, scabbard. AOI intech cf TOGIT
ENIWÊTROS m. bowels. OI inathar (< *ENUWÊTROS) cf WINAT
EN KORITRO vn ENKOROS m. arranges. OI in·cuirither I eagar
ENKOSQON n. aspect. I éagosc cf ROSQOS
ENKTUS m. slaying. OI écht cf ÄNKEWES
EN LUNGET vn ENLOUGON n. puts in, furnishes with livestock. OI in·loing I eallach
(livestock)
ENQENNION n. brains. W ymennydd B empenn C ympynnyin cf ENIQENNI QENNON
EN QISET vn ENQISTIÛ f. sees. OI do·écai ·déci déicsiu
EN QRINAT buys up. OI in·cren
ENSEDON n. war chariot. G essedum cf SEDET
EN SEKET cuts into/off. I éisceadh
ENSKIYON n. moon ("the shadowy one"). OI éisce ésca I éasca cf SKÂTUS
EN SNADET vn ENSNADÂ f. inserts, grafts. OI in·snadat esnid
ENSTÎ f. track. I éis cif ENISTÎ, RIKISTÎ
EN TAUSET hears. OI in·tuaisi vn éitsecht I éisteacht
EN TÂYET obtains. OI ad·cota ·éta vn éit I féad-

42. EN TÊGET goes in.
KON ENTÊGET vn KOMENTIKTÂ f. accompanies. OI con·éitgim comitecht I cuideachta
ENTET kindles. cf ÄNDE ENTET
ENTERIÂ f. suretyship. OI aitire I oidire
ENTOGON n. clothing. I éadach cf TOGIT
ENTRI between I eidir OW ithre B e(n)tre C yntre
with personal pronouns:
ENTRI ME OI etrum ENTRI SNÎS OI etrunn I eadrainn
ENTRI TE OI etrut ENTRI SWÎS OI etruib I eadraibh
ENTRI EM OI etir itir I idir ENTRI SÛS OI etarru I eatarra
EN WEDET, TO EN WEDET marries. W dyweddio C domethy B dimezin
EN WÊDET tells.
EN KOWIDE he told. OI ad·cuaid in·cuaid ·éicdid
EN KOWÊSSÛ I tell (subj.) OI at·chous ·écius
EN WERET vn ENWERON n. grazes. I inbhear
EQOS m. horse. I each G epo-
EQÂLOS m. colt. W,OC ebol B ebeul
EQODEKS m. man's name. AOI Echuid OI Eochaid g. Echdach cf DEKOS
EQODIO- p.m. tribal name. OI Eichde, Aird Echdaei (Eriu 2.32) OBr Επιδιοι (Ptolemy)
EQONÂ f. horse goddess. G deae Eponae
EQORÊDÂ f. cavalry. AOI echredd I eachradh cf RÊDET
EQORÊDIÂ f. place nnme. G Επορηδια (Strabo) Piemontese Ivrea
EQORÊDIS running like a horse. W ebrwydd (swift)
EQORÊDORÎGS m. man's name. G Eporedorix (EC 13.125)
EQORÎGS m. man's name. OI Echrí
EQOSAGITRO steals horses. W epa
EQOSMERTÂ f. rut in horses. I eachmairt cf SMERTÂ
EQOSÎLON n. offspring. W epil
EQOSUGNÂTOS m. man's name. G Εποσογναtος (Polybius)
EQOTEGERNOS m. man's name. OI Echthigern
EQOWIKS m. man's name. OI Eochu g. Echach
EQIGNOS m. man's name. Og Eqqegni OI Echén
ERAMOS slow. W araf
ÊRAN ÊRAM- behind, after, to the west of. I iar (TO ÊRAN OI tiar I thiar, west, behind)
with personal pronouns:
ÊRAM YÛ OI iarum ÊRAM YOBIS OI iarmaib
as preverb:
ÊRAMÎ ED WOSAGIT OI iarmi·foig (asks)
ÊRAMÎ SO WOSAGIT OI iarma·foich (who asks)
ÊRAMWOSAGITIS f. OI iarfaigid I fiafraighidh (asking)
ÊRAMAWIOS m. great-grandson. OI iarmua
ÊRAMBALLOS m. rear-member, tail. OI erball I earball
ÊRANTIGION n. result, offspring. OI iardaige iartaige cf TIGU-
ERBÂ f. cow. OI erb
ERGET goes. imp. ERGE I eirg (go!)
ERI- around.
ERIITUS m. edge,circumference. OI iriud I feireadh cf ITOS
ERIRETS m. chariot fighter ("runner round") OI eirr g. erred p.d. errethaib cf RETET
From early Irish sources it is clear that the war chariot (KARBÄNTOS) was manned by
two men, the charioteer (AREWEDS) and the warrior (ERIRETS). On arrival at the place
of combat the warrior left the chariot and fought on the ground ("ran around" the chariot).
ERISAMOS furthest. OI irem

43. ERISTÂ f. belief. OI iress I iris cf AMERISTÂ
ERIYÛS n. ERIYOS further. OI iriu ire
ERKOS speckled, m. trout. OI erc W erch
ERKUNÎ f. Harz mountains. G *Erkunî Lat Hercynia (Caesar)
ERIROSTOS m. moory foreland. AOI eirros I iorras cf ROSTOS
ERNAT grants,gives. OI ernes
sub. ERÂT OI ·áera (read ·era)
fut. IBRÂST OI ebarth-i ebarthir
perf. ÎRE OI ·ír
pp. RATOS OI ·rath
vn. RATON n. I rath W rhad cf RÂTÂ, RATON
ÊROS m. grandchild, descendent. W wyr cf Ê
ÊROTEROS behind, western I iarthar (the west) cf Ê
ERQOS n. heaven, sky. Og Eracias Erca Erccias OI erc W wybr B ebr (cf Sk arká- ray)
OI Elcmar (judge of the gods, sky god; for *Erc Már)
For W wybr cf ENIQÂ
ERQAGNOS m. man's name. Og,OBr Ercagni (< Og)
ERQOLENGÂ f. man's name. AOI Ercleng OBr Ercilingi (< Og)
ERQOWIKS m. man's name Og Ercaviccas
ERROS m. tail, arse. I earr
ERUROS m. eagle. I iolar W eryr MB erer B,C er
ERUTI last year. OI innuraid I anuraidh cf WETSÎ
ESAR n. blood. W gwyar (< *wyar)
ÊSKOS m. fish. I iasc cf ISKÄNT
ESOKS m. salmon. OI eo é g. iach W eog B eok OC ehoc G *esoks LLat. esox
ESOLOS m. path, direction. OI éol (direction, district) I eol eolas (knowledge) W heol B heul
ESOLOSAGS m. path seeker, guide. OI éola (expert)
EST is.
pres.ind. s1 ESMI OI am W wyf MB ouff B oun C of
s2 ESI OI at W wyt MB out C os (all from *ESI + TÛ)
s3 EST W yw B eo C yu +ED I is W ys +SO OI as
ESMOS +ED OI ammi
SENT +ED OI it W ynt OW hint B int C yns +IYOI OI ata
imperf.ind. s3 ESÂT W oedd B oa C o
ÊSTLÂ f. leash, thong, flock of birds. I iall
ESUS good. cf SU-
ESUGENOS m. man's name. W Owain G Esugeni
ETET vn. -ETON n. flies. OI ·etha W ehed-
cf AD ETET, ATE ETET, EKS ETET, TO ETET, WO ETET
ETÄNTÎ f. flying creature. OI ethait I feithide (insect)
ETAR n. bird. W adar
ETANÎ f. wing. W adain OB attanoc (winged)
ETNOS m. bird. I éan W edn B evn ein MB ezn C ethen
ETNÎT treads (cock). OI iunaid
cf W adaf (wing) I eite (wing, fin) OI eithre (tail)
ETI (QE) and. G etic eððic
Ê TONGET vn ÊTEGON n. perjures himself. I éitheach
ÊTU n. grazing land. I iath
EUGÂ f. interment. I uagh (grave)
EUGSLÂ f. mourning. OI uall
EUKTUS m. cold. OI uacht I fuacht cf UGROS
EUTUS m. fear, horror. I uath

44. EWELÂ f. cheek, mouth. OI oal g. óile
GABIT takes. OI ·gaib I gabh- W gaf-
sub. GABÂT OI ·gaba
aor. GABEST -OI gabais ·gab
ppp. GABETOS OI ·gabad
vn. GABAGLÂ i. OI gabál I gabháil W gafael C gavel
G *gabaglâ Fr javelle Occ gavèla (swathe of corn)
GABALÎ f. tongs. W gefail
cf AD GABIT, DÎ GABIT, EN GABIT, EKS GABIT, KON GABIT, UKS GABIT, WO GABIT
GÂBÎTUS m. trouble. I gábhadh W gofid
GABLOS m. fork, gallows. I gabhal W gafl B gaol G *gablos LLat gabulus
GABROS m. goat. I gabhar W gafr B gavr C gaver
GABROMAGOS n. place name. G Gabromago (IA)
GABRORÎGIO- tribal name. OI Gabrige
GABROSENTUS m. goats' path, place name. OBr Gabrosenti (ND)
GAGAROS m. hound ("barker"). OI gagar I gadhar cf GARIT
GAISOS m. spear. OI gáe I ga G gaiso- LLat gaesum
GAISATIS m. spearman. G Gaisatai
GAISOSKÊTON n. armour and weapons. I gaisceadh
GAISSÄNTÎ f. coarse bristly hair. I gaoisid (cf Gk χαιτη, mane; Av. gaisa- tress)
GAITOS wise. I gaoth (abstract: gaos)
GALÂ steam, courage. I gal cf EKSGALIS
GALATOS m. Gaul, Galatian. G Galatos Gk Galatai Lat Galatae
GALOGÄNTÂ f. act of violence. OI galgat cf GONIT
GALARON n. sicknes. W galar B glac'har
GALIOS m. stomach, digestion. OI gaile I goile
GALLOS m. stone. I gall gallán G * gallos OFr gal Fr galet
GAMINOS m. skin, hide. OI gaimen cf TOGAMINOS
GÄNDET fits into. OI ro·geinn W genni gann- s3 gain
GANDOS scarce. I gann cf DÎGANDIS
GANSIS f. goose. OI géis (swan)
GÄNSET vn GÄNSMÄN n. roars. OI géis- I géim
GANITRO is born. OI ·gainethar
sub. GENÂTRO OI ·genar
fut. GIGENÂSETRO OI ·gignethar
perf. GEGNER OI ·génair
cf W geni gan- B genel
cf ÄNDOGANON, ATEGANON, ADGENETON, ENIGENÂ, GENÄN, GENETÂ,
GENETÂKOS, GNÂTOS
GARANOS m. crane. W,B,OC garan G -garanus
GARGOS rough. I garg G *gargos Basque garratz
GARIT calls. OI ·gair I goir-
sub. GARÂT OI ·gara
fut. GIGRÂSET OI ·géra
aor. GART OI ·gart
pp. GRITOS OI ·rograd
vn. GARSMÄN n. I gairm W,B garm GÂRIS f. I gáir W gawr
GARION n. W gair B ger (word)
cf AD GARIT, ÄNDE GARIT, ÄMBI GARIT, ARE GARIT, GAGAROS, KON GARIT, UKS
GARIT, WRIT GARIT
GARRÂ f. shank. W,B garr G *garrá Occ.Cat. garra (hough, fetlock joint)

45. GARUS short. I gair
GARWOS rough. I garbh W garw B garv G *garvos LLat garba (sort of hardened earth)
GASTON n. stalk. I gas
GAZDOS m. withy. I gad
GAZDÂT vn GAZDÂ f. (1) steals OI·gata gat I goid (2) pierces. OI tris·gata ·trecatim
GELDUSOS m. lad. OI gilla gilldae g. gilli I giolla (cf OE cild p. cildru)
GELET grazes. OI gelid
aor. GELT OI ·gelt
pp. GLITOS OI nephglidi
vn. GLITÂ I gleith GELTÂ I geilt f.
GELTON n. grazing, grass. W gwellt B geot C gwels
GELTOBUTÂ f. grazing. OI geltboth
GELLOS m. jaw. I giall (proto-Goidelic *GÊLLOS)
GELOS bright. I geal
Here? W,B gell (yellow)
GELUS m. leech. I giol W gêl B gelaouenn
GEMELON n. fetter. I geimheal
Here? W gefyn I géibheann (< W) id.
GENÂ f. smile. OI gen W gwen
GENÄN n. birth, offsring. OI gein cf GANITRO
GENETÂ f. daughter. G geneta cf GANITRO
Hypocoristic GENETTÂ W geneth (Eriu 24.16O)
GENETÂKOS m. name. Og avvi Genittac(i) OI Gentech I Uí Gheintigh
GENÄNTÎ f. spectral woman associated with battle ("slayer") OI genit cf GONIT
GENUS m. mouth. I gion W gên genau B genou C ganow G Genava f.
GENUSNOWÂ f. shaving. OI g. giunnae, giunnach cf SNOWÂ
GERBÂ f. scab. I gearb
GERET heats (intr.) OI ·geir cf GORIT, WO GERET
sub. GERÂT OI · gera
aor. GERT OI ·gert
GERETS f. tallow, suet. I geir g. geireadh W gwêr
GERROS short. I gearr
GERTÂ p.n. dairy products. OI gert (cf Sk gh«tá-)
GÊSTLOS m. hostage. I giall W gwystl B gouestl (promise) OC guistel G -geistlos
cf GISTLÂT
GÊTLOKATUS m. man's name. OI Giallchad
GÊSTLONIÂ f. hostageship. OI giallnae
GEUSET chooses. OI ·goa (remodelled)
sub. GEUSST OI ·go (and ·gú ·guis- remodelled)
fut. GIGUSST OI ·gega (remodelled)
perf. GEGOUSE OI ·roígu
pp. GUSTOS OI tuigsib
vn. -GOUSON n. -GUSTIÛ f.
cf EKS GEUSET, TO GEUSET, UKS GEUSET, DÎGOUSON
GEUSTÂ f. danger. OI guas cf GUSTUS
GEUSTAKTÂ f. danger, man's name. Og Gosocteas Gossucttias Gosoctas I guasacht
GIGROS (< *TIGROS) sharp. I géar cf TIGU-
GIGURROS m. barnacle goose. CI Gigurri (Pliny) Asturian Jurres
GIGURRONOS m. id. OI giugrann
GÎS g. GIYOS f. nerve, sinew. W giau cf ROGIYOS
GISTLON n. pledge, promise. I geall
GISTLÂT promises, pledges. I geall-

46. cf GÊSTLOS, UKS GISTLÂT, WER GISTLÂT
GIYAMOS m. winter. OI gam (remodelled on SAMOS q.v.) W gaeaf B goañv OC goyf
GIYAMON- a winter month. G Giamon-
GIYAMORÂTON n. winter season. I geimhreadh MW gaeafrawd
GIMRON n. winter corn. I geamhar (early crop)
GIYAMNIS m. yearling calf. I gamhain
GLÂDETRO speaks. OI ·gládathar
sub. GLÂDÂTRO OI ·arladur
aor. GLÂDESSETRO OI ·raglastar
pp. GLÂSSOS OI acailsi
vn. -GLÂDEMÂ cf AD GLÂDETRO
GLÄMBUKOS m. lobster. I gliomach SG giomach W cimwch (< OI)
GLÄNDOS n. valley, riverside. I gleann W glan B glann W glyn (valley < I)
GLANOS clean, pure. I,W,B glan
GLANÎ f. jewel, crystal. OI glain I gloine (glass) W glain(jewel)
GLASTOS green. greeny-blue. I,W glas
GLASTON n. woad. G glastum (Pliny)
GLASTINÂ f. (1) woad (2) bilberry. (1) I glaisean (2) G *glassinâ Veronese giásine
Friulian glázinis
GLENDET picks out, examines. OI·glinn ·gleinn G *glende- Fr glaner (glean)
sub. GLENSST OI ·gléis
fut. GIGLÄNSST OI ·derglastar
perf. GEGLONDE OI ·roeglaind
pp. GLÄNSSOS OI ecailse fogailse
vn. -GLÄNSSMÄN n.
GLENSSUS m. instrument, rig. I gléas
cf DÎ GLENDET, EKS GLENDET, WO GLENDET
GLÊSTIOS pretty. OI gléise (shining) W glwys
GLEUSTUS m. movement. I gluais- vn gluasacht (moves) cf RENTUGLUSÛ
GLÊWOS clear, bright. I glé W gloyw
GLÊWON n. place name. OBr Glevi OW Cair Gloiu
GLINAT sticks to. OI ·glen W glynu MB englenaff
sub. GLIYÂT OI · glie
fut. GIGLIYÂST OI giulait
perf. GEGLE OI · gíuil
GLIWOTS m. battle. I gleo g. gliadh
Here? W glew (brave)
GLIYÂ f. green lawn. W gledd
GLOITON n. glue, birdlime. I glaodh (for *glaoth) W,B glud
GLÛNON n. knee, generation. I glún W,B glin
GNÂTOS known, usual. I gnáth (abstract: gnás) W gnawd (abstract: gnaws) G gnato-
cf GNINUT, AREGNÂTIS
GNÂTOS m. GNÂTÂ f. son, daughter. G gnatus gnatha cf GANITRO
GNÂWOS obvious, known. OI gnó (shapely) MB gnou cf AREGNÂWOS, GNINUT
GNÂWIÂ f. comeliness. OI gnoe I gnaoi
GNIYET does. OI ·gní gniid cf ARE GNIYET, DÎ GNIYET, KON GNIYET, WO GNIYET
sub. GNIYÂT OI ·gné
fut. GIGNÂST OI ·géna
perf. GEGNOYE OI ·géni
pp. GNÎTOS OI ·gníth
vn. GNÎMUS m. I gníomh MW gnif -GNÎTUS m.
GNIYENTS m. servant. OI gnia p. gniitt