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““Cavalheiros, isto não éumafraude”Cavalheiros, isto não éumafraude”
J.C. WARREN, 16-10-1846J.C. WARREN, 16-10-1846
““InventoredivulgadordainalaçãoanestésicaInventoredivulgadordainalaçãoanestésica
PorquemadornacirurgiafoiafastadaeanuladaPorquemadornacirurgiafoiafastadaeanulada
Antes dequemacirurgiaerasempreagoniaAntes dequemacirurgiaerasempreagonia
ApartirdequemaCiênciatemcontroledador.”ApartirdequemaCiênciatemcontroledador.”
NascimentodopríncipeNascimentodopríncipe
LeopoldoLeopoldo
AdministrouclorofórmioàAdministrouclorofórmioà
RainhaVitóriaRainhaVitória
EscreveutratadosobreoEscreveutratadosobreo
clorofórmioeoutrosclorofórmioeoutros
anestésicosanestésicos
Foiconsideradoo1ºFoiconsideradoo1º
anestesiologistaanestesiologista
Antena para detectar
pensamentos dos cirurgiões
Olho Clínico
Nível de Anestesia
e Relaxamento
Muscular
Monitor Cardíaco
e de Pressão
Estômago com
pequena capacidade
Dedos de apalpar
pulso
Mão re-
guladora
de Botões
Mão para pre-
encher ficha
deanestesia
Mão de apertar
balão
Ressuscitador automático
Patins para movimentos
rápidos
Estimulador de Emergência
Grande Capacidade
Vesical(10 Litros)
Regulador de equi-
pamento de anestesia
Intubador
Automático
Mão p/
segurar
máscara
Regu-
lador
de mesa
cirúrgica
Regulador de
Infusão
Coração resistente
ao stress
Ombros Largos
360 Graus de Rotação
Sorriso Permanente
Olho controlador do
campo cirúrgico
Ouvido Atento
Olho Controlador de
Gases Anestésicos
Perda Sangüínea e
contagem de
compressas
Analisador de ar
ambiente
O
ANESTESIO
LO
GISTA
O
ANESTESIO
LO
GISTA
IDEAL
IDEAL
Depto. de Anestesiologia - UNESP - BotucatuDepto. de Anestesiologia - UNESP - Botucatu
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
< 12 anos 13-64 anos > 65 anos Totalidade
INCIDÊNCIA DE COMPLICAÇÕE GRAVES
SEGUNDO A FAIXA ETÁRIA
INCIDÊNCIA DE COMPLICAÇÕE GRAVES
SEGUNDO A FAIXA ETÁRIA
NºdePCpor10.000
anestesias
Braz e col., 1999
0
30
60
90
Masculino Feminino Totalidade
INCIDÊNCIA DE COMPLICAÇÕE GRAVES
SEGUNDO O SEXO
INCIDÊNCIA DE COMPLICAÇÕE GRAVES
SEGUNDO O SEXO
NºdePCpor10.000
anestesias
Braz e col., 1999
ASA
I
II
III
IV
V
Total de
anestesias
32.942
16.240
7.253
1.720
398
PC
6
19
55
57
47
Incidência PC
por 10.000
anestesias
1,8
11,7
75,8
331
1181
INCIDÊNCIA DE COMPLICAÇÕES GRAVES SEGUNDOINCIDÊNCIA DE COMPLICAÇÕES GRAVES SEGUNDO
O ESTADO FÍSICO (ASA)O ESTADO FÍSICO (ASA)
Braz e col., 1999
Braz e col., 1999
hipoventilação & hipoxemia
colapso cardiocirculatório
associado a bloqueio raquídeo
42%
14%
ocorrênciacausas
CAUSAS DE PARADA CARDÍACA
anestesia como fator desencadeante
CAUSAS DE PARADA CARDÍACA
anestesia como fator desencadeante
Braz e col., 1999
aspiração de vômito durante indução de anestesia
hipóxia por dificuldade de intubação
colapso cardiocirculatório após bloqueio raquídeo
IAM após bloqueio peridural
hipóxia por convulsão durante anestesia sacral
hipoventilação durante anestesia geral
hipoventilação durante sedação em b. raquídeo
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
ocorrência (n)
0
5
10
15
Stephen,1961
Pierce,1966
M
inuck,1976
Pottecher,1984
Keenan,1985
O
lsson,1988
Ruiz
N
eto,1986W
u,1997Braz,1999
Kaw
ashim
a,2001
Biboulet,2001
NºdePCpor10.000
anestesias
PARADAS CARDÍACAS DEVIDAS À ANESTESIAPARADAS CARDÍACAS DEVIDAS À ANESTESIA
NºdePCpor10.000
anestesias
PARADAS CARDÍACAS DEVIDAS À ANESTESIA:PARADAS CARDÍACAS DEVIDAS À ANESTESIA:
INCIDÊNCIA ANUALINCIDÊNCIA ANUAL
0
5
10
15
20
25
Olsson & Hallén, 1988
67 84
anos
sexo masculino
idade avançada
cirurgia de urgência
condições clínicas ruins
Fatores de Risco
Braz et al. Parada cardíaca durante anestesia em hospital
universitário de atendimento terciário (1988 a 1996). Rev Bras
Anestesiol, 1999; 49: 257-262.
Letalidade(%)
LETALIDADE DA PARADA CARDÍACA
SEGUNDO O FATOR CAUSAL
LETALIDADE DA PARADA CARDÍACA
SEGUNDO O FATOR CAUSAL
0
20
40
60
80
Anestesia Cirurgia Condição
clínica
Braz, 1999
Ruiz Neto, 1986
0
5
10
15
20
Condição
clínica
Cirurgia Anestesia
INCIDÊNCIA DE ÓBITO SEGUNDO O FATOR CAUSALINCIDÊNCIA DE ÓBITO SEGUNDO O FATOR CAUSALNºdeóbitospor10.000
anestesias
Braz e col., 1999
%deocorrência
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DAS PARADAS CARDÍACASDISTRIBUIÇÃO DAS PARADAS CARDÍACAS
SEGUNDO O TIPO DE ANESTESIASEGUNDO O TIPO DE ANESTESIA
10
0
20
40
60
80
100
Geral Bloqueio
raquídeo
outros
Braz, 1999
Ruiz Neto, 1986
INCIDÊNCIA DE ÓBITO SEGUNDO O FATOR CAUSALINCIDÊNCIA DE ÓBITO SEGUNDO O FATOR CAUSAL
Nºdeóbitospor10.000Nºdeóbitospor10.000
anestesiasanestesias
Tikkanen & Hovi-Viander, 1995
1,98
0,15
0
5
10
15
20
Total Condição
clínica
Cirurgia Anestesia
1975
1986
0
5
10
15
20
Pré-eclampsia Hemorragia Complicações
pulmonares
Embolismo Anestesia
MORTALIDADE MATERNA SEGUNDO O FATOR CAUSALMORTALIDADE MATERNA SEGUNDO O FATOR CAUSAL%deóbitosem822.591
partos
Panchal, Arria, Labshsetwar, 2001
0
5
10
Wu, 1997
(92-95)
Cicarelli,
1998 (95)
Braz, 1999
(88-96)
Wu, 1997
(96)
Biboulet,
2001 (94-
00)
Kawashima,
2001 (99)
Nºdeóbitospor100.000
anestesias
INCIDÊNCIA DE ÓBITO DEVIDO À ANESTESIAINCIDÊNCIA DE ÓBITO DEVIDO À ANESTESIA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
S
tephen,1961
P
ierce,1966
M
inuck,1976
H
ovi-V
iander,1980
P
ottecher,1984
K
eenan,1985
O
lsson,1988
R
uiz
N
eto,1986W
u,1997B
raz,1999
K
aw
ashim
a,2001
Mortalidade Geral Anestesia como fator causal
MORTALIDADE APÓS PARADA CARDÍACAMORTALIDADE APÓS PARADA CARDÍACA
Mortalidade(%)
monitorização
crescimento do nº de especialistas
qualificação profissional
técnicas e drogas mais seguras
Redução da Incidência
PARADA CARDÍACA NA SALA DE OPERAÇÃOPARADA CARDÍACA NA SALA DE OPERAÇÃO
Evolução da segurança anestésica ao longo do tempo

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Evolução da segurança anestésica ao longo do tempo