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Potênciade Dez
A potênciade dezé um recursomatemáticoque permite representarquantidadesmuitograndes
ou muitopequenaspormeiodamultiplicaçãodoalgarismosignificativopelabase dezelevadaaum
expoente positivoounegativo.Naeletrônica utilizam-se normalmente expoentesmúltiplosde três.
Exemplos
a) 1000 = 1x10+3
b) 0,001 = 1x10-3
c) 10.000 = 10x10+3
d) 0,01 = 10x10-3
e) 4580 = 4,58x10+3
f) 0,000041 = 41x10-6
Adiçãoe subtração com potênciasde dez
Só podemossomarousubtrairnúmerosque tenhama mesma potênciade dez.Devemosigualaras
potênciasde dezdosnúmerosantesde fazera soma ousubtração de seusalgarismossignificativos.
Exemplos:
a) 58x10-6
+ 2x10-3
= 0,058x10-3
+ 2x10-3
= (0,058+2)x10-3
= 2,058x10-3
b) 2,5X10+3
– 950 = 2,5X10+3
– 0,950X10+3
= (2,5 – 0,95)X10+3
= 1,55X10+3
Para mudar a potenciade dezbasta deslocaravírgula para esquerdaoudireitaconforme a
necessidade.
Cada vezque movermosavírgula para esquerdasomamos uma potenciade dez
Exemplo:
a) 100x10+3
= 10,0x10+4
b) 100x10+3
= 1,00x10+5
c) 100x10+3
= 0,1x10+6
Cada Vezque movermosavírgulaa direitadiminuímos umdapotênciade 10
Exemplo:
a) 0,001 x 10+3
= 0,01x10+2
b) 0,001x10+3
= 0,1x10+1
c) 0,001x10+3
= 1x100
= 1
Multiplicaçãoe Divisãocompotênciade Dez
Multiplicaroudividiro algarismosignificativodosoperandoe somarousubtrairos expoentesdas
potênciasde dez,conforme aoperaçãodesejada.
Exemplos:
a) 3,2x10+3
x 2,0x10+3
= 3,2x2 x10(+3+3)
= 6,4x10+6
b)
6×10+6
2×10+3
=
6
2
× 10(+6−3) = 3x10+3
Potenciaçãoe Radiciaçãocom potência de dez
Na potenciação,aplicarapotênciaao algarismosignificativoe multiplicaroexpoente dabase dez
pelapotência. Naradiciação,extrairaraiz do algarismosignificativoe dividiroexpoente dabase pelo
índice da raiz.
Exemplos:
a) (-3x10-3
)3
= (-3)3
x 10(-3)x3
= -27x10-9
b) √4 × 106
2
= √4
2
x 10
6
2 = 2 x 10+3
PrefixosMétricos
Os prefixosmétricossãosímbolosque substituemdeterminadaspotênciasde dez,simplificandoa
representaçãode quantidadesmuitograndesoumuitopequenas.Na eletricidadee eletrônica.Osprefixos
métricossãoutilizados,pararepresentarpotênciasde dezcomexpoente múltiplode três.
Tabela de prefixos métricos
Submúltiplos Múltiplos
Prefixo Símbolo Valor Prefixo Símbolo Valor
atto a 10-18
quilo k 10+3
femto f 10-15
mega M 10+6
pico p 10-12
giga G 10+9
nano n 10-9
tera T 10+12
micro μ 10-6
peta P 10+15
mili m 10-3
exa E 10+18
Exemplos:
a) 0,001A = 1x10-3
A = 1mA
b) 10.000V = 10x10+3
V = 10kV

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Potência de Dez.docx

  • 1. Potênciade Dez A potênciade dezé um recursomatemáticoque permite representarquantidadesmuitograndes ou muitopequenaspormeiodamultiplicaçãodoalgarismosignificativopelabase dezelevadaaum expoente positivoounegativo.Naeletrônica utilizam-se normalmente expoentesmúltiplosde três. Exemplos a) 1000 = 1x10+3 b) 0,001 = 1x10-3 c) 10.000 = 10x10+3 d) 0,01 = 10x10-3 e) 4580 = 4,58x10+3 f) 0,000041 = 41x10-6 Adiçãoe subtração com potênciasde dez Só podemossomarousubtrairnúmerosque tenhama mesma potênciade dez.Devemosigualaras potênciasde dezdosnúmerosantesde fazera soma ousubtração de seusalgarismossignificativos. Exemplos: a) 58x10-6 + 2x10-3 = 0,058x10-3 + 2x10-3 = (0,058+2)x10-3 = 2,058x10-3 b) 2,5X10+3 – 950 = 2,5X10+3 – 0,950X10+3 = (2,5 – 0,95)X10+3 = 1,55X10+3 Para mudar a potenciade dezbasta deslocaravírgula para esquerdaoudireitaconforme a necessidade. Cada vezque movermosavírgula para esquerdasomamos uma potenciade dez Exemplo: a) 100x10+3 = 10,0x10+4 b) 100x10+3 = 1,00x10+5 c) 100x10+3 = 0,1x10+6 Cada Vezque movermosavírgulaa direitadiminuímos umdapotênciade 10 Exemplo: a) 0,001 x 10+3 = 0,01x10+2 b) 0,001x10+3 = 0,1x10+1 c) 0,001x10+3 = 1x100 = 1 Multiplicaçãoe Divisãocompotênciade Dez Multiplicaroudividiro algarismosignificativodosoperandoe somarousubtrairos expoentesdas potênciasde dez,conforme aoperaçãodesejada. Exemplos:
  • 2. a) 3,2x10+3 x 2,0x10+3 = 3,2x2 x10(+3+3) = 6,4x10+6 b) 6×10+6 2×10+3 = 6 2 × 10(+6−3) = 3x10+3 Potenciaçãoe Radiciaçãocom potência de dez Na potenciação,aplicarapotênciaao algarismosignificativoe multiplicaroexpoente dabase dez pelapotência. Naradiciação,extrairaraiz do algarismosignificativoe dividiroexpoente dabase pelo índice da raiz. Exemplos: a) (-3x10-3 )3 = (-3)3 x 10(-3)x3 = -27x10-9 b) √4 × 106 2 = √4 2 x 10 6 2 = 2 x 10+3 PrefixosMétricos Os prefixosmétricossãosímbolosque substituemdeterminadaspotênciasde dez,simplificandoa representaçãode quantidadesmuitograndesoumuitopequenas.Na eletricidadee eletrônica.Osprefixos métricossãoutilizados,pararepresentarpotênciasde dezcomexpoente múltiplode três. Tabela de prefixos métricos Submúltiplos Múltiplos Prefixo Símbolo Valor Prefixo Símbolo Valor atto a 10-18 quilo k 10+3 femto f 10-15 mega M 10+6 pico p 10-12 giga G 10+9 nano n 10-9 tera T 10+12 micro μ 10-6 peta P 10+15 mili m 10-3 exa E 10+18 Exemplos: a) 0,001A = 1x10-3 A = 1mA b) 10.000V = 10x10+3 V = 10kV