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Taxonomia:
classificação dos
seres vivos
AUTORIA:
Augusto Adolfo Borba
EDIÇÃO DE CONTEÚDO:
Luciane Lazarini
EDIÇÃO:
Miriam Raquel Moro Conforto
CRÉDITOS DAS IMAGENS DE ABERTURA:
©Shutterstock/Sebastian Kaulitzki
PROJETO GRÁFICO:
O2 Design Gráfico, Claudia Bordin Rodrigues,
Daniel Miranda
©Shutterstock/subin-ch
Categorias taxonômicas:
grupos de classificação
©Shutterstock/subin-ch
Categorias taxonômicas
Angela
Giseli/Corel.
2008.
Vetor.
Regras de nomenclatura:
nomes científicos
©Shutterstock/subin-ch
Principais regras de nomenclatura
• Nomes em latim
• Nomenclatura binominal
• Categorias taxonômicas
©Shutterstock/subin-ch
Categorias taxonômicas
Panthera onca (onça-pintada)
Gênero + epíteto específico
ESPÉCIE
©Shutterstock/subin-ch
Filogenia: parentesco
evolutivo
©Shutterstock/subin-ch
História evolutiva de uma espécie ou de um grupo de
espécies.
• características moleculares e morfológicas
• permite compreender de maneira mais clara as
relações evolutivas estabelecidas entre diferentes
espécies
ÁRVORE FILOGENÉTICA
Na árvore filogenética acima, é possível observar dicotomias e uma politomia.
Filogenia
Divo.
2011.
Digital.
Qual o conceito biológico de espécie?
• Mesmo patrimônio genético
• Cruzamentos naturais
• Descendentes férteis
©Shutterstock/subin-ch
Reinos dos seres vivos:
classificação da
biodiversidade
©Shutterstock/subin-ch
Classificação dos seres vivos em
5 reinos (Robert Whittaker)
Reino Características Exemplos
Monera
Unicelulares, autótrofos ou
heterótrofos e células
procarióticas.
Bactérias e cianobactérias.
Inclui também micoplasmas,
rickéttsias e clamídias.
Protoctista
Unicelulares ou
multicelulares, autótrofos
ou heterótrofos e células
eucarióticas.
Algas (autótrofos) e
protozoários
(heterótrofos).
Fungi
Unicelulares ou
multicelulares,
heterótrofos (por absorção)
e células eucarióticas.
Cogumelos, bolores, leveduras,
orelhas-de-pau.
Plantae
Pluricelulares, autótrofos
e células eucarióticas.
Musgos, avencas,
samambaias, cedros,
macieiras, feijoeiros.
Animalia
Pluricelulares, heterótrofos
(por ingestão) e células
eucarióticas.
Animais invertebrados
e animais vertebrados.
©
Wikimedia
Commons/Janice
Haney
Carr/
CDC
©
Thinkstock/Getty
Images
©
Shutterstock/Jubal
Harshaw
©
Shutterstock/Vaclav
Volrab
©
Shutterstock/Jamikorn
Sooktaramorn
©
Shutterstock/F
our
Oaks
©
Shutterstock/D
oug
Lemke
Relações filogenéticas entre os
três domínios e os cinco reinos
na natureza
Bacteria Archaea
Monera
Protoctista Plantae Fungi Animalia
Eucarya
Ancestral comum

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BIO FILOGENÉTICA CLADOGRAMA CLASSIFICAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA

  • 1.
  • 2. Taxonomia: classificação dos seres vivos AUTORIA: Augusto Adolfo Borba EDIÇÃO DE CONTEÚDO: Luciane Lazarini EDIÇÃO: Miriam Raquel Moro Conforto CRÉDITOS DAS IMAGENS DE ABERTURA: ©Shutterstock/Sebastian Kaulitzki PROJETO GRÁFICO: O2 Design Gráfico, Claudia Bordin Rodrigues, Daniel Miranda ©Shutterstock/subin-ch
  • 3. Categorias taxonômicas: grupos de classificação ©Shutterstock/subin-ch
  • 5. Regras de nomenclatura: nomes científicos ©Shutterstock/subin-ch
  • 6. Principais regras de nomenclatura • Nomes em latim • Nomenclatura binominal • Categorias taxonômicas ©Shutterstock/subin-ch
  • 7. Categorias taxonômicas Panthera onca (onça-pintada) Gênero + epíteto específico ESPÉCIE ©Shutterstock/subin-ch
  • 8. Filogenia: parentesco evolutivo ©Shutterstock/subin-ch História evolutiva de uma espécie ou de um grupo de espécies. • características moleculares e morfológicas • permite compreender de maneira mais clara as relações evolutivas estabelecidas entre diferentes espécies
  • 9. ÁRVORE FILOGENÉTICA Na árvore filogenética acima, é possível observar dicotomias e uma politomia.
  • 11. Qual o conceito biológico de espécie? • Mesmo patrimônio genético • Cruzamentos naturais • Descendentes férteis ©Shutterstock/subin-ch
  • 12. Reinos dos seres vivos: classificação da biodiversidade ©Shutterstock/subin-ch
  • 13. Classificação dos seres vivos em 5 reinos (Robert Whittaker) Reino Características Exemplos Monera Unicelulares, autótrofos ou heterótrofos e células procarióticas. Bactérias e cianobactérias. Inclui também micoplasmas, rickéttsias e clamídias. Protoctista Unicelulares ou multicelulares, autótrofos ou heterótrofos e células eucarióticas. Algas (autótrofos) e protozoários (heterótrofos). Fungi Unicelulares ou multicelulares, heterótrofos (por absorção) e células eucarióticas. Cogumelos, bolores, leveduras, orelhas-de-pau. Plantae Pluricelulares, autótrofos e células eucarióticas. Musgos, avencas, samambaias, cedros, macieiras, feijoeiros. Animalia Pluricelulares, heterótrofos (por ingestão) e células eucarióticas. Animais invertebrados e animais vertebrados. © Wikimedia Commons/Janice Haney Carr/ CDC © Thinkstock/Getty Images © Shutterstock/Jubal Harshaw © Shutterstock/Vaclav Volrab © Shutterstock/Jamikorn Sooktaramorn © Shutterstock/F our Oaks © Shutterstock/D oug Lemke
  • 14. Relações filogenéticas entre os três domínios e os cinco reinos na natureza Bacteria Archaea Monera Protoctista Plantae Fungi Animalia Eucarya Ancestral comum