2. 2
TOPIC
COMMUNITY AWARENESS PROGRAMME
AND LIVING CORNERS – PISCICULTURE
Submitted To, Submitted By,
Reshma Thulasi Deena Mary Francis
Assistant professor in Natural Science Natural Science
FMTC,Mylapore FMTC,Mylapore
Submitted on :3/08/2015
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INDEX
SL NO CONTENT PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION
4-5
2 IMPORTANCE OF PISCICULTURE
6
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF
PISCICULTURE FARMS 6-7
4 PISCICULTURE OR FISH FORMING
7-8
5 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF FISH
AQUACUITURE
8
6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBIEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH AQUACUITURE
8-9
8 AQUARIUM 9
9 Fish-hatching
9-11
10 CONCLUSION
12
11 REFERENCE
13
4. 4
INTRODUCTION
Community awareness is a process of developing a
world population that is aware of and concerned about the total
environment and its associated problems, various diseases,
nutritional problems etc. and which has the knowledge, skills,
attitudes, motivation and commitment to work individually and
collectively towards solution of current problems and the
prevention of new ones.
Pisciculture is defined as the method for culture
and rearing of fish and shell fish. The word pisciculture is derived
from the Latin word ‘piscics’ which means “fish’. Pisciculture is now
carried out in freshwater ponds. Paddy fields, lakes and even in
artificial tanks and reservoirs. The species of fish which can be kept
successfully in captivity throughout their lives from egg to adult is
exceedingly limited in number. Pisciculture providing large scale
employment opportunities, improving rural economy and protein
rich food. India has a vast area of natural and artificial water bodies
as paddy fields, lakes, ponds ,river, swamps, irrigation channels and
reservoirs. Most of these holdings water throughout the year or for
greater part of the year are suitable for fish culture. The advisory
board of the Indian council of agriculture research commenced
sponsoring may culture schemes, for promoting fish culture
methods. Today in many states of India especially West Bengal,
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Tamil Nadu, Orissa and Kerala pisciculture is carried out on
commercial scales.
Pisciculture is a method for culture and rearing of
fish and shell fish. Consequently there are two main types of
pisciculture to be distinguished: 1) The rearing in confinement of
young fishes to an edible stage and 2) The stocking of natural waters
with eggs from captured breeders. Fish farming is the principal form
of agriculture, while other methods may fall under mari culture. Fish
farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures
usually for food. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for
recreational fishing or to supplement a species natural members is
generally referred to as fish hatchery.
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IMPORTANCE OF PISCICULTURE
The main importance in pisciculture are; 1.
Pisciculture has a vital role in augmenting food production as
the world demand for fish products is increasing steadily .
2. It helps to utilize the vast areas like paddy fields can be used
for culturing of fishes.
3. Culture of selected varieties of fish will help in a good yield
of commercial forms.
4. Artificial feed enhances the growth ratio of fishes and
therefore helps in early harvest. Pisiculture generate
employment for many people especially in the rural areas of
developing countries
CHARACTERISTICSOF PISCICULTURE
FARMS
Certain natural amenities are required in selecting
a site for pisciculture. They are:
1. Water is an essential medium for the culture of fish,
2. The depth of the pond has an important bearing on the
quality of water. In shallow ponds, sunlight penetrates up
bottom thus faciliting increased productivity, hence depths
greater than five meters are rare in fish ponds.
3. Temperature is another important physical factor of the
water. As fishes are cold blooded, their activity depends on the
temperature of the environment. All activities in fishes slow
down with fall in temperature: so growth of the fish thus
depends much on the temperature.
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4. The chemical conditions of water such as dissolved gases,
PH, inorganic compounds etc. are also very important in the
productivity of a pond.
. 5. Plants are essential for a fish farm, but is necessary to check
their growth and speeding beyond a limit.
6. Care should be taken against carnivorous fishes and water
beetles in fish farms. 7. Water pollution should be controlled
PISCICULTURE OR FISH FORMING :
There is an increasing demand for fish and fish
protein ,which has resulted in wide spread over fishing in will
fisheries .fish forming offers fish marketers another source however
farming carnivorous fish ,such as salmon, does not always reduce
pressure on will fisheries since carnivorous farmed fish are usually
fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from will forge fish .the global
returns for fish forming recorded by fad in 2008 totalled 33.8
million tones worth about $us 60 billion
Top ten fresh water , brackish water and marine cultured fish
in 2010.
FRESH WATER CULTURE :
Grass carp ,silver carp catla ,common carp, bighead
carp , crucian carp, nile tilapia, pongas catfishes,roho
lobeo,freshwater fishes
MARINE CULTURE (MARICULTURE) :
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Greasy grouper ,flathead grey millet, marine fish, nile
tilapia, cyprinids, barramundi, marble goby ,tilapias, European
seabass, Mozambique tilapia
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF FISH AQUACUITURE :
Expensive : based on local photosynthetical production
least manage
Farming
Intensive : Intensive aquaculture ,in which the fish are fed
with
External food supply
Semi – intensive : In this type the yield from fish culture is less
when
More when compared to extensive culture.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBIEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH AQUACUITURE :
The occurance of oxygen deficient bottoms
Eutrofication
Poisonous aigal blooms
The spread of sickness and parasited
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SOIUTIONS:
Ecosystem – based fisheries management
Reform of the common fisheries policy
AQUARIUM
Aquarium is a small pond arranged in a
room which provides oppurtunities for an unlimited amount of
spontaneous, undirected observation. Pupils develop skill in
observation, interest in plants and animals and also
appreciation. The interdependence of plants and animals,
locomotion, respiration etc. of fishes can be learned from an
aquarium.
Fish-hatching
The more familiar, type of pisciculture is that
known as fish-hatching, with which must be associated the various
methods of artificial propagation. The fertilization of the spawn is
very easily effected. The eggs are collected either by "stripping"
them from the mature adult immediately after capture, or by
keeping the adults alive until they are ready to spawn, and then
stripping them or by keeping them in reservoirs of sea-water and
allowing them to spawn of their own accord. In the two former cases
a little milt is allowed to fall from a male fish into a vessel containing
a small quantity of water - fresh or salt as required - and the eggs
are pressed from the female fish into the same vessel. In fresh-water
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culture the eggs thus fertilized may be at once distributed to the
waters to be stocked, or they may be kept in special receptacles
provided with a suitable stream of water until the fry are hatched,
and then distributed, or again they may be reared in the hatchery for
several months until the fry are active and hardy.
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CONCLUSION
Community awareness programmes are essential
among people for the building up of a better and healthy life.
Awareness on environmental cleanliness is very important for
the eradication of various diseases. Awareness on better
nutrition helps to minimize the mortality rate of children
especially among tribal people. Conservation of natural
resources can be effectively practiced through a better awareness
among the community. Living corners such as vivarium,
terrarium, aquarium etc. helps the pupil to know more about the
factors of an ecosystem, balance of nature, food chain, food web
etc. It helps to develop awareness and concern for environment
among children. It will help them to realize the sanctity of
plants, animals, trees, birds etc. It also helps them to adopt eco-
friendly life style.
s
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REFERENCES
Times of India.indiatimes.com/.piscicultur
www.theodora.com /piscicultture .html.
www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/...210-qll-eng.html
Applied zoology –first degree programme semesters
DR.K.vijayakumaran nair
Checked and corrected by
RESHMA THULASI T L
Assistant professor in natural science
F.M.T.C,KOLLAM
