information systems application & computer security

1. Information Systems Application
& Computer Security
Course:-B.B.A.-II
Subject: Computer Applications in
Management
Unit:-4

2. Cloud Computing
With traditional desktop computing, we run copies of
software programs on our own computer. The
documents we create are stored on our own pc.
 Although documents can be accessed from other
computers on the network, they can’t be accessed by
computers outside the network. This is PC-centric.

3. Cloud Computing
 With cloud computing, the software programs one
use aren’t run from one’s personal computer, but are
rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet.

4. Cloud Computing
 If a computer crashes, the software is still available
for others to use. Same goes for the documents one
create; they’re stored on a collection of servers
accessed via the Internet.
 Anyone with permission can not only access the
documents, but can also edit and collaborate on those
documents in real time.
 Unlike traditional computing, this cloud computing
model isn’t PC-centric, it’s document-centric.

5. What Is Cloud Computing?
 Key to the definition of cloud computing is the “cloud”
itself. Here , the cloud is a large group of interconnected
computers.
 These computers can be personal computers or network
servers; they can be public or private.
 Access is via the Internet. Any authorized user can access
these docs and apps from any computer over any Internet
connection.

6. What Is Cloud Computing?
This cloud of computers extends beyond a
single company or enterprise. The applications
and data served by the cloud are available to
broad group of users, cross-enterprise and
cross-platform.

8. key properties of cloud computing:
Cloud Computing Is User Centric :
Once as a user are connected to the cloud, whatever is
stored there—documents, messages, images,
applications, whatever—becomes authorized to the user
access them. In addition, not only is the data, but one can
also share it with others.

9. Cloud Computing Is Powerful:
 Connecting hundreds or thousands of computers
together in a cloud creates a wealth of computing
power impossible with a single desktop PC.
key properties of cloud computing

10. Cloud Computing Is Accessible:
Because data is stored in the cloud, users can instantly
retrieve more information from multiple repositories. We
are not limited to a single source of data, as we do with a
desktop PC.
 Cloud Computing Is Intelligent:
 With all the various data stored on the computers in a
cloud,data mining and analysis are necessary to access that
information in an intelligent manner.

11. Cloud Computing Is Programmable:
Many of the tasks necessary with cloud computing must
be automated. For example, to protect the integrity of the
data, information stored on a single computer in the cloud
must be replicated on other computers in the cloud. If that
one computer goes offline, the cloud’s programming
automatically redistributes that computer’s data to a new
computer in the cloud.

12. Understanding Cloud Architecture:
Individual users connect to the cloud from their own
personal computers or portable devices, over the Internet.
To these individual users, the cloud is seen as a single
application, device, or document. The hardware in the
cloud (and the operating system that manages the hardware
connections) is invisible.

13. Conclusion
 Thus cloud computing provide a super-computing
power .This cloud of computers extends beyond a
single company or enterprise.
 The applications and data served by the cloud are
available to broad group of users, cross-enterprise and
cross-platform.

14. What is Commerce
 According to Dictionary.com
 Commerce is a division of trade or production
which deals with the exchange of goods and
services from producer to final consumer
 It comprises the trading of something of
economic value such as goods, services,
information, or money between two or more
entities

15. What is E-Commerce
 Commonly known as Electronic Marketing.
 “It consist of buying and selling goods and services
over an electronic systems Such as the internet and
other computer networks.”
 “E-commerce is the purchasing, selling and
exchanging goods and services over computer
networks (internet) through which transaction or
terms of sale are performed

16. Why use e-commerce?
 LOW ENTRY COST
 REDUCES TRANSACTION COSTS
 ACCESS TO THE GLOBAL MARKET
 SECURE MARKET SHARE

17. Brief History of E-Commerce
 1970s: Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
 Used by the banking industry to exchange account
information over secured networks
 Late 1970s and early 1980s: Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) for e-commerce within companies
 Used by businesses to transmit data from one business
to another
 1990s: the World Wide Web on the Internet provides
easy-to-use technology for information publishing and
dissemination
 Cheaper to do business (economies of scale)
 Enable diverse business activities (economies of scope

18. The Process Of E-Commerce
 A consumer uses Web browser to connect to the
home page of a merchant's Web site on the Internet.
 The consumer browses the catalog of products
featured on the site and selects items to purchase. The
selected items are placed in the electronic equivalent
of a shopping cart.
 When the consumer is ready to complete the purchase
of selected items, she provides a bill-to and ship-to
address for purchase and delivery

19. The Process Of E-Commerce
 When the merchant's Web server receives this
information, it computes the total cost of the order--
including tax, shipping, and handling charges--and
then displays the total to the customer.
 The customer can now provide payment information,
such as a credit card number, and then submit the
order.

20. The Process Of E-Commerce
 When the credit card number is validated and
the order is completed at the Commerce Server
site, the merchant's site displays a receipt
confirming the customer's purchase.
 The Commerce Server site then forwards the
order to a Processing Network for payment
processing and fulfillment.

21. Types Of E-commerece
 Business-to-business (B2B)
 B2B stands for Business to Business. It consists of
largest form of Ecommerce. This model defines that
Buyer and seller are two different entities. It is similar
to manufacturer issuing goods to the retailer or
wholesaler.
 E.g.:-Dell deals computers and other associated
accessories online but it is does not make up all those
products. So, in govern to deal those products, first
step is to purchases them from unlike businesses i.e.
the producers of those

22. Business-to-consumer (B2C):
 It is the model taking businesses and consumers
interaction. The basic concept of this model is to sell
the product online to the consumers.
 B2c is the direct trade between the company and
consumers. It provides direct selling through online.
For example: if you want to sell goods and services to
customer so that anybody can purchase any products
directly from supplier’s

23. Business-to-Employee (B2E)
 Business-to-employee (B2E)
 electronic commerce uses an intrabusiness network
which allows companies to provide products and/or
services to their employees. Typically, companies use
B2E networks to automate employee-related
corporate processes.

24. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
 There are many sites offering free classifieds,
auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and
sell thanks to online payment systems like PayPal
where people can send and receive money online with
ease. eBay's auction service is a great example of
where person-to-person transactions take place
everyday since 1995.

25. PROS AND CONS OF E-COMMERCE
 PROS (Advantages)
 No checkout queues
 Reduce prices
 You can shop anywhere in the world
 Easy access 24 hours a day
 Wide selection to cater for all consumers

26. CONS (Disadvantages)
 Unable to examine products personally
 Not everyone is connected to the Internet
 There is the possibility of credit card number theft
 On average only 1/9th of stock is available on the net

27. Future of E-commerce in India
 According to business world estimate near about
Sixty thousand new jobs will be created for the
internet world alone in the next two years
 e-Commerce transactions are expected to cross the
Rs. 3500 crore milestone in 2010-11, a jump of
around 350 percent from the 2008-09 figure of Rs.
1000 crore
 eBay said that consumers were trading goods worth
almost three crore rupees everyday, across the globe.

28. M-Commerce
 M-Commerce Definition
 "Mobile Commerce is the use of information
technologies and communication technologies for the
purpose of mobile integration of different value
chains an business processes, and for the purpose of
management of business relationships.”

29. Life Cycle
 Content provider can build its service using applications
from multiple application developers and also can
aggregate content from other content providers and can
supply the aggregated content to a network operator or
service provider.
 Service providers can also act as content aggregators, but
are unlikely to act as either an application or content
provider due to their focus on the network and service
aspects of m-commerce.
 Wireless carriers can play a very active and important
role in the mobile commerce applications and services
due to the fact that mobile user is going through their
network to perform all mobile commerce transactions.
 Mobile user is likely to prefer a common bill for voice,
data and mobile commerce services.

30. M-Commerce Emerging
Applications
 Mobile Financial Applications (MFA)
 Mobile Advertising (MA)
 Mobile Inventory Management (MIM)
 Product Location and Search (PLS)

31. MFA (Mobile Financial
Applications)
 Mobile financial applications are likely to be one of
the most important components of m-commerce.
 They could involve a variety of applications such as
mobile banking and brokerage service, mobile
money transfer, and mobile payments.

32. MA (Mobile Advertising)
 Mobile advertising is also a very important class of
mobile commerce applications.
 Using demographic information collected by wireless
service providers and information on the current
location of mobile users, much targeted advertising
can be done.

33. MIM (Mobile Inventory Management)
 This class of application involves location tracking of
goods, services and even people.
 The tracking of goods may help service providers in
determining the time of delivery to customer, thus
improving customer service and obtaining a
competitive edge over other business.

34. PLS (Product Location & Search)
 This class of application includes locating an item in
a particular area or location.
 This is concerned with finding an item with certain
specifications and whether it is available in a
specified area or not.

35. M-Commerce Applications
 Mobile Ticketing.
 Content Purchase and Delivery.
 Location based services.
 Information services.
 Mobile Banking.

36. Advantages and Disadvantages
 Providing wider reach.
 Reducing time and order.
• Small screens of most
devices still limit types of
file and data transfer (i.e.
streaming videos, etc.)
• Standards guiding
applications and
technology development
and connection's)
• WAP and SMS limited to
small number of
characters and text.
• Use of graphics limited

37. What is a Firewall?
 “A firewall is hardware, software, or a
combination of both that is used to prevent
unauthorized programs or Internet users from
accessing a private network and/or a single
computer”

38. What is a Firewall?
 The primary job of a firewall is to secure the inside
network from the outside
 All traffic between the network and the internet in
either direction must pass through the firewall.
 The firewall decides if the traffic can be allowed to
flow , or whether it must be stopped from proceeding
further

39. Firewall Rules:
 Allow – traffic that flows automatically because it has
been deemed as “safe” (Ex. Meeting Maker, Eudora,
etc.)
 Block – traffic that is blocked because it has been
deemed dangerous to your computer
 Ask – asks the user whether or not the traffic is
allowed to pass

40. CHARACTERISTICS OF FIREWALL
 All traffic from inside to outside , and vice versa must
pass through the firewall
 Only the traffic authorized as per the local security
policy should be allowed to pass through
 User control
 Behavior control

41. Types of Firewall
 NETWORK LAYER FIREWALLS:
 Network layer firewalls generally make their
decisions based on the source address, destination
address and ports in individual IP packets. A simple
router is the traditional network layer firewall, since it
is not able to make particularly complicated decisions
about what a packet is actually talking to or where it
actually came from.

42. Types of Firewall
 APPLICATION LAYER FIREWALLS :
 Application layer firewalls defined, are hosts running
proxy servers, which permit no traffic directly
between networks, and they perform elaborate
logging and examination of traffic passing through
them

43. Types of Firewall
 PROXY FIREWALLS:
Proxy firewalls offer more security than other
types of firewalls, but this is at the expense of speed
and functionality, as they can limit which
applications your network can support.

44. What is e-government?
 Information or transactions provided on-line by local
governments to citizens using the Internet and Web
sites.
 The complexity of Web sites ranges from those that
merely provide information to others that allow
electronic financial transactions
 Examples: India (Andhraperdesh, Bangalore), Hong
Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Newzeland, Australia,
UK, Germany and many states of USA

45. Definition
Anonymous
In an Electronic Government
• There is no official seal / signature
• There is no paper
• There is no holiday
• There is no division / section
• There is no boundary of cities
• There is no public office

46. Another definition
 E-government consist of four areas of services
 G2C- Government to Citizen
 G2G- Government to Government
 G2B- Government to Business
 G2E- Government to Employee

47. G2C- Government to Citizen
 All gov to citizen information should available online
 News
 All public-department interaction forms
 On-line form submission
 Transactions (payments)
 Revenue collection, payment of utility bills
 On-line complaints
 Track & Trace System: e-citizen can trace all his own
complaints and submitted cases and can get online updated info
(case situation, any objection, rejection or approval)
 Citizen Registration: Birth and marriage reg. ID Card,
Domicile, Driving License, Job matching, Land use application

48. G2G- Government to Government
 Inter-Departmental Interaction
 Reporting, budgeting and planning to administrative,
P&D and financial departments.
 Interaction among multilevel governments
 Local Governments, Provincial Governments and
Federal Government
 Notices, summaries and policies for different
departments
 Inspections, observations and inquires
 Interaction between control offices and field offices

49. G2B- Government to Business e-Procurements
 Tendering
 Expression Of Interest
 Request For Proposal
 Technical Evaluation
 Financial Evaluation
 Contract Awarding or Purchase Order
 NOC & Licenses
 Cinema, petrol pump, etc.
 Trade, Business and Industrial Policies
 Guidelines for different businesses
 Tax e Filing
 Loaning: Application submission, inspection verification
sanctioning using case management system and track and
trace system

50. Primary Goals
 Successful e-government should aim to meet
three :
 Improve the quality, cost, accessibility, and speed of
delivering government information and services.
 Make government more accountable by increasing
the opportunity for citizen participation in the
governance process and bringing citizens closer to
elected officials and public servants.
 Organize the production and distribution of public
information and services in new ways, that is, to
transform government services to meet citizens’
needs in an automated world.

51. Key Benefits of e-gov
 Less expensive
 e-Government transactions cost 65% less
compared to ordinary transactions
 More convenient hours 24 X 7
 Reduced travel and waiting
 Benefits all customers
 No Geographical Boundaries
 Reduction in bad check processing
 Reduction of time to recognize money

52. E-Government
 20% Technology
 35% BPR (Business Process Reengineering)
 40% Change Management
 05% Luck!

53. References
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
2. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cloud+computing
3. http://www.inthergroup.com/references/e-commerce
4. https://sites.google.com/a/riologica.net/cloud-computing-
references/
5. http://www.reference.com/browse/e-commerce
6. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/olds/ecommerce/library.html
7. http://www.vicomsoft.com/learning-center/firewalls/
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)
9. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/firewall?s=t