About the Project – Water Security in Peri-urban South Asia: Adapting to Climate Change and
Urbanization- Dr. Anjal Prakash, SaciWATERs, Hyderabad and Dr. Vishal Narain, MDI, Gurgaon
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Peri urban Project Introduction_Anjal Prakash and Vishal Narain
1. Water security in periurban
South Asia
Adapting to climate change and
urbanization
Inception Workshop
August 16, 2010
Kathmandu
2. What is periurban
• peripheral areas around cities
• urban fringe, urban outgrowth, urban
agglomeration
• as urbanization advances, periurban becomes
more visible
– The categorization of rural and urban becomes less
relevant
• bear the brunt of urban expansion
– Supply land and water to the cities
– Receive urban wastes
3. Features of periurban
• Changing and mixed land use
– Driven by real estate boom
– Multiple claimants over land
• Social transition and heterogeneity
• Periurban livelihoods across rural and
urban resources and assets
• Environmental and natural resource
management issues
• Institutional lacunae
4. Implications for water use and
access
• Land acquisition changes water access
• Land use change alters demand for water
• Water sources filled up and acquired for
urban purposes
• Polluting industries relocated to
peripheries
• CPRs diverted for urban purposes: poor
and landless suffer
5. Implications for water use
• Rural-urban water flows
– Absence of a property rights structure
• Urban-rural water flows
– Sewage irrigation cheap but adverse health
implications
• Urban elite can afford costly water extraction
technologies
– Farm-houses
• Conflicts escalating over scarce water in the
absence of institutions across rural and urban
jurisdictions
6. Water (in) security aggravated by
climate change
• Periurban residents lose water on account
of urbanization and climate change
– Fluctuations in water availability
– Extreme events: drought/floods, glacial
outbursts
• Differ in their capacity to adapt to these
changes
• Vulnerability varies across class, caste
and gender
7. The present project
To understand the
implications of
urbanization processes
for water access and
use in peri-urban
locations in 4 select
research sites in South
Asia and to examine
water related
vulnerability, adaptation
and resilience of
different social groups in
the context of climate
change
8. Objectives
• Examine
– changing water availability/ insecurity as a
result of the interaction of urbanization and
climate change for periurban residents
– the adaptation of periurban residents to these
changes and assess their cost-effectiveness
– Institutional lacunae in addressing these
concerns
– Mobilize and bring together a wide range of
stakeholders as a basis to intervene
9. Approach and methodology
• A diversity of approaches rooted both in
the interpretive and positivist sciences
• Qualitative, participatory methodologies to
involve residents as a basis for designing
interventions for them
• Quantitative techniques and cost-benefit
analyses for relevant interventions
• Stakeholder meetings to catalyse change
10. Water (in)Security in Khulna,
Bangladesh
• Khulna, a southern metropolis of
Bangladesh, is one of the 15
most vulnerable cities under
climate change impact
• It is the third-largest city in
Bangladesh, located on the
banks of the Rupsha and Bhairab
rivers
• Threatened by cyclones like,
SIDR and Aila associated with
storm surges as well as
recurrence of droughts
11. Water (in)Security in Khulna,
Bangladesh
• Sea level rise, reduced upstream
flow and prolonged dry weather
are expected to drive up salinity -
crisis for freshwater
• urban wastewater is getting
diverted to peri-urban areas and
surrounding rivers
• River floods increase salinity in
drinking water sources
• Surface water salinity near Khulna
as recorded in 2007, was the Sea level rise in Khulna
highest in the preceding 32 years
• Drinking water insecurity for peri
urban locations
12. Water (in)Security in
Hyderabad, India
Present urban landscape in
Hyderabad is dominated by:
• New residential colonies due to
newly developing industrial,
educational and research centres,
in high value lands along the lines
of highest accessibility
• Some of the areas which have
experienced massive real estate
development are Madhapur (an
erstwhile peri urban village), is now
merged with the city in continuation
with Jubilee Hills
• Shamshabad, also a peri urban
village has now seen massive
growth of newly developing
residential colonies and financial
and business enclaves
13. Water (in)Security in
Hyderabad, India
• Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply Sewerage Board
(HMWSSB) constituted in 1989 to supply water to an
Water sources are
area of 172.6 sq. km for Hyderabad- supplies water to 9
municipalities adjoining Hyderabad.
shrinking and water
Sources of Water
supply is unreliable
• Osman Sagar on Musi river
• Himayat Sagar on Esi river
in most of the
• Manjira Barrage on Manjira river
• Singur Dam on Manjira river
locations – water
• Krishna Drinking Water Scheme Phase I & II
conflicts have been
• Increasing demand in Greater Hyderabad compelled the
Government in 2009 to undertake a project worth Rs
on a rise
809.62 crore for drawing water from the Godavari
14. Water (in)Security in Hyderabad,
India
• Groundwater as only source
of drinking water – issues of
water quality – salinity and
biological contamination
• variability of rainfall during
monsoons leads to
increased stress on
groundwater levels-
competitive deepening
• No attempt to find out Aliabad village in
sustainable sources of Shameerpet mandal –
drinking water – water groundwater level has
conservation is not on the gone down – hand-pumps
card! are non operational
15. Water (in)Security in Gurgaon,
India
Gurgaon, a district in the North-
West Indian state of Haryana,
has grown significantly over
the last two decades
Growth took place due to
proximity to Delhi and IT
industries
modern high rises co-existing
Land prices have gone up
tremendously – land mafias are with village settlements
operational
16. Water (in)Security in
Gurgaon, India
• Water table has been declining
at a rate of about two meters (six
feet) every year since 2006
• Poor aquifer to recharge due to
erractic rainfall pattern coupled
with the concrete structures
• Large water bodies that have
historically served as traditional
rainwater harvesting structures
are now drying up
• New settlements are replacing
Former village pond
water bodies giving way to real
estate growth
17. Water (in) security in peri-
urban Kathmandu
• Urban fringe around the city
underwent rapid urbanization
and conversion of agricultural
land into residential dwellings
• Urbanization and development
of physical infrastructure in the
city have put pressure on the
natural resources in the peri-
urban areas
• Emergence of water market
due to gap left by combined
services of traditional sources
and piped water supply
18. Water (in) security in peri-
urban Kathmandu
• Sand mining from the river bed
have serious implications for local
hydrology
• Water transported from the peri-
urban areas through water markets
• Financial transaction of Private
Tanker based market is 4.5 times
higher than KUKL’ s annual
expenditure for 2007/08 (Shrestha
and Shukla, 2010)
• Competition of water resources in
urban vs peri-urban areas is a
cause of concern and possibility of
conflict in the future owing to
unequal access
19. Water (in)security in peri-urban
South Asia
• Different levels of development and mis-management of
water throws environmental stress for peri-urban
residence
• Traditional water harvesting sources are engulfed by the
ways cities are expanding or extracting resources of their
neighborhoods
• Unsustainable development brings in water insecurity
which is further aggravated by climate change
• All four locations have unique socio-economic and
political context of development but are bound by the
issue of water security issues for poor women and men