2. At the end of the lessons, the
students should be able to explain
1.Various teaching models,
approaches, strategies and
methods of teaching
2.The implications of teaching
models on teaching and learning
objectives
3. Definitions …
Approaches
oA set of assumptions dealing with
the nature of language, learning,
and teaching
oThe explanation of why we teach
that way
Methods
oAn overall plan for
systematic presentation of
language based upon a
selected approach
oThe way we teach
4. Definitions …
Strategy
oa plan or a program that is extensively
used to ensure that a certain message
or lesson is passed from the teacher to
the student
oa skill in planning and managing
methods and teaching techniques to
achieve learning outcomes
Techniques
oSpecific activities manifested in the
classroom that were consistent with
a method and harmony with
6. Teaching Models
1.The Behavioural Systems
Family
2.The Information – Processing
Family
3.Social Family
4.The Personal Family
Tested steps and procedures to
effectively generate desired outcomes.
Can be classified into 4 categories
7. 1. The Behavioural Systems Family
Drawn from the body of
knowledge known as Behaviour
Theory
Behavioural models of
instruction and learning have
their origins in classical and
operant conditioning
environments that stimulate
individuals to act in certain
ways
8. 1.The Behavioural Systems Family
Educator’s task is to identify
the kinds of environmental
variables that affect learner
behaviour and apply the
findings to enhance learning
Among the models in this
category are Mastery Learning,
Learning from Simulations,
Direct Learning and Social
9. 1. The Behavioural Systems Family
Mastery Learning
based on the concept that all students
can learn when provided with
conditions appropriate to their
situation
students are to master certain skills –
80% before moving on to new
materials
the student must reach a
predetermined level of mastery on one
unit before they are allowed to
10. 1. The Behavioural Systems Family
Mastery Learning
organizes materials to be learned in
relatively small, sequenced
instructional modules that are
presented to the students with
assessments of learning embedded
Learning tasks are regulated
according to the progress of the
learners and which teach students
to pace themselves for optimal
performance
11. 1. The Behavioural Systems Family
Learning from Simulations
Allows students to face realistic
conditions
Learning by doing
Done through simulations and
discussions
Nurtures and instructs a variety of
educational outcomes – concepts
and skills; cooperation and
competition; critical thinking and
decision-making.
12. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Emphasize ways of enhancing
the learner’s innate drive to make
sense of the world by:
1. Acquiring and organizing data
2. Sensing problems and
generating solutions to them
3. Developing concepts and
language for conveying them
13. 2. The Information-Processing Family
based on the idea that
humans process the
information they receive,
rather than merely responding
to stimuli.
equates the mind to a
computer, which is responsible
for analyzing information from
the environment.
14. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Some models provide the learner
with information and concepts
Some emphasize concept
formation and hypothesis testing
Others generate creative thinking
A few are designed to enhance
general intellectual ability
Many are useful for studying the
self and society – suitable for
achieving the personal and social
goals of education
15. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Among the models which are in
this category:
Advance Organizer
Inquiry Training
Concept Attainment/Concept
Learning/ Concept Formation/
Category Learning
16. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Advance Organizer
an instructional unit that is used
before direct instruction, or
before a new topic; this is
sometimes called a hook, set
induction, or anticipatory set
popularized by David Ausubel in
1968
introduced in advance of direct
instruction
17. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Advance Organizer
presented at a higher level of
abstraction than the information
presented later
designed to bridge the gap between
what the learner already knows and
what she needs to know
use of advance organizers has
shown, through several research
studies, to improve levels of
understanding and recall
18. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Inquiry Training
Is built around sets of
puzzling problems which
students attempt to solve by
collecting and verifying data,
developing concepts, and
building and testing
hypotheses
19. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Inquiry Training
Stemmed from the observations
“When children are young the
world to them is full of questions
to ask. Somewhere along the
way, they get the idea that
becoming an adult means
leaving the world of questioning
to enter the world of knowing
the answers. ”
20. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Inquiry Training
describes approaches to learning
that are based on the
investigation of questions,
scenarios or problems - often
assisted by a facilitator
Inquirers will identify and
research issues and questions to
develop their knowledge or
solutions
21. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Concept Attainment
Provides teachers with a
conceptual alternative to
induction, enabling them to
control data sets and help
students develop precise
knowledge of concepts
is largely based on the works of
the cognitive psychologist
Jerome Bruner
22. 2. The Information-Processing Family
Concept Attainment
is a strategy which requires a learner
to compare and contrast groups or
categories that contain concept-
relevant features with groups or
categories that do not contain
concept-relevant features.
a learning task in which a human or
machine learner is trained to classify
objects by being shown a set of
example objects along with their
class labels.