The document discusses scouring, which is a process used to purify cotton and cotton-blended textiles by removing impurities like oils, waxes, and dirt. It describes two main types of scouring: alkaline scouring, which uses high concentrations of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures; and bio/enzymatic scouring, which uses enzymes like pectinase and lipase at lower temperatures. Alkaline scouring is faster and removes more impurities but is harsher on fibers, more costly, and produces more wastewater. Bio scouring is gentler on fibers, more environmentally friendly, and reduces costs over the full production process though it has

1. Name: M.YOUSUF
discipline:TS-2B

2.  Scouring is an important pre-treatment
operation in the processing of cotton and
cotton blended materials.

3.  Scouring is a purifying treatment of textiles.
 The term scouring applies to the removal of
impurities such as oil, wax gum, soluble
impurities and solid dirt commonly found in
textile material.

4. •Remove all impurities such as oil , wax , fat
etc from the surface of the fiber.
•Produce the fiber more hydrophilic.
• Increasing the absorbency and clean the fiber
by use alkaline.
•Removing the natural coloring matter of the
cotton fiber.

5.  In natural fibers there in non-cellulosic
materials create a physical hydrophobic
barrier to protect the fiber from the
environment throughout its development.
 We remove the waxes and pectin are present
in natural fibers . Pectin connects the waxy
material to cellulose of the primary wall.

6.  Alkali scouring
 Bio Scouring or Enzymatic Scouring

8.  scouring is done in a hot aqueous solution of
NaOH to remove hydrophobic components from
the primary wall (e.g. pectin, protein) and the
cuticle (waxes and fats).
 In alkaline scouring the use of high
concentrations of NaOH also
requires.

9.  We use high concentration of
NaOH to remove the pectin inside
the cotton fiber.
 A pectin is a cuticle layer of a
cotton fiber.
 In pectin there is in present
(waxes and fats).

10.  It work on high temperature
easily.
 It remove all impurities.
 Easily Available

11.  Not Save energy
 Costly
 Fiber Strength
 Wastage of Water
 High Temperature
 Not time saving
 Ruff surface profile
 Not Environment friendly

14.  Bioscouring is a process by which alkaline stable
pectinase is used to remove pectin and waxes
selectively from the cotton fibre.
 Pectinase, as the name suggests, hydrolyses pectins
present in cotton as a non-cellulosic impurity.
 This process is substrate-specific and does not alter the
cellulose component.
 It takes place at lower temperatures and does not swell or
remove the seed coat fragments called motes, which can be
beneficial when scouring for the 'natural look'.
Bio Scouring

15.  Pectinase:-Pectinases are used for the removal pectic
substances from cotton.
 Lipases :- They are used for the removal of natural
fatt (oil and waxes) substances from cotton
 Proteases:- Proteases are enzymes that catalyse the
hydrolysis of proteins.

16.  Removal of wax ( a major part being fatty acids) is
the critical factor for improved wetability. Pectin
functions as a ‘glue’ binding wax to the fiber.
Pectin removal does not by itself result in wax
removal or improved wettability.

19. Bio-scouring
 Blend of Enzymes-
Pectinase + Protease
 Removes Pectin,
protein, Wax, Oil etc
Alkaline-scouring
 Sodium Hydroxide
 Remove Pectin,
Protein, Wax, Oil,
Cellulose

20. Bio-scouring
 Soft Handle
 cellulose with complete
removal of Impurities
 No core Alkali
neutralization, thus
less washing cycle
 Less TDS, COD, BOD
Alkaline-scouring
 Harshness
 cellulose with complete
removal of Impurities
and partial Callulose
 Required core alkali
neutralization, thus
more washing cycle
 More TDS, COD, BOD

22. Bio-scouring
 Direct cost is more
 but Overall cost is less
(Grey to finished)
Alkaline-scouring
 Direct cost is less
 but Overall cost is more
(Grey to finished)

23. .Examples of Bio-Scouring and Alkaline Scouring

24.  Save energy
 Save cost
 Water saving
 Temperature saving
 Time saving
 Smoother surface profile(Fully retain cellulose structure)
 Lesser weight loss
 Environmental benefits
 Reduces effluent treatment process/ ETP cost

25.  Inability of removing of cotton fiber waxes.
 They don’t work on high temperature.
 The degree of whiteness is often less
 The process is not suitable for removing seed-coat
fragments and mote adequately.

28. Thank you