3. Effective Writing Good writing has unity (a single focus) support (details and examples) coherance (clear and logical) sentence skills (grammatically correct)

4. Review of Paragraph Structure Start with a topic sentence that clearly defines the main point of your paragraph (unity) Give three reasons to support your point; (support) Provide specific details or examples for each reason (support) Use transition signals to show the relationship between ideas (coherance)

5. Begin with a Point, Page 47 To understand this idea of “unity” or “focus,” let’s look at some examples in our text.

6. Begin with a Point, Page 47 Complete the following statement: Paragraph _____ is effective because it makes a clear, single point, in the first sentence and goes on in the remaining sentence to support that point. Discuss your choice with a classmate.

7. Topic Sentences should be the first sentence in the paragraph contain the main point of a paragraph give focus to the paragraph (unity) are a promise to the reader about what the paragraph will be about

8. Effective Topic Sentences should state one main idea or opinion that could be supported with specific evidence Ex: I hate my Ford Escort.

9. Effective Topic Sentences have two main parts the limited topic the writer’s attitude about the topic Ex: I hate my Ford Escort. Ex: My girlfriendis very aggressive. Ex: Votingshould be required by law in Canada.

10. Topic Sentences should not “announce” the topic Ex: I want to talk about my Ford Escort.

11. Topic Sentences should not be too broad Ex: Many people have problems with their cars.

12. Topic Sentences should not be too narrow Ex: My car is a Ford Escort.

13. Activity 10, p. 65-66 Read sentences 1-5. Identify (on your own paper) the topic and the idea about the topic (expressed in key words)

14. Activity 10, p. 10 Billboardsshould be abolished. My boss is an ambitious man. 3. Politicians are often self-serving. 4. The apartmentneeded repairs. 5. Television commercials are often insulting.

15. Activity 12, p. 68 Read each group of supporting details and then try to write a topic sentence for them. (Ask yourself what general topic they have in common and what idea or view about that topic they seem to support.) Do as many as you can in the next ten minutes. Do not worry if you do not have time to do them all.

16. Activity 12, p. 68 The neighbours next door aren’t always sociable. The new neighbours are not very friendly. My friend’s party had many problems. The worst dance party I ever attended. 3. The worst restaurant service I ever had. My nightmare at an expensive restaurant.

17. Activity 12, p. 68 4. My memories of English classes are unpleasant. English classes were never my cup of tea. 5. The movie I saw was low-budget. The movie I saw was poorly made. The movie makers made many mistakes.

18. BREAK 10 minutes

19. More Graphic Novel Terms Refer to your handout. Last class we learned about the basic layout of graphic novels (frames, panels, gutters) including how black and white is used (graphic weight) to attract the readers attention and show importance. We also looked at how text (captions and speech bubbles) is combined with images to deepen the artist/writer’s message.

20. More Graphic Novel Terms Today we will explore how graphic artists use the following elements to give meaning to the story figures (page 2) layout position: foreground, midground, and background (under layout)

23. Review of Persepolis Chapter 1 The protagonist (main character) of the story is Marjane as a child. The narrator of the story is Marjane as an adult. The point of view of the story is first person point of view (“I”). The setting (time and place) of the story is Iran during the revolution of 1979.

25. Review of Persepolis Chapter 1 After the revolution, Marjane’s life changed in many ways: she had to wear the veil boys and girls couldn’t go to school together anymore bilingual schools were closed - her mother had to hide because of her views Marjane is a smart, strong minded, determined, religious child. She wants to be a prophet because she wants to fix everything like her grandmother’s legs. . .

26. Persepolis – Chapter 2 Let’s start by looking at the way the author draws faces in this chapter. Compare page 8 and page 11

27. Page 8 Page 11

28. Persepolis – Chapter 2 What do you notice about the human faces? How are they different from the image of God? Why do you think the author has chosen to represent the figures in this way? What is the significance to the story?

29. Persepolis – Chapter 2 Now let’s look at how the author positions panels in this chapter. Understanding the ways a graphic novelist places and organizes her panels will help you understand the story more deeply (just like understanding the structure of a paragraph, poem, or novel helps you to understand and follow the writer’s point better).

31. Page 16, upper left. Marji’s father’s position shows _______________. Page 16, upper middle. Marji’s positions show __________________. Page 16, bottom left. Marji shows ________________.

32. Page 17, middle left. Marji users her fingers to ______________. Page 17, middle right. Marji’s father’s hands show _______________.

33. Activity Read the entire chapter (“The Bicycle,” pages 10-18) now. Work with a partner to try to find additional visual elements that add to your understanding of the story and characters. You may use sticky notes to write down your ideas about different panels.

34. Homework Read the chapter 3 “The Water Cell,” pages 18-25) for homework. On your own, identify as many graphic elements as you can. You may use sticky notes to write down your ideas about different panels. You will need to use these notes for an in-class assignment on Monday.