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Resource Sharing and Off Campus Users
1. Resource Sharing and
Off Campus Users
Michele D. Behr
NELINET Resource Sharing
Annual Meeting
June 19, 2009
2. Based on “Do off-campus students still use
document delivery? Current trends”
Co-authored with Julie Hayward, Head of
Resource Sharing at WMU
Presented at the Off Campus Library Services
Conference March, 2008
Published in the Journal of Library Administration,
volume 48, 2008.
3. Introduction
Case study of WMU experience
Survey Fall 2007 results
NELINET survey results
Interpretations
Discussion
4. Western Michigan University
Student-centered research institution located
in Kalamazoo, MI
25, 000 students enrolled
140 undergraduate programs
67 masters programs
29 doctoral degree programs
5. Off-Campus Studies at WMU
Educational opportunities offered online, through compressed video, or
in person
8 regional sites located throughout the state of Michigan
WMU Libraries supports these programs through
Document Delivery Services
Face-to-Face Instruction
Web Subject Guides
Electronic Reserves
Reference/Research Consultation Services
Embedded librarian in research intensive classes
The library markets these services through web pages, advertisements,
posters at the branch campuses, brochures, direct emails to off-campus
faculty, and at orientation sessions
6. Off-Campus Students
Approximately 3000 students were enrolled in off-
campus programs for the 2005/2006 academic year
Demographics
73% are female
48% 26-35 years
26% 36-45 years
20% 21-25 years
Education, Health and Human Services, Psychology
and Public Administration are the programs with the
highest enrollments
7. Off-Campus Student Satisfaction
Survey
545 WMU off-campus students surveyed in
Fall of 2006
80% indicated they had been required to use
library resources
60% were well informed about library
research services
50% were satisfied or very satisfied with
overall library services
35% said “no opinion or not applicable.”
8. Document Delivery
Sept 1992, WMU began offering document delivery
services to off-campus patrons
Free service
Materials were mailed or faxed to the patron
In 1993 email requesting became available
Web-based requesting became available when Clio
was implemented in Sept 2002
Significant increase in requests from off-campus
students with the addition of ILLiad and Electronic
Document Delivery software in 2003
9. Document Delivery Requests
WMU Document Delivery Requests 2562 in 03/04
3000
2500 2641 in 04/05
Num ner of requests
2000
Articles
1500 Books Significant
Total
1000
decreases in
04/05 to 05/06,
500
particularly
0
2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/2007
article requests
Year
11. Electronic Resources
FY 02-03 through FY 20000
06-07, purchased 18000
16000
3,804 e-serials and 14000
60,060 e-books 12000
10000
8000 E-Serials
6000 E-Books
Access to 19, 969 full 4000
text titles through 2000
aggregated databases 0
FY FY FY FY FY
02- 03- 04- 05- 06-
03 04 05 06 07
12. Case Study
WMU Libraries experiencing a decrease in
document delivery requests from off-campus
students
Article requests have significantly decreased
Change in book requests are not as dramatic
Total number of requests have leveled off from FY
05-06 to FY 06-07
13. Case Study
WMU Libraries have increased access to a
significant number of electronic resources
Decrease in off-campus student enrollment
(3, 295 students in AY 02-03 compared to 2,
920 in AY 05-06
These are significant factors contributing to
the decline in document delivery services.
14. Why?
Digital environment has created the
opportunity for fast, efficient document
delivery services
Digital environment has also created the self-
sufficient user locating resources for
themselves
Are other libraries also experiencing similar
results?
15. Survey
Developed a web-based survey with 13
questions through Surveymonkey.com
Solicited participants from 3 electronic
distribution lists, OFFCAMP, ILLiad and ILL-L
Participants were not required to answer all
questions
Survey was available for 3 weeks in
November 07
16. Survey Questions
Survey asked for statistics on document
delivery for the last 5 years
We also asked for stats on acquisition of
electronic books and journals
We asked respondents to tell us about what
kinds of instruction they provided
We asked about marketing initiatives
Finally we asked about turnaround times,
systems and level of automation
17. Survey Responses
Variability in how people keep statistics
Some institutions didn’t have books and articles
broken out
Some institutions include aggregators in their
stats of e-journals
Variation in academic and fiscal year reporting
Lack of clarity in how people define
“document delivery”
20. E-journal Subscriptions and
E-book Titles
In 2002 average number of e-journal
subscriptions of responding institutions was
11,084
In 2007 this number had risen 93% to an average
of 21,381
In 2002 average number of e-book titles of
responding institutions was 11,631
In 2007 this number had risen over 500% to
61,836
24. Average Book Requests
Book Requests
1200
1000
Average Number of Requests
800
600
400
200
0
2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2007/07
Year
25. Other Findings
Responding institutions reported that their programs
with the highest enrollments included: Education,
Nursing, Business, and Allied Health fields
The most popular forms of information literacy
instruction included web pages and web based
subject guides, face-to-face instruction, embedded
librarians, and tutorials
8 institutions reported offering 5 or more methods
26. Other Findings
Responding institutions reported that the
most popular marketing initiatives include
newsletters, orientation sessions for students,
e-mails to students and faculty and web
pages
88% of responding institutions reported being
engaged in 3 or more methods of marketing
their services
27. Other Findings
Electronic delivery of materials is offered by
77% of our responding institutions
Electronic transfer of requests from a
database is in place at 61% of the responding
institutions
Turnaround times varied between less than
24 hours and up to 7 days
Average seems to be between 2 and 3 days
28. Selected Comments
The majority of our book requests are for the class textbooks.
We've noticed over the past several years that the number of
items we've supplied to students has steadily dropped, but that
the number of students who've contacted us has steadily risen!
Our reasoning is that most students are finding what they need
through our full text options, but since there are more distance
students, more of them are coming to us for those few items they
can't find online themselves.
We discourage sending books to patrons through the mail. We
have-but we try to get the DE students to use a library closer to
where they live. Mailing books cuts down on the loan period.
29. NELINET Survey Results
Original survey was rerun for conference
attendees
Responses were received from 11 institutions
1 Community College
1 four-year college (undergrad only)
6 small colleges (enrollment under 10,000)
1 medium size university (enrollment 10-25,000)
1 large university (enrollment over 25,000)
1 hospital library
30. NELINET Survey Results
Average enrollment in DE programs in 2003-
2004 : 1003
Average enrollment in DE programs in 2007-
2008 : 1839
Top departments offering DE programs:
Business, Nursing, Allied Health, Education
33. NELINET Survey Results
Electronic delivery of articles and book
chapters:
9 yes
1 no
Automatic transfer of citation data into ILL
system:
4 yes
6 no
34. NELINET Survey Results
Turnaround time for articles
Varied between 24 hours to 7-10 days
Average: 2.3 days
Average turnaround time for books
Varied between 2 days and 2 weeks
Average 5.6 days
35. Interpretations / Explanations
Huge increase in availability and access to
resources in electronic format
Students becoming more self sufficient and hesitant
to ask for help
Concept of “good enough”
Lack of awareness of services
Lack of knowledge on how to access services
Instructors embedding resources in courses
What have we missed?
36. Discussion Questions?
What is your experience with document delivery
trends?
Which of our interpretations resonate with you?
What else might we be missing out of the data?
How important is document delivery to your students
/ faculty?
Books?
Articles?
How does automation of the process effect how it is
used?
37. What happened last year at
WMU?
Electronic resources continued to increase
Enrollments in DE courses are going up
More “general education” courses being offered
online
Total book requests for 07/08: 216
Total article requests for 07/08: 2941
38. What Next?
Several possibilities for follow up on these
issues
Citation analysis study
Are their differences in usage of document
delivery between undergrad and graduate
students?
Analysis of publication dates of requested
materials
What are users perceptions of the value of
document delivery?
39. References
Arnold, J., Sias, J., & Zhang, J. (2002) Bring the library to the students: Using
technology to deliver instruction and resources for research. Journal of Library
Administration, 37 (1/2), 27-37
Boukacem-Zeghmouri, C., et. al. (2006) Analysis of the downward trend in
document supply in pharmacology: a case study from INIST in France (part 1).
Interlending & Document Supply, 34 (4), 177-185
Dieterle, W. (2002) Digital document delivery to the desktop: Distance Is no longer
an issue. Journal of Library Administration, 37 (1/2), 243-250
Kelley, K. B., & Orr, G. J. (2003) Trends in distant student use of electronic
resources: A survey. College and Research Libraries, 64 (3), 176-191
Lebowitz, G. (1997) Library service to distance students: An equity issue. The
Journal of Academic Librarianship, 25 (4), 303-308
Liu, Z., & Yang, Z. Y. (2004) Factors influencing distance-education graduate
student’s use of information sources: A user study. The Journal of Academic
Librarianship, 30 (1), 24-35
Tunon, J. & Brydges, B. (2006) A study on using rubrics and citation analysis to
measure the quality of doctoral dissertation reference lists from traditional and
nontraditional institutions. Journal of Library Administration, 45 (3/4), 459-481.
40. Contact information
Michele D. Behr
Associate Professor
University Libraries, Off Campus Services
2017 Waldo Library
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5353
michele.behr@wmich.edu
Phone 269-387-5611
41. Discussion questions
1. What are the challenges of ILL services to DE students?
2. What can we learn from serving DE students that may transfer
over to services for on campus students?
3. What we need in terms of technology and automation to be able
to serve the DE student better?
4. How do you need to adapt your current ILL workflow to serve DE
students better?
5. Is there a need to even consider separate services for DE
students-- maybe one size fits all is better?
6. How could we adapt current resource sharing agreements to
better serve DE students?
