Chst prep core 2016

CHST Prep
The Core AREAs
John Newquist
johnanewquist@gmail.com

Electrical Current Biological Effect
• 1 mA threshold for feeling
• 10-20 mA voluntary let-go of circuit impossible
• 25 mA onset of muscular contractions
• 50-200 mA ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest
• E. A. Lacy, Handbook of Electronic Safety Procedures, Prentice- Hall: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1977)

Ventricular Fibrillation
When the heart is in ventricular fibrillation, the
musculature of the ventricles undergoes irregular,
uncoordinated twitching resulting in no net blood flow.
The condition proves fatal if not corrected in a very
short space of time.
Normal

GFCI’s –1971 NEC
The GFCI operates by sensing the difference between
the currents in the Hot and Neutral conductors. Under
normal conditions, these should be equal. Will shut
off at 5 mA in 1/40th of a second.

Panel Boxes
• Must have covers
• Three Feet clear space
• No live parts over 50
volts
• Circuit breaker has a
bimetallic strip and
heat will caused it to
trip

Trenching
• Trench 5-6 feet deep.
• Spoil at edge.
• No access.
• Four soil types

Fall Protection
• Guardrails
• Strength =
• Top rail height =
• Mid-rail height =
• Wire rope/chain deflection of 2
inches

Fall Arrest Components
• Definition
• Body Harness
• Energy Absorbing Lanyard
• Anchorage
• Max fall arrest is 1800 pounds
• Anchorages are 5000 pounds

Covers
• Hold twice the weight
• Secured
• Marked
Violation: 4' x 8' sheets of plywood covering a stairway
opening to the basement of a house. Only four nails hold
the two covers. The cover is not marked.

Scaffolds
• OSHA 1926.451
• Training specific for erectors and users.
• Inspections before use
• Fall protection required above 10 feet.
• Suspended scaffolds need independent fall arrest from the scaffold

Scaffold Footing
• Baseplates always required.
• Mudsills needed if on earth.

Scaffold Planking
• Scaffolds must be fully planked,
secured and overlapped.
• Falling object protection
required.
• Inspect planks for damage or
overloading.

Step Ladders
• Used on stable surface
• Not used as a ext. ladder
• Inspected for defects
• Never painted
• Never used on a scaffold

Extension Ladder
• 4:1 Pitch
• 3’ extension above landing
• No defects
• Not near electrical
• Secured from slipping
• Capacity 1A = 300 pounds

Cranes
• Four main causes of worker death and injury:
• Electrocution, (CHST)
• Crushed by parts of the equipment,
• Struck-by the equipment/load, and
• Falls. (See Subpart M 1926.500-503)

20
Could you get within 20
feet of power line?
YES NO
Option #1
Deenergize &
Ground
Encroachment
Prevention measures
Option #3
Ask Utility for
Voltage and
Use Table A
(with minimum
clearance distance)
Option #2
20 foot
clearance
No further
action
• Planning meeting
• If tag lines used Non-conductive
• Elevated warning lines, barricade
or line of signs
•PLUS (Choose one):
• Proximity alarm, spotter, warning
device, range limiter, or insulating link

Cranes
• 1926.1402 (c)(3)
• Must ensure that ground preparations are safe
• Must inform the user of the equipment and the
operator of the location of known hazards beneath the
equipment set-up area (such as voids, tanks, utilities)
• If there is no controlling entity then the employer that
has authority at the site to make or arrange for ground
preparations must do so.

22
Cranes
• Shift = visual inspection for
apparent deficiencies
• Monthly = documented shift
inspection
• Annual = comprehensive, every
12 months

Load Moment Indicator
• Load Moment Indicator tells the
operator the weight the crane
perceives that is being lifted.
(CHST)
• It can tell length of boom
extended and angle of the boom.

Anti-two Block
• Anti-two block systems prevent events caused by unintentional
contact between the hook block and the crane sheaves (CHST)

Cranes
• 1926.1431 has extensive rules
to follow when lifting people.
• It must be a last option.
• Aerial lifts can often be used in
lieu of a personnel platform.

Note: A good operating practice is to keep sling angles from
going below 60 degrees
1000 LBS 1000 LBS 1000 LBS 1000 LBS
500LBS
500LBS
1000 LBS 1000 LBS
90 60° 45° 30°
Rigging Safety
Proper calculation of increased tension caused by
sling angles (on all rigging components!).

Rigging Safety
• Know the rated capacity of slings
and hardware.

Rigging Safety
• Allow for D/d ratio on all wire rope slings.

Wire Rope
• 1926.251(c)(4)(iv)
• Wire rope shall not be used if, in
any length of eight diameters,
the total number of visible
broken wires exceeds 10
percent of the total number of
wires, or if the rope shows
other signs of excessive wear,
corrosion, or defect.

Rigging Safety
• For 6-strand wire rope slings, 10
randomly distributed broken
wires in one rope lay, or five
broken wires in one strand of
one rope lay
• ASME B30.9
Many are going lower for broken wire

Respiratory
Protection
• 1910.134
• Written program #2
• Medical evaluation #1
• Fit testing #3, #6
• Selection, Evaluation of
exposure #5
• Maintenance, Storage, and
Care #9
• Annual Training #8
• Program evaluation #10
• Beards #7
Voluntary use App D - #4

Voluntary Use Requirements
(Filtering facepiece only)
Appendix D only:
• Read and Heed all instructions
• Use approved respirators
• Properly selected
• Keep track of your respirator

Medical Evaluation Requirements
• Evaluation completed prior to wearing respirator
• Annually thereafter
• Evaluation include information in Sections 1 and 2, Part 1
Of Appendix C
• Conducted by a physician or licensed health care
professional

Fit Testing
Quantitative fit testing uses a machine to measure
the actual amount of leakage into the face piece and
does not rely upon your sense of taste, smell, or
irritation in order to detect leakage
The fit test shall be administered using an
OSHA-accepted QLFT or QNFT protocol.
Fit test not done before use. #6
Fit test not done annually #3

Respirators
• Training must be provided prior to use, unless acceptable
training has been provided by another employer within the
past 12 months
• Retraining is required annually, and when:
• changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous
training obsolete
• there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use
• any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary
• The basic advisory information in Appendix D must be
provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not
required by this standard or by the employer

Health Hazards Classifications
Hazard Class Hazard Category
Acute Toxicity 1 2 3 4
Skin Corrosion/Irritation 1A 1B 1C 2
Serious Eye Damage/ Eye
Irritation
1 2A 2B
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization 1
Germ Cell Mutagenicity 1A 1B 2
Carcinogenicity 1A 1B 2
Reproductive Toxicity 1A 1B 2 Lactation
STOT –
Single Exposure 1 2 3
STOT –
Repeated Exposure 1 2
Aspiration 1
Simple Asphyxiants Single Category

Physical Hazards
Hazard Class Hazard Category
Explosives Unstable
Explosives
Div 1.1 Div 1.2 Div 1.3 Div 1.4 Div 1.5 Div 1.6
Flammable Gases 1 2
Flammable Aerosols 1 2
Oxidizing Gases 1
Gases under Pressure
Compressed Gases
Liquefied Gases
Refrigerated Liquefied Gases
Dissolved Gases
1
Flammable Liquids 1 2 3 4
Self-Reactive Chemicals Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G
Pyrophoric Liquids 1
Pyrophoric Solid 1
Pyrophoric Gases Single
category
Self-heating Chemicals 1 2
Chemicals, which in
contact with water, emit
flammable gases
1 2 3
Oxidizing Liquids 1 2 3
Oxidizing Solids 1 2 3
Organic Peroxides Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G
Corrosive to Metals 1
Combustible Dusts Single
Category

(e) Program Requirements
Written program
List of all hazardous chemicals
Addresses non-routine tasks
Discusses other contractors responsibilities
Available upon request to any employee or contractor

(f) Labels
Required Elements
Product identifier
Signal words
Hazard statements
Pictograms
Precautionary statements
Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical
manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party
A new Appendix C, Allocation of Label Elements, has been
provided to indicate the label requirements by hazard class
and category
Labels are to be updated within 6 months of getting new and
significant information about the hazards, or ways to protect
those exposed

(g) Safety Data Sheet Format
1. Identification of the substance or
mixture and of the supplier
2. Hazards identification
3. Composition/information on
ingredients
4. First-aid measures
5. Fire-fighting measures
6. Accidental release measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure controls/personal
protection
9. Physical and chemical
properties
10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
(non-mandatory)
13. Disposal considerations
(non-mandatory)
14. Transport information
(non-mandatory)
15. Regulatory information
(non-mandatory)
16. Other information, including
date of preparation or last
revision

Classification of Fires
• Class A fires: trash, wood, paper or other
combustible materials as the fuel source.
• Class B fires: flammable or combustible
liquids as the fuel source.
• Class C fires: involves electrical equipment.
• Class D fires: ignitable metals as a fuel
source.
• Class K fires: cooking oils and grease, like
animals fats and vegetable fats.

Fire triangle: everything a fire
needs

Fire
• 150 c 1 vi
• No extinguisher for 5
pounds of flammable gas
or 5 gallons of flammable
or combustible gas.
• 10B F.E. within 50 feet
• Oxygen acetylene must
be separated ________
feet or by a ½ hour fire
barrier.

Routes of Entry
• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Skin Absorption
• Injection

Exposure Limits
• Animal Studies
• Epidemiological studies
• Industrial Experience
• STEL – 15 minutes
• Ceiling – never
exceeded
• Threshold Limit Value

Control of Health Hazards
• Hierarchy of
Controls
• Engineering
• Substitution
• Work practices
• Administrative
• Personal
protective
equipment

REMEMBER!
• The aforementioned
applies to
overexposures above
90 dBA TWA (Time-
Weighted-Average)

Lead
• Many bridges have lead coated
surfaces
• Requires compliance with
1926.62
• Overexposure can occur in less
than 5 minutes when torch
cutting or painting
• PEL – 50 mcg/m3 Lead coating of bridge beams
usually requires an enclosure

Silica
• Cutting, hammering, drilling,
blasting can create high silica
levels
• Use wet methods and wear
respirators
• One of the oldest occupational
diseases
• New PEL 50 mcg/m3
Tuckpointing has one
of the highest silica
generating process in
construction

Carbon Monoxide
• Generators are most
common problem of
CO
• Heaters out of tune are
another cause
• CO PEL is 50 ppm
• Others set levels 25
ppm

Asbestos
• Where is it found?
• OSHA 0.1f/cc
• EPA-recommended clearance criteria
for reoccupancy into work area
following asbestos abatement, often
cited as 0.01 f/cc.

Heat Stress
• Train the workforce
• Perform the heaviest work in the
coolest part of the day
• Slowly build up tolerance to the
heat and the work activity
(usually takes up to two weeks)
• Drink plenty of cool water (one
cup every 15-20 minutes)
• Wear light, loose-fitting,
breathable (cotton) clothing
• Heat Stoke worst
• Heat exhaustion, heat cramps,
dehydration
Take frequent short breaks in cool or
shaded areas
Provide fans

Raynaud’s
• Raynaud's phenomenon is
characterized by a pale to blue
to red sequence of color
changes of the digits, most
commonly after exposure
to cold.

Heinrich
• 300-29-1 ratio between near-
miss incidents, minor injuries,
and major injuries
• 88 percent of all near misses
and workplace injuries resulted
from unsafe acts. (old thinking)

Management Leadership
• Committed managers
• set the philosophy towards safety and
health,
• focus the efforts,
• lead the charge,
• engage the employees in the entire process,
and
• visibly demonstrate their role via active
participation.

Safety Committee VPP
• XXX’s Glove Guidelines were created as a
result of a safety committee meeting.
• They realized the need for a more versatile
glove.
• The gloves XXX’s provided at the time were
uncomfortable. Nor were those gloves
adequate for multi-purpose use.
• The committee members researched
numerous types and styles of gloves, and
piloted several gloves researched.
• Outcome: Increased glove usage dramatically.
XXX’s employees owned the new gloves, as
they were responsible for the change.
• The change in gloves has also had an
immediate impact on company hand injuries.
63

The $12.70 is for one trade. Hazardous trades will pay more.

Root Cause
• Event Date: 01/27/2009
• On January 27, 2009, Gerald Holland was
walking across an aircraft hanger to exit the
building for lunch.
• Ice and sleet had been blowing through gaps
in the hanger doors, creating slippery
conditions on the adjacent floor.
• Gerald slipped and fell, striking his head on
the concrete floor. He was hospitalized for
severe head trauma and later died.

General Duty Clause
• Process Safety
• Combustible Dust
• Ergonomics
• Workplace Violence
• New chemicals (not listed on Z
tables)
• Lower Chemicals
• Arc Flash – Arc Blast
• Heat Illness
• Fall Protection
• “We are pleased that Fiberdome
agreed to adopt the industry
recognized 50-ppm (parts per
million) limit and believe that all
responsible and safety conscious
employers who use styrene
should consider doing the same
thing.
• Aug 2014

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