PROYEKTO SA ARALING PANLIPUNAN

1. Gomburza or GOMBURZA refers to three Filipino Catholic priests (Mariano
Gomez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora), who were executed on 17 February
1872 at Luneta in Bagumbayan, Philippines by Spanish colonial authorities on
charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite mutiny. The name is
a portmanteau of the priests' surnames.
Their execution had a profound effect on many late 19th-century Filipinos; José
Rizal, later to become the country's national hero, would dedicate his novel El
filibusterismo to their memory.

2. José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda,[7] widely known as José Rizal (Spanish
pronunciation: [xoˈse riˈsal]; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), was a Filipino
nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines.
An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the
Filipino Propaganda Movement which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain.
He was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after
the Philippine Revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not actively
involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which eventually led to
Philippine independence.
He is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been recommended
to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes Committee. However, no law,
executive order or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino
historical figure as a national hero.[8]He was the author of the novels Noli Me Tángere[9] and El
filibusterismo,[10] and a number of poems and essays.[11][12]

3. Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán, better known by his pen name Plaridel, was a Filipino
writer, lawyer, journalist, and freemason. Wikipedia
Born: 30 August 1850, Bulakan
Died: 4 July 1896, Barcelona, Spain
Nickname: Plaridel
Cause of death: Tuberculosis
Books: Marcelo H. Del Pilar, His Religious Conversions, Letters of Marcelo H. Del Pilar: A
collection of letters of Marcelo H. del Pilar
Children: María Consolación H. del Pilar, María H. del Pilar,

4. GRACIANO LÓPEZ JAENA
Graciano López Jaena was a Filipino journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero who is
well known for his newspaper, La Solidaridad. Wikipedia
Born: 18 December 1856, Jaro, Iloilo City
Died: 20 January 1896, Barcelona, Spain
Cause of death: Tuberculosis
Education: University of Valencia
Buried: Fossar de la Pedrera, Barcelona, Spain
Parents: Placido López, Maria Jacoba Jaena

5. ANTONIO NOVICIO LUNA
Antonio Novicio Luna, an Ilocano born in Manila, was a Filipino general who fought in the
Philippine–American War. Wikipedia
Born: 29 October 1866, Manila
Assassinated: 5 June 1899, Cabanatuan
Cause of death: Assassination
Siblings: Juan Luna, Joaquin Luna, Jose Novicio Luna, MORE
Battles and wars: Philippine–American War, MORE
Nicknames: Heneral Artikulo Uno, Taga-Ilog, The Fiery General

6. MARIANO PONCE
Mariano Ponce, was a Filipino physician, writer, and active member of the Propaganda
Movement. In Spain, he was among the founders of La Solidaridad and Asociacion Hispano-
Filipino. Wikipedia
Born: 23 March 1863, Baliuag, Bulacan
Died: 23 May 1918, Sai Ying Pun Community Complex, Hong Kong
Education: Complutense University of Madrid
Known for: Philippine Revolution
Other name: Naning, Kalipulako, Tikbalang
Political party: Nacionalista Party

7. JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN
Jose Ma. Panganiban y Enverga was a Filipino propagandist, linguist, and essayist. He is one of
the main writers and contributors for La Solidaridad, writing under the pen names "Jomapa" and
"J.M.P." Wikipedia
Born: 1 February 1863, Jose Panganiban
Died: 19 August 1890, Barcelona, Spain
Monuments: Jose Panganiban, Daet, and Naga, Camarines Sur
Education: Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Other name: Jomapa, J.M.P.
Organizations: La solidaridad, Freemasonry

8. AGUEDA KAHABAGAN
Agueda Kahabagan y Iniquinto is referred to in the few sources that mention her as "Henerala
Agueda". Not so much is known about her but from snatches of information available, she was
presumably a native of Sta. Cruz, Laguna. Wikipedia
Born: Laguna
Years of service: 1896–1901
Rank: Brigadier general
Service/branch: Philippine Revolutionary Army
Battles and wars: Philippine Revolution, Philippine–American War
Other names: "Henerala Agueda", "Tagalog Joan of Arc"

9. GREGORIA MONTOYA Y PATRICIO,
Gregoria Montoya y Patricio, also known as “Henerala Gregoria” is dubbed the "Joan of Arc
of Cavite" for leading a thirty-men unit against Spanish troops in Dalahican Beach, Cavite.
Montoya was born on 28 November 1863 in Batong Dalig, Barrio Tabon, Kawit, Cavite, to
Atanario Montoya and Jacoba Patricio, a farming couple.
Katipunera
Montoya was said to be a very strong woman. There are claims that she could lift one end of a
heavy wooden beam while several men had to help one another raise the other end. When the
revolution broke out in 1896, Montoya signed up with the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan. She
headed the faction in the battle of Imus, where 13 arms were captured from the enemy.
Aguinaldo ordered her to lead a team of Katipuneros to destroy a wooden bridge across the
Mabolo River, which separated Binakayan from Bacoor in order to delay the advance of General
Blanco's troop, who were determined to quell the Cavite uprising. On 10 November 1896, she
led a force of 30 Magdalo men in Noveleta, close to the beach of Dalahican. She is said to have
stood on top of a battery, one hand holding up the Katipunan flag aloft and another hand clasping
a bolo. In the ensuing battle, she was hit right in her midsection by a cannonball fired from a
Spanish navy boat off Dalahican beach but survived. Her second husband died in the same battle.

10. TERESA MAGBANUA,
Teresa Magbanua, dubbed as the "Visayan Joan of Arc" was a Filipino schoolteacher and
military leader. Wikipedia
Born: 13 October 1868, Pototan
Died: August 1947, Pagadian
Rank: Brigadier general (disputed)
Service/branch: Philippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service: 1896-1900
Other names: Nanay Isa, Nay Isa, Visayan "Joan of Arc"

11. JOSEFA LLANES ESCODA,
Josefa Llanes Escoda, also known as the "Florence Nightingale of the Philippines", is a war
heroine, great civic leader, and social worker. Wikipedia
Born: 20 September 1898, Dingras
Died: 6 January 1945, Manila
Spouse: Antonio Escoda
Parent(s): Mercedes Madamba and Gabriel Llanes
Resting place: Caloocan
Education: University of the Philippines

12. GREGORIA ÁLVAREZ DE JESÚS
Gregoria Álvarez de Jesús, also known as Aling Oriang, was the founder and vice-president of the
women's chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines. She was also the custodian of the documents and
sealof the Katipunan.
Born: 9 May 1875, Caloocan
Died: 15 March 1943, Manila
Children: Andres de Jesús Bonifacio (died in infancy); Juan Nakpil
Place of burial: Manila North Cemetery, Manila
Spouse: Julio Nakpil (m. 1898–1943), Andrés Bonifacio(m. 1893–1897)
Political party: Katipunan

13. MARINA DIZON KALIHIM
Marina was the daughter of José Dizon, one of the Thirteen Martyrs of Bagumbayan, and
Roberta Bartolomé, who died when Marina was only eight years old. After her mother's death,
her aunt, Josefa Dizon, mother of Emilio Jacinto, took care of her.
Born: 18 July 1875, Tondo
Died: 25 October 1950, Caloocan
Known for: Philippine Revolution
Parents: José Dizon, Roberta Bartolomé

14. MELCHORA AQUINO DE RAMOS
Melchora Aquino de Ramos was a Filipina revolutionary who became known as "Tandang Sora"
because of her age. She is also known as the "Grand Woman of the Revolution" and the "Mother
of Balintawak" for her contributions.
Born: 6 January 1812, Caloocan
Died: 2 March 1919, Caloocan
Spouse: Fulgencio Ramos
Buried: Manila North Cemetery, Manila
Children: Juana Ramos, Romualdo Ramos, Saturnina Ramos, Simon Ramos, Juan A.
Ramos, Estefania Ramos
Parents: Valentina Aquino, Juan Aquino