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Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna for wide band operation
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Complementary symmetric corner truncated compact square microstrip antenna for wide band operation
1.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), © IAEME ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN (IJECET) IJECET ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), pp. 99-106 ©IAEME © IAEME, http://www.iaeme.com/ijecet.html COMPLEMENTARY-SYMMETRIC CORNER TRUNCATED COMPACT SQUARE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR WIDE BAND OPERATION Kishan Singh Department of PG Studies and Research in Applied Electronics Gulbarga University Gulbarga, E-Mail: kishanskrish@gmail.com Shivasharanappa N Mulgi Department of PG Studies and Research in Applied Electronics Gulbarga University Gulbarga, E-Mail: s.mulgi@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT A novel design of complementary-symmetry V-slot corner truncated square microstrip antenna is designed for dual band operation with a gain of 8.51 dB. When arm of V-slot is extended, the antenna resonates for triple band of frequencies. Further, by adding one more arm to extended V-slot in the form of W. The triple bands are merged into a single band and antenna gives maximum 85.37% of bandwidth and maximum gain of 10.38 dB without affecting the nature of broad side radiation characteristics. Truncating the corners of square patch makes the antenna compact in its size as that of conventional square microstrip patch antenna. Details of the antenna design are presented and experimental results are discussed. The proposed antennas may find the application for the microwave communication systems operating from 6 to 18 GHz of frequencies. Keywords: complementary-symmetry, wide band, gain, truncating, compact. 1. INTRODUCTION In the recent communication era, the microstrip antennas have become one of the most dynamic fields of antenna theory. The advantages of microstrip antennas include small size, lightweight, low cost, easy to fabricate and low profile [1-3]. However, its bandwidth is limited to a few percentages, which is one of the major drawbacks. In fact, one of the popular techniques used for the enhancement of bandwidth is truncating the 99
2.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), © IAEME corners of radiating patch [4-5]. This technique also reduces the size of the patch and makes the antenna compact. The compact antennas are more useful for the portable microwave communication equipment such as global positioning satellite (GPS) receivers. Further, the compact, dual or triple band microstrip antennas are more attractive in recent microwave communication systems. When system requires operating at two or more distinct band of frequencies, dual or triple band frequency patch antennas may avoid the use of separate antennas for each operating band. Particularly these antennas are attractive for many military and commercial applications where it is desirable to have a single antenna that can be dynamically reconfigured to transmit and/or receive on multiple frequency bands. The dual and triple band microwave antennas are realized by many methods [6-9]. But in this paper a simple concept has been used in designing complementary-symmetry V-slot corner truncated square microstrip antenna to achieve dual and triple band operation. Further by controlling the arm of V-slot, the triple bands are merged into a single band and antenna gives highest bandwidth and gain. 2. DESIGNING OF ANTENNA GEOMETRY The artwork of proposed antennas is designed by using the equations available for the design of square microstrip antenna [10, 1] and is sketched using computer software Auto CAD–2006 to achieve better accuracy. The antennas are fabricated using photolithography process on low cost glass epoxy substrate material of thickness h = 3.2 mm and dielectric constant εr = 4.2. Figure 1 Geometry of VCCSMA 100
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), © IAEME Figure 1 shows the geometry of V-slot complementary-symmetry corner truncated square microstrip antenna (VCCSMA). The VCCSMA is derived from square microstrip antenna, which is designed for the resonant frequency of 9.4 GHz. The length and width of the complementary-symmetry square patch are L and W respectively. The corners of square patch is truncated by Ls= Ws= 2 mm. The VCCSMA structure is complementary- symmetry along its center axis. The complementary V-slots are having an angle of 240 between the arms. The V-slots are placed at one end of the non-radiating edges along the length of VCCSMA. The dimensions of V-slot are taken in terms of λo, where λo is the free space wavelength in cm corresponding to the designed frequency of 9.4GHz. The length and width of V-slot or complementary V-slot are taken as VL and Vw respectively. The antenna is fed by using microstripline feeding. This feeding has been selected because it is simple in design and can be simultaneously fabricated along with the antenna element. The feed arrangement consist of quarter wave matching transformer of length Lt and width Wt which is connected between microstripline feed of length Lf and width Wf. At the tip of microstripline feed a 50Ω co-axial SMA connector is used for feeding the microwave power. Figure 2 Geometry of ECCSMA Figure 3 Geometry of WCCSMA Figure 2 shows the geometry of extended V-slot complementary-symmetry corner truncated square microstrip antenna (ECCSMA). In this figure one more arm is added to V-slot of VCCSMA. The feed arrangement of this antenna remains same as that of Figure 1. Further an arm of V-slot of ECCSMA is extended. The extended slot appears in the form of W. This antenna is named as W-slot complementary-symmetry corner truncated square microstrip antenna (WCCSMA) as shown in Figure 3. The feed arrangement of this antenna remains same as that of Figure 1. Table 1 shows the list of designed parameters of the proposed antennas. 101
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), © IAEME Table 1 Design Parameters of Proposed Antennas Antenna Dimension in Parameters mm h 3.2 L 7.6 W 7.6 Wt 1.0 Lt 4.1 Wf 6.3 Lf 4.0 WS 2.0 LS 2.0 VL 2.0 VW 0.25 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Figure 4 Variation of return loss versus frequency of VCCSMA The bandwidth over return loss less than −10 dB for the proposed antennas is measured on Vector Network Analyzer (Rohde & Schwarz, Germany make ZVK model 1127.8651). The variation of return loss versus frequency of VCCSMA is as shown in Figure 4. From this figure it is seen that, the VCCSMA resonates for two bands of frequencies BW1 and BW2. The magnitude of each operating band is found to be 11.16% and 36.01% respectively which is determined by the equation, (f − f ) Bandwidth = 2 1 ×100 % (1) fc 102
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), © IAEME Figure 5 Variation of return loss versus frequency of ECCSMA Where, f1 and f2 are the lower and upper cut-off frequencies of the band respectively when its return loss becomes −10 dB and fc is the center frequency between f1 and f2. The obtained dual bands are due to the fundamental resonance of the patch and combined effect of complementary V-slots as they resonate near to the patch resonance [11]. When arm of V-slot is extended i.e. ECCSMA, the antenna resonates for triple band of frequencies BW3, BW4 and BW5 with a magnitude of 11.30%, 42.51% and 8.70% respectively. The variation of return loss versus frequency of this antenna is as shown in Figure 5. From this figure it is clear that the bandwidth BW3 remains closely same as that of BW1 as shown in Figure 4, but BW4 increases to 42.51% which is 18.02% more when compared to BW2 as shown in Figure 5. The appearance of BW5 is due to extension of V- slot, which resonates independently in ECCSMA [12]. Figure 6 Variation of return loss versus frequency of WCCSMA The variation of return loss versus frequency of WCCSMA is as shown in Figure 6. From this figure it is seen that the antenna resonates for single band of frequency BW6 103
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), © IAEME and gives maximum 85.37% of bandwidth. The merging of all three bands BW3, BW4 and BW5 as shown in Figure 5 into BW6 in WCCSMA is due to combined resonance effect of radiating element and slots that resonates very close to the patch resonance [12]. The slot can be either resonant or non-resonant if it is resonant the current along the edges of the slot introduces an additional resonance, which adds to the fundamental resonance of radiating element, causing merging of nearby bands and hence enhancement in the bandwidth [11, 13] which is evident from Figure 6. The gain of the proposed antennas is measured by absolute gain method. The power transmitted ‘Pt’ by pyramidal horn antenna and power received ‘Pr’ by antenna under test (AUT) are measured independently. With the help of these experimental data, the gain (G) dB of AUT is calculated by using, P λ (G) dB=10 log r - (G t ) dB - 20log 0 dB (2) Pt 4πR Where, Gt is the gain of the pyramidal horn antenna and R is the distance between the transmitting antenna and the AUT. Using equation (2), the maximum gain of the proposed antennas measured in their operating bands BW1, BW4 and BW6 are found to be 8.51 dB, 9.25 dB and 10.38 dB respectively. Hence it is clear that WCCSMA gives highest gain when compared to VCCSMA and ECCSMA. Figure 7 Radiation Pattern of VCCSMA measured at 8.53 GHz Figure 7-9 shows the typical co-polar and cross-polar radiation pattern of VCCSMA, ECCSMA and WCCSMA respectively measured at their operating bands. From these figures it is clear that, the patterns are broadsided and linearly polarized. Hence it is seen that the WCCSMA show the nature of radiation pattern same as that of VCCSMA and ECCSMA in spite of enhancement in the impedance bandwidth and gain. 104
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International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), © IAEME Figure 8 Radiation Pattern of ECCSMA measured at 13.07 GHz Figure 9 Radiation Pattern of WCCSMA measured at 12 GHz 4. CONCLUSION From the detailed experimental study, it is concluded that, the dual band operation obtained from VCCSMA can be converted into triple bands by extending the arm of V- slot. Further, extending V-slot in the form of W-slot i.e. WCCSMA, the triple band operation is converted into single band and antenna gives maximum 85.37 % of bandwidth and 10.38 dB of gain without changing the nature of radiation characteristics. The proposed antennas are simple in their design and fabrication and they use low cost glass substrate material. These antennas may find the application in the microwave communication systems operating from 6 to 18 GHz of frequencies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the authorities of Dept. of Sci. & Tech. (DST), Govt. of India, New Delhi, for sanctioning the Network Analyzer under the FIST project to the Department of Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. REFRENCES 1 Balanis C. A. (1982), Antenna theory analysis and design, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2 Kin-Lu Wong, Compact and Broad band microstrip Antennas, A Wiley-Inter Science Publication John Wiley & Sons. Inc. 105
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Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, Sep - Oct (2010), © IAEME 3 Garg Ramesh, Bhatia Prakesh, Bahl Inder and Boon Apisakittir (2001), Microstrip Antennas Design Hand Book, Artech House Inc. 4 Jeong Gye-Tack, Kim Woo-Soo and Kwak Kyung-Sup (2006), “Design of corner truncated square-spiral microstrip patch antenna in the 5Ghz band,” Microwave Opto Technol Letts, Vol. 48, pp. 529-532. 5 Chen Wen-Shyang, Kunwu-Chun and Wong Kin-Lu (2001), “Novel compact circularly polarized square microstrip antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antenna Propag, Vol.49, pp.340-342. 6 Selvarani M. and Gunasekaran N. (2010), “Dual band L-Probe Fed Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Parasitic Element,” Journal of Mobile Communication, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 60-63. 7 S. Chakrabarti. (2009), “Dual frequency planar microstrip antenna,” Applied Electronics Conference, pp. 1-4. 8 Alkanhal. M. A. S. (2009), “Composite compact Triple-band microstrip antennas,” Progress in Electromagnetic Research, Vol. 93, pp. 221-236. 9 Row Jeen-Sheen (2003), “Triple-band microstrip patch antenna”, Microwave Opto Technol Letts, Vol. 38, pp. 120-123. 10 J D Kraus John (2006), Antennas for all applications, Tata McGraw-hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 11 Rafi Gh. Z. and L Shafai. (2004), “Wideband V-slotted diamond–shaped microstrip patch antenna,” Electron. Lett., Vol. 40, pp-1166-1167. 12 Kumar G. and Ray K. P. (2003), Broad band microstrip antennas, Artech House, Boston, London, pp. 152-157. 13 Chakraborty Samik., Gupta Bhaskar, and Poddar D. R. (2005) “Development of closed form formulae for aperture coupled microstrip antenna,” Journal of Science and Industrial Research, Vol. 40, pp. 482-486. 106
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