The document discusses the past perfect tense and how it is used to describe actions that occurred before other past actions. Specifically, it notes that the past perfect expresses an action that took place before another action in the past. It provides examples of using time expressions like "before", "after", "by the time", and "as soon as" with the past perfect tense. It also explains that the structure of the past perfect tense involves using had plus the past participle of the main verb.

2. I had eaten myI had eaten my
breakfast before Ibreakfast before I
went to schoolwent to school..

3.  II had eatenhad eaten breakfastbreakfast
beforebefore
I went to school .I went to school .

4. How do we use the Past PerfectHow do we use the Past Perfect
TenseTense??
 The past perfectThe past perfect tense expressestense expresses
action in theaction in the pastpast before another actionbefore another action
in thein the pastpast. This is the. This is the past in thepast in the
pastpast..
EXAMPLE :EXAMPLE :
 The train left at 9am. We arrived atThe train left at 9am. We arrived at
9.15am. When we arrived, the train9.15am. When we arrived, the train hadhad
leftleft..

5. The Past PerfectThe Past Perfect
The Titanic had received many warnings before it
hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to
visit.
had received
had eaten
it hit
my friend stopped by

6.  To talk about a past action that ended before another action orTo talk about a past action that ended before another action or
time in the past, we use before and after. We use the simpletime in the past, we use before and after. We use the simple
past too.past too.
The film had started before we arrivedThe film had started before we arrived
 We also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past actionWe also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past action
I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night beforeI was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before
 With time expressions such asWith time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as,when, after, before, as soon as,
by the time, byby the time, by andand untiluntil
By the time I got home, my mother had already prepared dinnerBy the time I got home, my mother had already prepared dinner

7. Simple Past TenseSimple Past Tense
He came to my house.He came to my house.
Past PerfectPast Perfect
TenseTense
Chapter 11
I had already left.I had already left.
He came to my houseHe came to my house
afterafter
II hadhad alreadyalready leftleft..

8. Simple Past TenseSimple Past Tense
Past PerfectPast Perfect
Chapter 11
He came to my houseHe came to my house
afterafter I had already left.I had already left.
This action
This action
takes place
takes place
farther back in
farther back in
the past
the past..

9. Simple PastSimple Past
TenseTense
He came to my house.He came to my house.
Past PerfectPast Perfect
Chapter 11
I had already left.I had already left.
He came to my houseHe came to my house
afterafter I had already left.I had already left.

10. Look at thisLook at this
exampleexample..
he made ahe made a
telephone calltelephone call..
After he had taken
his music lesson,

11. ad Ali done beforead Ali done before
he went fishinghe went fishing??
before he wentbefore he went
fishingfishing..
Ali had repaired
his car

12. The key wordsThe key words
of this tenseof this tense
areare::after
as soon as , Past simple
{had+PP}

13. The key wordsThe key words
of this tenseof this tense
areare::before
By the time
{past simple}+ Had+PP

14. Make similar sentences using after and before.
Finish work-watch TV
After I had finished
work , I watched TV
Before I watched TV , I
had finished my work.

15. Make similar sentences using by the time and as
soon as
Eat breakfast-go to school
By the time I went to school,I
had eaten my breakfast.
As soon as I had eaten my
breakfast, I went to school

16. Make similar sentences using by the time and as
soon as
Police arrive-thief escape
By the time the police arrived,
the thief had escaped.
As soon as the thief had
escaped , the police arrived.

17. So it is correct to saySo it is correct to say::
After he had finished theAfter he had finished the
meeting , he made ameeting , he made a
telephone calltelephone call..
Before he made a telephone
call , he had finished the
meeting.

18. The structure of the pastThe structure of the past
perfect tense isperfect tense is::
subjectsubject auxiliaryauxiliary
verbverb
main verbmain verb
++ II hadhad finishedfinished my workmy work..
++ YouYou hadhad stoppedstopped beforebefore
meme..
-- SheShe hadhad notnot gonegone to schoolto school..
-- WeWe hadhad notnot leftleft..
?? HadHad youyou arrivedarrived??
?? HadHad theythey eateneaten dinnerdinner??