Understanding waves
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The document discusses waves, including the meaning of wave motion, different types of waves such as transverse and longitudinal waves, and properties of waves like amplitude, period, frequency, wavelength, and wave speed. It provides examples of water, sound, and light waves and compares their characteristics. Key terms are defined, such as wavefronts and how they relate to the direction of wave propagation. The document also covers topics like loudness and amplitude, pitch and frequency, damping, and resonance.
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Understanding waves
- 3. CONTENT • Meaning of wave motion • Transverse and Longitudinal waves • Description of water, sound and light waves • Wavefront (what it is) • How wavefronts relate to the direction of wave propagation • • • • Amplitude Period Frequency Wavelength Wave speed Loudness and amplitude Pitch and frequency Damping Resonance
- 4. WAVE MOTION A TYPE OF DISTURBANCE • produced by an oscillating or vibrating motion in which • A point or body moves back and forth • along a line about a fixed central point produces waves.
- 5. Waves transfer energy without transferring matter 2 types of waves: • Transverse waves • Longitudinal waves
- 6. TRANSVERSE WAVE • WAVE in which the vibration of particles in the medium is perpendicular to the • direction of propagation of the wave • (water waves, light waves, electromagnetic waves)
- 8. Longitudinal waves • WAVE in which the vibration of particles in the medium is parallel to the direction of • propagation of the wave • (sound waves, ultrasound)
- 9. • Higher speed • Longitudinal • Transmitting medium is all substances • The denser the medium the greater the speed • A LOW FREQUENCY CAUSESA LOW NOTE; A HIGHFREQUENCY, A HIGH NOTE LIGHT WAVES • Low speed • Transverse • Transmitting medium is all substances SOUND WAVES WATER WAVES COMPARING WATER, SOUND & LIGHT WAVES • Highest speed • transverse • Transmitting medium is all substances EXCEPT opaque object • The denser the medium the slower the speed • A LOW FREQUENCY CAUSES RED LIGHT; A HIGHFREQUENCY, VIOLET LIGHT
- 11. Name the sections of the water ripple tank lampu Tangki riak Gelombang air wavefront penggelek Skrin putih Image of wavefront
- 12. Diagram shows how the wave fronts are obtained. Light shining on a ripple tank will cast dark and bright spots on paper/ screen To diagram
- 13. How wavefronts relate to the direction of wave propagation Muka gelombang Muka gelombang Arah perambantan Muka gelombang Arah perambantan Arah perambantan Rajah (i) Rajah (ii) Rajah (ii) Merujukkan Rajah (i),(ii) dan (iii), apakah yang boleh dikatakan tentang arah perambatan gelombang dan muka gelombang ? Jwp.: arah perambatan gelombang sentiasa bersudut tepat kepada muka gelombang.
- 14. KNOWING WAVE...
- 16. Activity 1 : Topic and Glossary Topic Waves English Wave Wave front Propagation Transverse Longitudinal Reflection Bahasa Malaysia Gelombang Muka gelombang Perambatan Gelombang melintang Gelombang membujur Pantulan
- 17. Amplitude Frequency Longitudinal wave Period Wave length Crest Trough Ripple tank Transverse wave
- 18. Activity 2 : Glossary – Sentence Topic : Waves No Glossaries Meaning 1 Amplitude The maximum displacement from a particle from rest position 2 Frequency The number of complete oscillation per second 3 Longitudinal wave Wave which travels in a direction parallel to the direction of vibration 4 Period Time taken to complete oscillation 5 Wave length The distance between two consecutive crest 6 Crest The maximum point of the wave 7 Trough The minimum point of the wave 8 Ripple tank An instrument to show water wave phenomenon 9 Transverse wave Waves which travel in a direction perpendicular to the direction of vibration
- 19. LOUDNESS AND AMPLITUDE AMPLITUDE: The relative strength of a sound wave, or how much change in pressure occurs. LOUDNESS: The human perception of amplitude. Depends on the amplitude (or size) of the vibration.
- 20. PITCH AND FREQUENCY The pitch of the sound depends on the frequency of the vibration
- 22. DAMPING DECREASE in the amplitude of an oscillating system is called damping. (Internal damping: extension and compression of molecules External damping: frictional force/ air resistance) a↓;f=
- 24. RESONANCE Def. 1: Resonance occurs when a system is made to oscillate at a frequency equivalent to its natural frequency by an external force. The resonating system oscillates at its maximum amplitude. Def. 2: resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequenciesthan at others.
- 25. Cont. … RESONANCE natural frequency is the rate at which an object vibrates when it is not disturbed by an outside force Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are known as the system's resonant frequencies, or resonance frequencies. At these frequencies, even small periodic driving forces can produce large amplitude oscillations, because the system stores vibrational energy. Example