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2. THE PANCREAS

8. C. Lack of Effect of Insulin on Glucose Uptake and Usage by the Brain

11. 3. Effect of Insulin on Protein Metabolism A. INSULIN PROMOTES PROTEIN Synthesis and Storage a. stimulates transport of amino acids into the cells ( valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine ) b. increases the translation of messenger RNA, forming new proteins c. increases the rate of transcription of DNA genetic sequences in cell nuclei d. inhibits catabolism of proteins e. depresses the rate of gluconeogenesis

13. MECHANISMS OF INSULIN SECRETION

16. CONTROL OF INSULIN SECRETION 1. Increased Blood Glucose Stimulates Insulin secretion

25. “ The Principal Role of Somatostatin” is to extend the period of time over which the food nutrients are assimilated into the blood

28. DIABETES MELLITUS It is a syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by either insulin lack or decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin

29. Types of Diabetes Mellitus: 1. Type 1 Diabetes - also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is caused by lack of insulin secretion. 2. Type II Diabetes – also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) , is caused by decreased sensitivity of target tissues to insulin. This reduced sensitivity to insulin is often referred to as insulin resistance

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