its About Non Fish Aquatic Resouces not including Fishes.

1. Non-Fish Aquatic Resources
(Invertebrates Animals)

2. Aquatic animals are presented by the following
phylum:
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Coelenterata
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Reptilia

3. PHYLUM PORIFERA

4. Classes of Porifera
Class Calcarea (Syphas)
Class Hexactinellida ( Glass Sponges)
Class Demospongia (Neptune’s Goblets and
Bath Sponges)
Class Sclerospongia (Coralline Sponges)

5. Poriferans are non-fish aquatic resources
represented by sponges.
Sponges
•Are the simplest many celled animals with two cell
layers usually supported by calcareous or siliceous
spicules.
•They hermaphroditic animals and multiply by
fertilizing their own eggs.

6. • The eggs develops into minute larvae capable
of swimming for a short period of time. Later,
the larvae attach themselves to submerged
rocks, stones, shells and seaweeds.
• They grow together with neighboring sponges
of the same species and reproduce by
generation.

7. •They vary in color from orange, brown, purple,
ivory white, yellow to black or red.
•The skeleton of commercial sponges species
are composed of sponging tissue and contains
no siliceous spicules.
•There are five species of commercially useful
sponges found in the Philippines waters.

8. •These are the following commercially useful
sponges.
1.Wool Sponge
2.Bath Sponge
3.Grass Sponge
4.Yellow Sponge
5.Velvet Sponge

9. Wool Sponge
looks like an inverted pineapple, but has a
regular outline and is voluminous in form. It is
soft and absorbent and grows to a size of 18
inches in diameter or more.

10. Wool Sponge ( Hippospongia lachne )

11. Bath Sponge
relatively large and cake shaped. It is less
durable, less resilient and easily loses elasticity.

12. Bath Sponge ( Spongia officinalis )

13. Grass Sponge
grows to a size as large as that of the wool
sponge and bath sponge. It is a dirty brown in
color, highly resilient, elastic and softer in
texture.

14. Grass Sponge ( Spongia graminea )

15. Yellow Sponge
is attractive in appearance due to its yellow or
yellowish-brown color. It has most elastic and
resilient body among the five sponges of
commercial value.

16. Yellow Sponge ( Aplysina fisturalis )

17. Velvet Sponge
is a spherical in shape, smooth, soft to touch
fine and durable. This sponge can absorb and
retain a large volume of water in its body.

18. Velvet Sponge ( Spongia Velveta )

19. Sponges are easy to collect either by dredging,
diving, harpooning, hooking, trawling or by
wading.
Uses of Sponges
 bath and toilet purposes
 cleaning
 decoration
 furniture purposes
 industrial purposes
mattress

20.  padding dresses
 pillow
 washing dishes
 washing vehicles
Likewise bank tellers, jewelers and leather
workers use sponges for a specific purposes.

21. Parts of a Sponge
and their functions

23. Choanocytes - are specialized cell that use
flagella to move a steady current of water
through the sponge.
Osculum - a large hole at the top of the
sponge where the water pass through.
Spicules - a spike-shaped structure made of
chalklike calcium carbonate or glasslike silica.
Archaeocytes - specialized cells that move
around within the walls of the sponge.

24. PHYLUM
COELENTERATES

25. Coelenterates sometimes referred to as
(cnidarians) are non-fish aquatic marine
resources represented by coral, sea anemone,
jelly fish and hydra.
•Cnidarians belong to three classes namely:
1.Hydrozoa
2.Anthozoa
3.Scyphozoa

27. • Generally, coelenterates have no anus to
discharges waste matter from the digestive
system. Instead, the waste matter are
excreted through their mouth.

28. Parts of Cnidarians
and their Examples

31. Corals are classified as cnidarians under class
anthozoa and are predominantly colonial
marine organisms.
•Aside from being substrates of mirco-algae,
which serve as food to young animals, coral
have no known food use to man. However, coral
reefs serve as habitat for young fishes and
sanctuary to various fish species.

32. •Corals are among the slow growing organisms,
only accumulating a few millimeters in length
annually.
•Among the corals found in the Philippine
marine water are the brain coral (maendra
cerebrum), mushroom coral (fungia), star coral
(astrea), staghorn coral, rock coral, oragan pipe
and black corals (branches and unbranched).

33. Pillar Coral ( Dendrogyra cylindricus )

34. Uses of Corals
1.Decorations
2.Reefs, atolls and island formation
3.Personal adornment
4.Jewelry
5.Medicine

35. Sea Anemone belong to class anthozoa. The
animal flower like polyps which are cylindrical In
form with the mouth and surrounding tentacles
located at one end.
•They are attached to rocks, piles, or shells of
hermit crabs. Many species grow large, reaching
36 inches in diameter.
•Sea anemone are widely distributed in the
waters of Visayas and Sulu where they are made
into decorative items and jewelry.

36. Sea Anemone

37. Jelly fish is a scyphozoan, it is free swimming
with a transparent, bell shaped, watery body
that bears tentacles.
•It is treated as apart of the floating plankton
simply because it swims slowly, dictated by its
rhythmical muscular contractions.
•It feeds on zooplanktons which are taken in
through a mouth opening on the lower side of
the body.

38. • Jellyfish is dried, flavored and used for food. In
parts of Mindanao, such as Dipolog City and
Zamboanga del Norte, fisherfolks eat jellyfish
in pickled form in Catbalogan and Western
Samar. Jellyfish is salted in concrete tanks and
sold as food items in local markets.

39. Purple striped jelly ( Pelagia panopyra )

40. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA

41. In the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific,
Mollusks are easily abundant, colorful, beautiful,
expensive (e.g. Conus Gloria Maris) and varied
among the marine animals. The seashells, the
more popular representative of mollusks, are
often gathered along beaches cast ashore
following a strong water movement.
Mollusks are classified into three types:
1.Gastrropods
2.Cephalopods
3.Pelecypods

42. • are invertebrates animals with a soft,
unsegment body usually enclosed in a
calcareous shell.
• they includes the most and conspicuous and
familiar animals such as clams, oysters, squids,
octopus and snails.
• they constitute the second largest phylum
(next to arthropods) with over 50,000 known
living species.
• their most distinctive features include a
muscular foot, a calcareous shell and a
feeding organ (radula).

44. Parts of a Mollusca
and their functions

46. • body bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented
and coelomate differentiated into a head-
foot and a visceral mass
• visceral mass covered by mantle that
secretes a calcareous or sometimes
chitinous shell
• mantle cavity functions in excretion, gas
exchange, elimination of feces and release
of gametes
• coelom reduced to cavities containing the
heart, nephridia and gonads

47. • blood-vascular system commonly a hemocoel
(open type), closed type in one class
(Cephalopoda)
• radula usually present and used in scraping food
(absent in one class, the Bivalvia)
• respiratory organs are gills (termed ctenidia) in
aquatic forms, lung in terrestrial forms
• sense organs typically tentacles, eyes, statocysts
and one or two osphradia in the mantle cavity

48. Gastropods are univalves shellfish. They are
found inhabiting all the ocean of the world.
Their ability to swim or crawl is due to the well
developed muscular foot.
•They feed on algae and other microscopic
animals/zooplanktons. Their simple eyes barely
help in identifying light from the dark colors and
are unable to distinguish sizes and shapes. The
shell is composed of lime materials secreted by
the mantle.

49. • Univalve shellfish are gathered mostly by
dredging. Theirs shells are made into variety
of beautiful items from necklace, earrings, bar
pins/brooch, ash tray, flower vase, picture
frame, key holder, button, wall décor to
curtain drapery and others.
• Somes examples of gastropods are triton,
conch, snail, cowrie etc.

50. Common Snail ( Cornu aspersum )

51. Cephalopods are represented by squid,
cuttlefish and octopus. These are the most
developed mollusks with a head partly
surrounded by prehensile tentacles and with
highly developed camera types eyes.
Squid and cuttlefish have 10 tentacles and a
shell inside.

52. European Squids ( Loligo vulgaris )

53. Cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis )

54. Giant Squid ( Architeuthis physeteris )

55. Octopus ( Octopus vulgaris )

56. Octupos, a mollusks under class cephalopoda,
has no shell. It has eight tentacles, from which
its generic nomenclature is derived. It moves by
swimming, made possible by jet propulsion
process or by its fleshy fins on the sides of its
body.
•It is highly carnivorous, feeding mostly on
crustaceans, small fish and other mollusks
species.

57. •Commercial fisherman in the Philippines use
bagnet, beach seine, purse seine, otter trawl
and round haul seine to catch squid.
•Meanwhie, substance fisherman use jiggers
(shrimp-type, mold-type and cylindrical type) in
catching squids.

58. Pelecypods or bivalve ( two shelled). They have
two calcareous shells that are held tightly
together by strong adductor muscles that
produce scars on the interior surfaces.
•If the two shells are similar with each other,
the valve is said to be equivalve ; otherwise, it is
inequivalve.
•Examples of equivalve are mussels and pens
and inequivalve are oysters and window pane
shells or kapis.

59. • The bivalve shellfish burrows in the sea
bottom and feeds on phytoplankton and zoo
planktons organisms. The shellfish is
harvested by dredging and digging.
• The shells are also made into different shell
craft items like lampshades, chandelier, wind
chimes, plate saucer, ash tray, picture frame,
figurine and many other products.

60. •Some common bivalves found in the Philippines
marine water are mussel, scallop, telling clam,
lucine, cockle, pen pearl oyster, jack knife calm,
surf clam, bittersweet, ark shell, venus clam,
thorny oyster and paddock.

61. Parts of Bivalve

63. Clams

64. Zebra mussel
Dreissena polymorpha

65. Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis )

66. Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas )

67. Phylum Arthropoda

68. Arthropods
•hard exoskeleton, segmented bodies, jointed
appendages
•arthropods are the most successful of all animal
phyla based on diversity, distribution, and numbers
•nearly one million species identified so far, mostly
insects.
•the exoskeleton, or cuticle, is composed of protein
and chitin.

69. •molting of the cuticle is called ecdysis
•open circulatory systems in which a heart
pumps hemolymph through short arteries and
into open spaces (sinuses)
•aquatic members- gills for gas exchange;
terrestrial members- tracheal system of
branched tubes leading from surface
throughout body.

70. Four evolutionary arthropod lineages
a. Trilobites – extinct
b. Chelicerates – horseshoe crabs, spiders
c. Uniramians – centipedes, millipedes, insects
d. Crustaceans – crabs, lobsters, barnacles
From these lineages arose five major classes of
arthropods.

72. Crustaceans
•get their name from “crusty” exoskeleton
•are represented by shrimps, prawns, crabs and
lobster.
•they belong to the principal group of Decapods,
meaning “ having 10 feet “.
•they have compound eyes and their bodies are
joined to the thoracic segment
•Shrimps and prawns have long abdomen and
their bodies are compressed from side to side

73. • These are important components of food
webs and serve a s human food also.
• Their body is divided into about twenty
segments each of which bears paired
specialized appendages including antennae,
mandibles, maxillae, grasping claws and legs
• The segmentation may be partially hidden in
some segments because of a smooth covering
carapace

74. Crab ( Carcinus maenas )

75. Mudcrab ( Sylla Serrta )

76. Mudcrab ( Sylla tranquebarica )

77. Mudcrab ( Sylla olivacea )

78. Lobster ( Homarus gammarus )

79. Prawn ( Peneaus monodon )

80. Brown Shrimp ( Litopeneaus setiferus )

81. Crayfish ( Orconectus rusticus )

82. PHYLUM
ECHINODERMATA

83. Echinoderms, considered among the
country’s valuable marine products, grow
abundantly in the marine water.
•Some of the echinoderms found in the
Philippines are holothurians or ( se urchins,
starfishes, seacucumber and brittle star.
•The seacucumbers are most commercially
valuable and the brittle stars have the least
use to man.

84. •Spiny-skinned animals
•Biradial, but apparently radial symmetry as
adult (the larval stage having bilateral
symmetry)
•An endoskeleton of mesodermal origin
•A unique water vascular system that functions
as an accessory to locomotion, feeding and
excretion

85. •Echinoderms have well developed alimentary
canal which has both mouth and anus.
•Their combined respiratory and locomotory
systems form a complex structure called water
vascular system
•This consists of a ring vessels about the mouth,
where a number of tubes radiate to what after
known as amubulacral areas in each ray

86. Classes of Echinoderms
Class Asteroidea (Sea Stars)
Class Echinoidea (Sea Urchins, Hearts Urchins
and Sand Dollars)
Class Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers )

87. Living Echinoderms exist in four basic forms:
starlike (sea stars, brittle stars, crinoids)
spherical (sea urchins, heart urchins)
cylindrical (sea cucumbers)

88. Starfish ( Asterias rubeus )

89. Sea Star
•Formerly known as “starfishes”, are members
of the class Asteroidae, forms having five arms
arranged in a vaguely central disk
•Aboral Aspect: has five strong, triangular arms
and a few thick spines or tubercles, the numbers
and form of which vary considerably; the
mandreporite, a calcareous porous plate
situated between the two rays or arms.

90. • The madreporite serves as a pressures
equalizers in the water vascular system
• Oral Aspect: the mouth lies at the center of
the disk, from which radiate the five
ambulacral grooves, each grove contain two
rows of tube feet or podia; the podia are the
main parts of the water-vascular system

92. (Brittle star Ophilithrix fragilis )

93. Sea Urchins ( Echinus esculentus )

94. Sea Urchin
•Are members of the class Echinodea, animals with
globose or subglobose body form
•Their body form is defined by an skeleton called
test
•One side of the test has a large opening which is
termed as the oral pole; the intact side is termed as
the aboral pole

95. •The skeleton consists of a number of plates of
which there are two types : the rows that contain
tiny double holes are the ambulacral plates and the
alternating rows are the interambulacral plates
•The madreporite can be recognized as an array of
tiny perforations in one of the genital plates
•Alternating with the genital plates and in line with
the ambulacra are the smaller ocular plates

96. • The tuberculus are bumps found in some
plates,the tubercles form ball and socket
joints with the spines
• The mouth is an opening that is encircled
by the peristomial membrane; the mouth
contains five teeth which are parts of the
Aristotle lantern within.

97. • The lantern is a chewing apparatus that
can be proctated form the mouth,it
consist of about 35 ossicles and attached
muscles
• Oral tube feet or buccal podia
surrounding the mouth manipulate food
• The peristomial gills are small frilly
structures that are outpockets of the
body wall lined with ciliated epithelium

98. Sea cucumber ( Holuthoria atra )

99. Sea Cucumber
•Sea cucumber is a sausage like holothurians that has a
rubbery body without bony skeleton and contains a
few scattered and calcareous supporting elements
called Ossicles.
•Sea cucumber or holothuroids have departed
considerably from the typical echinoderms body
form,yet their internal structures reveals the
echinoderms body plan.

100. • Sea cucumber have elongated,worm
shaped bodies having a symmetry that is
distincly biradial
• Sea cucumbers lack arms,the body is
oriented longitudinally against the
subtrate with the mouth at the anterior
end and the anus at the opposite or
posterior end

101. • The tube feet are sometimes confined only to a
permanent ventral side which is then termed the
sole.
• Some species of sea cucumber have Cuvierian
tubules structures with strongly adhesive
properties that are shot out through the anus
when the animal is distributed, they serve as
defense mechanism.

102. • The french serve them as “ beches-de-
mer” (meaning ,sea spades on account
of their habit of swallowing sediments.
• The malays call them “trepang” which
the chinese add in some of their dishes.

103. Uses of Echinoderms
Food
Decorations
Medicines
•As stated earlier, among the echinoderms
representative, sea cucumbers have the highest
commercial values.

104. PHYLUM REPTILIA

105. Animals under this Phylum have dry skin with
scales. They breathe through their lungs. The
eggs are enclosed in a shell and are fertilized
internally. Some species of reptiles are
viviparous ( live-bearing) , which means that the
embryo is protected and nourished within the
uterus.

106. • Exotic foods are prepared out of turtles and
snake meats, but it is leathery skin or hide sea
snakes that are made into belts, wallets and
other accessories.
• Turtle carapace are shelacked and sold as
decor.
• Sea snakes inhabiting mangrove or brakish
habitats are in demand for their striped skin
which is used for leather products.

107. • Gall bladder or spleen of certain snake species
are believed medicinal and its meat is
considered an aphrosdisiac.
• In the Philippines, marine reptiles include
turtles, crocodile and snake.
• Reptiles are among the endangered animals in
our country.

108. Turtles ( Order Chelonia )
•The five living genera of marine turtles
inhabiting the warm seas of the worlds are well
represented in the Philippines.
•They lay eggs in sandy shores and after the
young's hatched, they find their way to the sea.
•Those that survive from predators grow and
develop into matured animals by adapting to
marine condition.

109. • Turtles, both marine and fresh water species,
are among the threatened animals in the
Philippines.
• These are the following genera:
1.Leatherback Turtle ( omnivorous )
2.Green Turtle ( herbivorous )
3.Hawskbill Turtle (omnivorous )
4.Laggerhead Turtle ( carnivorous )
5.Ridley Turtle ( carnivorous and feeds on crabs
and mollusks )

110. Leatherback Turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea )

111. Green Turtle ( Chelonia mydas )

112. Hawksbill Turtle ( Erythromochelys imbricate )

113. Laggerhead Turtle ( Caultta caretta )

114. Ridley Turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea )

115. Crocodile ( Order Crocodylia )
•This animal has one marine species (Crocodylus
porosus) that lives in the Indo- Pacific waters.
•Its body is six meters long on average. One of
the longest crocodiles with a recorded length of
nine meters was reported in the Philippines.

116. • Adults of about three meters long are already
considered dangerous and can feed on
mammals.
• Female crocodiles crawl out from the sea and
lay 25-60 eggs on land.
• Once hatched, young crocodile feed on water
beetles and fish, but later make their way to
the aquatic habitat.

117. Common Crocodile ( Crocodylus porosus )

118. Sea Snake ( Order Squamata )
•These approximately 16 genera of Sea Snake in
the Indo-Pacific Region.
•Pelanus platurus, supporting a yellow-belly is
considered widely distributed because of its
ability to cross oceans.
•In the Philippines, black and white striped or
banded Sea Snake (Lapicauda sp.), live in
estaurine, brackish water and mangrove
swamps.

119. • They are attracted by light at night and pose a
danger to fisherfolks catching fish using light.
Also, incidence of deaths due to snakebites
have been reported among the fisherman
catching fish using hand-driven nets at night in
brackish water.

120. Sea Snake ( Enhydrina schistosa )

121. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIVELY LISTENING
AND GODBLESS US!