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Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Communication Systems
1.
Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Communication
Systems Created by: Michael Koenigsmann Application Specialist Digital & Photonic Test Division May 18th 2015 © 2015 Keysight Technologies Presented by: Rodrigo Vicentini Applications Engineering Manager Latin America Region
2.
Agenda • Market and
Technology Trends • Coherent Measurement Challenges • Typical Tests in Coherent Transmission Systems • Typical Impairment Emulation in the electrical Domain • Tools to generate signals for Coherent Optical Applications • References
3.
Market and Technology
Trends Drivers for higher Datarates
4.
Page 4 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems Market and Technology Trends Big Data Demand drives Technology Changes Challenges: • Transmission demand exceeds system capacity • Cost-effective increase of capacity • Pressure to release new technology on time To maximize transmission within Phy layer, combine & optimize all dimensions for efficiency, cost, power, reach, reliabiliy etc. • Mobile apps and services, • high resolution devices, • Internet of Things drive high speed I/O, network and data center traffic Modulation SymbolRate Multi level signaling in digital links, e.g. C-Phy, PAMx Parallel lines, subcarrier density Polarization Mux, OFDM, DMT Amplitude & Phase modulation in optical links e.g. QPSK, QAMx Maximize Bits per Symbol Increase Symbol Rate 32 GBd and beyond Nyquist fs > 2 x fmax Rule of thumb: sampling rate = 2.5x Signal BW Maximize # of carriers By 2020 there will be around 20 Billion devices connected to the Internet © 2015 Keysight Technologies
5.
Page Maximize Transmission within
Physical Layer Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems Different techniques… Motivation Higher Order Modulation Formats OFDM From OOK to Coherent Detection Time-Domain Pulse Shaping Polarization Division Multiplex 4 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
6.
Page Application Requirements Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems 6 Coherent Optical Communication • Requirements for a test instrument: • Flexibilty to address different modulation schemes • Clean signal to test your device and not your instrument • Bandwidth at least 20 GHz • 4 sychronized channels to support dual polarization (= 2 pairs of I/Q signal) QPSK QAM128 OFDM Need higher data throughput: 100 G 400 G 1 Tbit/s © 2015 Keysight Technologies
7.
Page Emulate Optical Distortions
in the Electrical Space 7 Pattern Gen RefTx or golden Line Card Error Detector Network or Test Bed DUT (100/400G Rx) AWG DUT (DSP) ADC ADC ADC ADC Digital Coherent Receiver DSP Test Error Detector DUT (100/400G Tx) AWG - or - Traditional setup Test setup with AWG Deterministic and precise testing with complex impairments e.g. Phase Noise, OSNR, Polarization, PMD Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems OSNR Gen. DUT (100/400G Rx) AWG Error Detector E/O - or - © 2015 Keysight Technologies
8.
Page AWG’s in Coherent
Optical Applications – Endless modulation formats for higher data throughput – Generates clean signals at 32 GBd and beyond – Provides 4 independent analog outputs for dual-polarization optical applications • Uses out of the box and in-situ calibration to achieve a clean signal at the device under test • Emulate optical distortions in the electrical space 8 Cost-effective increase in capacity 16 QAM at 32 GBd with < 4% EVM QPSK Signal with added phase noise; emulating a 2 MHz laser line width Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems Optical Modulation Generator TooI © 2015 Keysight Technologies
9.
Coherent Measurement Challenges •
Clean Signal generation (electrical & optical) • Clean Signal at defined test points • High datarates 32 GBd and beyond • Accurate and Repeatable Test Signals • Distortion Emulation • Flexible Modulation Formats
10.
Page Accurate and Repeatable
Test Results Out-of-the-box calibration ensures clean signal at the frontpanel connector In-situ calibration – extend clean signal to the receiver test point • S-Parameters of channel are embedded or de-embedded • Frequency/Phase response is measured in-system and then de-embedded 11 QPSK, 32 GBd PRBS 6 Gbit/s Without correction With correction Without correction With correction Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems © 2015 Keysight Technologies
11.
Page Out-of-the Box Calibration
& In-situ calibration Pre-distortion techniques for frequency and phase response compensation 12 AWG Optionally: optimize the second I/Q pair at the same time Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems or iqtools Optical Modulation SW phase and frequency response data I/Q I/Q Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) software to determine frequency and phase response Infiniium Series Oscilloscope © 2015 Keysight Technologies
12.
Page In-situ-calibration 13 End-to-end equalization Measure frequency/phase
response as determined by the coherent receiver End-to-end calibration of the whole transmission system This includes the characteristic of the receiver as well ! Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems M8195A I Y-Polarization Q I Q X-Polarization π/2 π/2 Tunable Laser N4391A or N4392A AWG MZMAmplifiers Coherent Receiver Optional Fiber & Optical Amplifiers Optical Modulation Generator Tool phase and frequency response data © 2015 Keysight Technologies
13.
Typical Tests in Coherent
Transmissions © 2015 Keysight Technologies
14.
Page 15 Test application:
system and link stress test TX electronic IQ Mod. Carrier Laser ROADM WSS Optical Coherent IQ det. RX Signal Processing LO Laser Typical test requirements: BER (EVM) vs. Power or OSNR Spectral behavior over 1-2 neighbor channels Signal integrity along the link (time domain modulation analysis) Nonlinear characteristics (PMD, PDL, CD,…) N4391A or N4392A Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 15 ROADM – Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer WSS - Wavelength Selective Switching © 2015 Keysight Technologies
15.
Page 16 Test application:
Rx stress test (optical) Multi-format Reference Transmitter or optical AWG with or without stress generation M8195A + OMFT + Tunable Laser + Optical Modulation Gen. Tool Optical Coherent IQ det. RX Signal Processing LO Laser Stress generation on Optical Signal - Loss - Polarization - PMD - OSNR - Non-Linearities Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 16 © 2015 Keysight Technologies Typical requirements: Availability of numerous modulation formats for research and development High quality PAMx, (D)QPSK and QAMx signal for manufacturing Arbitrary constellations for advanced research required (arbitrary stress) BER vs various stress parameters Some customers need RZ DQPSK Support of up to 56 GBd rates for >> 100G research PRBS test pattern, Pre-defined or User-defined Test of receiver algorithm robustness with distorted signals
16.
Page 17 Test application:
Rx stress test (electrical) Typical requirements: Availability of numerous modulation formats for research and development High quality PAMx, (D)QPSK and QAMx signal for manufacturing Arbitrary constellations for advanced research required (arbitrary stress) BER vs various stress parameters Some customers need RZ DQPSK Support of up to 56 GBd rates for >> 100G research PRBS test pattern, Pre-defined or User-defined Test of receiver algorithm robustness with distorted signals Multi-format Reference Transmitter or optical AWG with or without stress generation M8195A + OMFT + Tunable Laser + Optical Modulation Gen. Tool Optical Coherent IQ det. RX Signal Processing LO Laser Stress generation on Optical Signal - Loss - Polarization - PMD - OSNR - Non-Linearities Stress generation on Electrical Signal - Loss - Polarization - PMD - OSNR - Non-Linearities Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 17 M8195A + Optical Modulation Gen. Tool © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page 18 Test application:
IQ modulator Typical test requirements: Cut-off frequency for each path In-application test to specify best EVM and other measures Polarization behavior Phase Response, Skew Modulator Bias Control Multiformat TX DAC electrical output ! Analysis of modulation quality and polarization behaviour Frequency response of modulator TX electronic IQ Mod. Carrier Laser I Y-Polarization Q I Q X-Polarization π/2 π/2 Tunable Laser M8195A + Tunable Laser + Optical Modulation Gen. Tool LCA N4391A or N4392A Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 18 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems
19 Typical Measures Indication EVM & Q-Factor General figure of merit for Signal Quality EVM percentile Signal Quality w/o the effect of IQ Gain Imbalance and Quadrature Error IQ Gain Imbalance Different amplitudes for I- and Q-Signal IQ Skew Timing skews between I- & Q-Signal IQ Offset Wrong bias setting or DC offset at modulator Quadrature Error IQ phase shifter, wrong bias point of 90 º phase shifter Frequency Error Carrier Frequency Offset between Tx & Rx, EVM Symbol Rate Error, V-shape in ErrorVector vs Time Mismatch in Symbol Rate between Tx and Rx Dual Pol: IQ Skews, X-Y Skew & X-Y Imbalance Skew & Gain differences between Polarizations Bit Error Results Indentify Bit Errors per Polarization or across Polarization Missing Transitions in Constellation De-correlation issue between I- & Q-Signal Coherent testing Typical Measures © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page EVM & Q-Factor 20 Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems Error Vector connects the measured Vector and the expected vector, Error Vector Magnitude or EVM is magnitude of this vector EVM Q-factor 1% ~ 100 2% ~ 50 5% ~ 20 10% ~ 10 The Q-Factor describes the signal-to-noise ratio at the decision points. It is calculated from the EVM. The formula is proportional to 1/EVMa and the result is converted into dB. It is calculated from the Eye-Diagram aEVM 1 Q © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page EVM percentile 21 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems EVM_pctl EVM_pctl defines the radius of a circle around a group of measured constellation points centered at the reference constellation point. In contrast to EVM_pctl, the classical EVM value from the VSA software includes I-Q Imbalance and Quadrature Error and is a RMS averaged value. The “Hit Ratio” multiplied with the number of points is equal to the number of points outside the circle. For Gaussian Noise dominated impairments, the classical EVM and the EVM_pctl are equal if a “Hit Ratio” of 0.3173 is selected. The "Hit Ratio" can be set in the EVM_percentile algorithm of the OMA Software. © 2015 Keysight Technologies Constellation Reference EVM_pctl
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Page IQ Gain Imbalance 22 Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems IQ Gain Imbalance compares the amplitude of the I signal with the amplitude of the Q signal and shows the difference in dB. The effects of IQ gain imbalance are best viewed in constellation diagrams where the width of the constellation diagram is different than its height. Rectangular shape of constellation, different amplitudes in I- and Q-Eye © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page IQ Skew 23 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems IQ Skew Timing skew between I- and Q-signals distorted IQ Plot, Eye- Diagrams are shifted with respect to each other 45° transitions open up Increased EVM © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page IQ Offset 24 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems IQ Offset DC offsets at the I- or the Q-Signals cause I/Q or origin offsets as shown. I/Q offsets can also result in carrier feedthrough. It is a measure for the shift between the origin of the measured constellation with regard to the origin of the reference constellation (yellow). Without DC offsets, the carrier feed through as well as the IQ offset becomes zero (-infinity dB). Vertically shifted Eye- Diagram traces Carrier Feedthrough EVM carrier feed through Individual I- and Q- Imbalance available © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Quadrature Error 25 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems Quadrature Error indicates the orthogonal error between the I and Q Quadrature-Phase. Ideally, I and Q should be orthogonal (90 degrees apart). In the screenshot to the right a quadrature error of 22.91 degrees means I and Q are 67,09 degrees apart instead of 90 degrees. This could result from wrong bias point setting for the 90° phase shifter in the Mach-Zehnder-Modulator distorted IQ Plot, distorted Eye-diagrams EVM π/2 I Q © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Frequency Error 26 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems Frequency Error shows the carrier's frequency error relative to the VSA's center frequency displayed in Hertz. It is the amount of frequency shift from the VSA's center frequency that the VSA must perform to achieve carrier lock. The maximum allowable Frequency Error depends on the Modulation Format used. Here’s a list of formats: 2 GHz Modulation Format Maximum frequency offset QPSK 9.6% symbol rate 16-QAM 4.8% symbol rate 32-QAM 3.15% symbol rate 64-QAM 4.65% symbol rate 128-QAM 0.3% symbol rate 256-QAM 0.3% symbol rate 512-QAM 0.15% symbol rate 1024-QAM 0.15% symbol rate 2048-QAM 0.1% symbol rate* 4096-QAM 0.1% symbol rate* © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Symbol Rate Error 27 Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems Symbol Rate Error If the Digital Demodulator is only able to recover the clock phase but not the clock rate, a wrong symbol rate shows up as typical „V“ shape when looking at EVM vs time plot. Symbols start to spread all over the constellation High EVM Measured SymbolRate ≠ SymbolRate setting © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Dual Pol: IQ
Skews, XY Skew and XY Imbalance 28 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems Optical Signal Summary Screen Display of - Timing skew between I- and Q-Signals for X- and Y-Polarization - Timing skew between X- and Y-Polarization. - Gain Imbalance between X and Y Polarization - Symbol Rate Display - Frequency Error between Tx and Rx (in this case OMA) - EVM and Q-Factor © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Bit Error Results 29 Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems Bit Error Result Screen - Actual BER - Cumulated BER - BER (EVM) - Bit & Error Counts - Delay between X & Y - PRBS generation details © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page PRBS Pattern Sources 30 Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems Effects of IQ PRBS Delay in bit (PRBS length 215-1) 0 bit 2 bit 4 bit 1 bit 3 bit 5 bit Effects of Delay issues between I- & Q-Data Source Effect of PRBS delay Using the same PRBS sequence for I and Q and decorrelating it with a too small delay might lead to missing transitions and asymetric spectral content ! Screenshots were taken based on a PRBS 215-1 with different delays between I and Q showing result in the corresponding constellation and spectrum. © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Typical Impairment Emulation
in the electrical Domain
31.
Page Example Impairment Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems 32 Phase Noise in Optical Modulation Generator Tool © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Carrier Phase Noise 33 Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems Analysis of Carrier PhaseNoise PhaseNoise Analysis of modulated signals. Display of Carrier Phase, Lorentzian Linewidth, Flicker & Random Noise. Graphical result of Phase Spectrum and corresponding Phase Spectrum Model Upper Constellation shows performance without PhaseTracker. Lower Constellation shows result after PhaseTracking Algorithm using Kalman Filters. 500kHz Linewidth 2MHz Linewidth 5MHz Linewidth © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Emulation of PolController 34 Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems Polarization Pattern: Great Circle © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Emulation of PolController 35 Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems Polarization Pattern: Slicer © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Stokes Space Analysis
in OMA: Great Circle & Slicer 36 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems Analysis of Stokes Space Trajectory The OMA allows to analyze polarization changes. Two patterns „Great Circle“ and „Slicer“ are generated with the AWG electrically. This electrical signal can be used for receiver stress testing. Here the electrical signal is directly connected to the OMA inputs. Great Circle Slicer © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page 37 35ps PMD, 991ps^2
SOPMD Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems Example Impairment: PMD (1st and 2nd order) PMD in Optical Modulation Generator Tool © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Example Impairment: PMD
(1st and 2nd order) 38 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems PMD Analysis in OMA The OMA allows to compensate and analyze the PMD. An electrical signal is generated with the AWG and analyzed by the OMA. This signal could be used for receiver stress testing. © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Tools to generate
signals for Coherent Optical Applications © 2015 Keysight Technologies
39.
Page Go Where you
Have Never Been Able to Test Before – Sample rate up to 65 GSa/s per channel – 20 GHz analog bandwidth – 1, 2 or 4 differential channels per 1-slot AXIe module – In Speed, in Bandwidth and in Channel Density Explore your possibilities New M8195A 65 GSa/s AWG – Up to 16 GSa of waveform memory per module (*) – Amplitude up to 1 Vpp(se) (2 Vpp(diff.)), voltage window -1.0 … +3.3V – Ultra low intrinsic jitter (RJrms < 200 fs @ 32 Gb/s PRBS 211-1) – 16-tap FIR filter in hardware for frequency response compensation (*) – Multi-module synchronization up to 16 channels per 5-slot AXIe chassis (*) (*) rev 2 40 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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How about Optical
IQ Modulator ? I Y-polarization Q I Q X-polarization π/2 π/2 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Optical IQ Modulator: Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems 42 Optical Multiformat Transmitter: OMFT by IDPhotonics / HHI • Symbol rate 46 GBd for binary formats such as BPSK, QPSK 34 GBd: for multi-level formats such as 16QAM • typically >23 GHz BW Dual polarization I-Q modulator with typically 28 GHz bandwidth 40 GHz linear RF amplifiers • C+L band • Manual as well as automatic bias setting (automatic for QPSK and 16- QAM only) • In combination with DAC/AWG: pre-distortion to compensate for nonlinearities of amplifiers and modulator • 19“ form factor OMFT frequency response (S-parameters) and RF cables de-embedded in AWG In combination with M8195A AWG © 2015 Keysight Technologies OMFT performance verified in combination with M8195A AWG
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Page Optical Modulation Generator
Tool with E/O Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 43 E/O Modulator pre-distortion E/O converter in Optical Mod. Gen Tool • Apply pre-distortion to compensate modulator non-linearities • Includes settings to compensate for amplifier gain and Vp • Provides compensation of E/O modulator frequency response (S-parameters) © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page AWG software tools
for optical applications 44 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems Optical Modulation Generator Tool * • Dedicated for optical applications • Generates 2 x I/Q simultaneously • Optical impairments in electrical domain • Signal Path De-Embedding using S- Parameters, VSA Equalizer and factory cal * based on MATLAB Optical Modulation Generator Tool (1) © 2015 Keysight Technologies Waveform Input page Basic Setup Amplitude Pulse Shaping
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Page AWG software tools
for optical applications 45 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems Optical Modulation Generator Tool * • Dedicated for optical applications • Generates 2 x I/Q simultaneously • Optical impairments in electrical domain • Signal Path De-Embedding using S- Parameters, VSA Equalizer and factory cal * based on MATLAB Optical Modulation Generator Tool (1) Compensation of Cable Skews & S-Parameters © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page AWG software tools
for optical applications 46 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems * based on MATLAB Optical Modulation Generator Tool (2) Optical Modulation Generator Tool * Electrical Emulation of Optical Signal Properties in Real Time (1): - Phase Noise & Laser Linewidth - Polarization Rotation - 1st & 2nd order PMD (1) with Rev 2 of AWG in Oct 2015 © 2015 Keysight Technologies Polarization Phase Noise PMD
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Tools for Coherent
Signal Analysis
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Page N439xA Optical Modulation
Analyzer Family N4391A Optical Modulation Analyzer • 4 x 33 GHz in a single scope • 4 x 63 GHz as dual instrument setup special (call factory) • 4 x 80 GSa/s sampling rate (160 Gsa/s for 63 GHz) • Up to 2 GSa/Ch memory • Lowest noise floor (typ. 1.5% EVMrms) Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 48 For coherent transmission research & Mfg N4392A integrated Optical Mod. Analyzer • Compact, fully integrated, no external cabling • 4 x 23 GHz in a single instrument for dual polarization optical analysis • 4 x 23 GHz electrical inputs for dual polarization ICR testing • 4 x 63 GSa/s sampling rate • 16 kSa/Ch memory • Noise floor (typ. 2 % EVMrms) © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Smart Setup in
OMA Software Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 49 „Smart setup“ - the easiest way to setup an OMA 0 Enter carrier wavelength or frequency Enter symbol rate Check modulation format Select between back to back and link measurement -> done 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Tabular Measurement results,
well structured Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 50 Per Polarization results Cross Channel results X-Polarization Y-Polarization © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Widest Selection of
Modulation Formats Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 51 No limits … Custom APSK & OFDM It‘s your choice: • 39 pre-defined modulation formats or • Custom APSK demodulation o Up to 8 amplitude levels o In up to 256 constellation points o More to come, stay tuned ... • Custom OFDM demodulation For now and the future ! © 2015 Keysight Technologies Custom APSK Custom OFDM
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Page Summary Optical Communication
Solutions 52 Keysight’s Offering Wideband AWG Tools for Coherent Signal Generation Accurate and Repeatable Impairments Tools for Coherent Signal Analysis Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems N4391A OMA M8195A AWG Opt. Mod. Gen. Tool © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Further References 53 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms
Systems Publication title Publication No. N4391A Optical Modulation Analyzer – Data Sheet 5990-3509EN N4392A Integrated Optical Modulation Analyzer – Data Sheet 5990-9863EN Infiniium Z-Series Oscilloscopes - Data Sheet 5991-3868EN M8195A 65 GSa/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator 5992-0014EN Metrology of Advanced Optical Modulation Formats - White Paper 5990-3748EN Kalman Filter Based Estimation and Demodulation of Complex Signals – White paper 5990-6409EN Vector Signal Analysis Basics - Application Note 5989-1121EN Digital Modulation in Communications Systems - An Introduction – Application Note 5965-7160E Essentials of Coherent Optical Data Transmission - Application Note 5991-1809EN Contact: michael_koenigsmann@keysight.com More Information is available from these Jumpstations: Arbitrary Waveform Generator M8195A and Optical Modulation Generator Software: www.keysight.com/find/M8195A Optical Modulation Analyzer: www.keysight.com/find/OMA Lightwave Component Analyzer: www.keysight.com/find/LCA © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Questions? Comments? 54 Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems
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Page Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems
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Backup
56.
Page Overview: AWG Software
tools for coherent optical applications Soft Front Panel Optical Modulation Software IQTools Availability Comes with M8195A Firmware Purchased separately Available free of charge Requires - MATLAB runtime Modulation Formats QPSK, QAMx and many more QPSK, QAMx QPSK, QAMx, OFDM Dual I/Q Yes Yes No Built-in Cal Yes Yes Yes In-system Cal Manual Automatic 1, 2 Automatic 1, 2, 3 I/Q Skew Manual Manual Automatic Optical impairments (incl. support for real- time DSP) No Yes No 1 Keysight Infiniium Series Scope needed 2 using VSA Equalizer 3 using own cal routine MATLAB Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 57 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page N4391A & N4392A
core specification comparison Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 58 Parameter N4391A N4392A Analog Bandwidth 4x 33 GHz 4x 23 GHz EVM noise floor typ. 1) < 1.5 % rms < 2 % rms Sample rate 4x 80 GSa/s 4x 63 GSa/s Max. BaudRate 63 GBd 46 GBd Sensitivity -20 dBm -22 dBm Sample Memory Up to 4x 2 GSa 4x 16 kSa Software platform VSA/OMA 4.x Wavelength accuracy +/- 5 pm +/- 2 pm Weight ~ 48 kg (106 lbs) 13 kg (28.7 lbs) Portability no yes 1) @ reference conditions © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Debug your
Tx by identifiying the path of each data stream Full flexibility to setup the link from pattern source to tributary Select Pre-defined or User PRBS files Easy intuitive setup Individual BER Test on each Tributary Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 59 Debug your transmitter faster © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page New Measurements and
Result Tables Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 60 7 new measurement traces and tables related to each polarization plane 4 new measurement traces and tables for cross-channel measurement results Get new measurement results in the same way as you are used to. © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page Improved Training Tools Troubleshooting Coherent
Optical Comms Systems 61 12 Demo traces in VSA demo environment for self paced learning 32 GBd demo files measured at 5 power levels Selection of 5 generic files with various modulation formats Selection of PAM 4 recordings New help system Dynamic Help Demo Video © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page OMA Software 4.1
(1) Get deeper insight to behavior of your carrier laser relative to used local oscillator by seeing IQ offset resolved in I and Q part to speed up transmitter alignment by analyzing X-Y imbalance to see imbalances in power between polarization planes Carrier phase display – Residual carrier phase calculated from Kalman phase tracking Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 62 I - Q resolved IQ offset – Offset of I component of the modulator – Offset of Q component of the modulator X - Y Imbalance – Basic test for PDL analysis by analyzing X-Y imbalance over time © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page OMA Software 4.1
(2) Get deeper insight In long term signal distribution by percentile EVM analysis By requesting more analysis points for your own algorithm Adding software Brick Wall Filter Plotting a scalar value over number of screen updates to analyze long term effects EVM percentile – Calculate the percentile of a selectable hit ratio – Resolved to polarization plane or full signal Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 63 More Algorithms – Brick Wall Filter – Request more points Value over time – Plot any scalar measured value over selectable number of frames © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page 64 Optical Coherent Rx RX Signal Processing LO Laser Typical Tests
in Complex Transmissions Loss, PDL CD, PMD TX electronic IQ Mod. Carrier Laser Carrier Laser Line-width Phase Noise Transmitter Signal Quality (EVM, Skews…) Received Signal Signal Quality (EVM, BER,…) Distortion caused by link impairments Carrier Laser Line-width Phase Noise Coherent Rx assembly Phase Angle vs l Skew Relative gain Polarization S-parameter CMRR Modulator S-parameter S21, Bandwidth El. ReturnLoss Skews, Crosstalk Substitute TX Electronic Multiformat AWG M8195A Optical Impairment Emulation Clean Signal Wide Bandwidth Substitute Tx with “Golden Tx” based on AWG M8195A and Reference Modulator N4391A / N4392A N4391A / N4392A N4391A / N4392A N4392A M8195A + OMFT M8195A LCA LCA 64 © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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Page 65 Typical AWG
requirement (electrical) 65 Company Confidential Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems © 2015 Keysight Technologies 32 GBd, 16QAM EVM ~ 3%rms 32 GBd, 16QAM EVM ~ 3%rms
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Page 66 … up
to the high end you can achieve Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Comms Systems 66 32 GBd, 64 QAM = 192 Gb/s 56 GBd, QPSK = 112 Gb/s © 2015 Keysight Technologies
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