1. 5G – A Different PHYlosophy?
Nicola Marchetti
CPqD, Campinas, Brazil
November 6, 2013

2. OUTLINE
•
•
•
•
What I do at a Glance
Is PHY Research still needed?
5G Technologies
5G - A Different PHYlosophy?

3. OUTLINE
•
•
•
•
What I do at a Glance
Is PHY Research still needed?
5G Technologies
5G - A Different PHYlosophy?

4. What I do at a Glance
Physical Layer
&
Radio Resource
Management
for
Optical and Wireless
Systems
RRM
PHY
Complex Systems Theory
4

5. What I do at a Glance (2)
Many Base
Stations
Many
Antennas
Radio Resource
Management
Synchronization
5

6. What I do at a Glance (3)
Free
Spectrum
Detection
Optical
Wireless
Integration
Complex
Communication
Systems
6

7. OUTLINE
•
•
•
•
What I do at a Glance
Is PHY Research still needed?
5G Technologies
5G - A Different PHYlosophy?

8. Cellular Network Evolution
• HSDPA/HSUPA (2005-08)
3.5
G
3.9
G
– 3GPP Rel 5/6
– 14 / 5.7 Mbps peak DL/UL
– CDMA & Diversity
• HSPA+ (2008-09)
– 3GPP Rel 7
– 28 / 11 Mbps peak DL/UL
– CDMA & MIMO
• LTE-A (2012-13)
– 3GPP Rel 9/10
– 1 Gbps / 500 Mbps peak
DL/UL
– OFDMA & SC-FDMA & MIMO
• 5G (2013-?)
– 10+ Gbps / 5+ Gbps
peak DL/UL
• LTE (2010-11)
– 3GPP Rel 8
– Power & cost reduction
– 100 / 50 Mbps peak DL/UL
– New bands, Self– OFDMA & SC-FDMA & MIMO
organization, Massive
MIMO, Small cells
4
G
5
G
8

9. Is PHY Research still needed?
• Spectral efficiency  more antennas, higher
modulation order, ultra dense deployment (and
related channel understanding), distributed
schemes (and related synchronization issues)
• Power efficiency  small cell deployments,
coordinated beamforming (CoMP)
• Cost reduction  cheaper deployments (small
cells), cheaper bands (mm-wave, LSA)
• All the above has a lot to do with PHY !!!
9

10. Cooper’s Law
•More Spectrum
•Frequency Division
•Modulation & Coding
•Spectrum Reuse
10

11. OUTLINE
• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
–
–
–
–
–
More Spectrum
Frequency Division
Modulation & Coding
Spectrum Reuse
EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?

12. OUTLINE
• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
–
–
–
–
–
More Spectrum
Frequency Division
Modulation & Coding
Spectrum Reuse
EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?

13. The “Sweet” Spot
• Opportunistic spectrum access: spectrum sharing
paradigm that allows unlicensed secondary users to
opportunistically access spectrum holes, called white spaces,
in the bands for which the primary users hold a license
• Although Cognitive Radio systems can be envisaged in any
part of the radio spectrum, the frequency range considered
more appropriate for their implementation is located
between 100 MHz and 10 GHz
• This includes the 300-3000 MHz range that OFCOM has
dubbed the sweet spot for spectrum sharing
13

14. Bands & Spectrum Access Techniques
F. Paisana, N. Marchetti, L. DaSilva, “Radar, TV and Cellular Bands: Which Spectrum
Access Techniques for Which Bands?”, IEEE Communications Surveys &Tutorials,
accepted for publication subject to minor revisions
14

15. Enhanced Carrier Aggregation
J. McMenamy, I. Macaluso, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “A Framework for Enhanced Carrier
Aggregation with Dynamic Carrier Selection”, Wireless Days 2013
15

16. OUTLINE
• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
–
–
–
–
–
More Spectrum
Frequency Division
Modulation & Coding
Spectrum Reuse
EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?

17. Uplink Synchronization
17

18. Uplink Synchronization (2)
• Detection techniques with very low complexity
– Utilization of the symmetrical behaviour of interference
among different subcarriers
A. Farhang, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Low Complexity LS and MMSE Based CFO Compensation
Techniques for the Uplink of OFDMA Systems”, IEEE International Conference on Communications 2013
18

19. OUTLINE
• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
–
–
–
–
–
More Spectrum
Frequency Division
Modulation & Coding
Spectrum Reuse
EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?

20. Massive MIMO
2.4 GHz
F. Bentosela, N. Marchetti, H. Cornean, “MIMO Capacity: Transition from Linear to
Logarithmic Growth”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, under review
20

21. Massive MIMO (2)
F. Bentosela, N. Marchetti, H. Cornean, “MIMO Capacity: Transition from Linear to
Logarithmic Growth”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, under review
21

22. Optical-Wireless Integration
• How to integrate mobile and fixed access networks?
• How to jointly optimize the overall network?
22

23. Inter Base Station Communications
• To perform handover and more advanced
cooperation schemes, base stations need to
communicate with low latency
• It is necessary to investigate if the tree
architecture has a good performance or if
other architectures should be considered
• Cooperative multipoint
transmission/reception (CoMP)
– Data and control information can be multicasted
to base stations, exploiting the broadcasting
nature of the Passive Optical Network
23

24. mm-Wave & Massive MIMO
• Using very high carrier frequencies (up to hundreds of GHz)…
• …one can squeeze more antennas in the same base
station/device
• Target Line Of Sight short range (up to ~100m)
communications at the beginning
• Later on we expect to start to look into Non Line Of Sight
wider range communication (distributed massive
MIMO/CoMP, with many antennas at each base station, and
base stations coordinating their transmissions)
24

25. OUTLINE
• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
–
–
–
–
–
More Spectrum
Frequency Division
Modulation & Coding
Spectrum Reuse
EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?

26. 26

27. 27

28. 28

29. Higher Throughput & Lower Power
C. Galiotto, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “The Role of the Total Transmit Power on the Linear
Area Spectral Efficiency Gain of Cell-Splitting”, IEEE Communications Letters, accepted
for publication, to appear
29

30. 30

31. 31

32. Spectrum Management and ICIC
in HetNet
Inter-Cell Interference
Coordination via spectrum
management
Mitigation of the harm
of interference on
macro-cell edge users

Reduction of
overall network
throughput

GOAL:
Guaranteeing cell-edge user throughput with limited reduction of
overall network throughput
32

33. User Operating Points
LPN =
Low Power Node
MBS =
Macro Base Station
PF =
Proportional Fair
scheduler
C. Galiotto, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Flexible Spectrum Sharing and Interference Coordination for Low
Power Nodes in Heterogeneous Networks”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2012
33

34. Results
C. Galiotto, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Flexible Spectrum Sharing and Interference Coordination for Low
Power Nodes in Heterogeneous Networks”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2012
34

35. Complex Communication Systems
I. Macaluso, H. Cornean, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Complex Communication Systems
Achieving Interference-Free Frequency Allocation”, IEEE International Conference on
Communications 2014, submitted
35

36. Self-Organizing Channel Assignment
h  1.29
EC  2.04
I. Macaluso, H. Cornean, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Complex Communication Systems
Achieving Interference-Free Frequency Allocation”, IEEE International Conference on
Communications 2014, submitted
36

37. OUTLINE
• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
–
–
–
–
–
More Spectrum
Frequency Division
Modulation & Coding
Spectrum Reuse
EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?

38. Advanced Dynamic spectrum 5G mobile
networks Employing Licensed shared access
ADEL
Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the
European Commission

39. EU project ADEL
Key Idea
To explore the potential of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) as a key
enabler of 5G mobile broadband networks
By developing:
1) Collaborative sensing techniques
2) Dynamic radio-aware resource allocation
3) Cooperative communication
With the final goal of providing:
– An order of magnitude improvement in spectral efficiency
– More energy & cost efficient mobile broadband networks
39

40. Facts
• 2.5 M euro (270 K euro for CTVR)
• Small or medium-scale focused research
project (STREP) – ranked 4th out of 130 at EU
level
• 8 partners (5 academia, 3 industry)
• 3 years (Dec 1, 2013 – Nov 30, 2016)
40

41. Motivation
• Key driver: to meet the growing capacity demands in cellular
networks imposed by the increasing customer base and datahungry mobile applications
• Key concept: The “Licensed Shared Access” (LSA) (a.k.a.
“Authorised Shared Access” – ASA) paradigm wherein:
incumbent operators may allow others to share their spectrum at
specific times and places, according to an agreed set of rules
• State-of-the-art: the use of spectrum in commercial applications
is either licensed or license-exempt . Cognitive radio is another
approach but it has been met with scepticism by cellular
operators and has led to very limited deployments (e.g. 802.22)
41

42. LSA concept and basic architecture
[Contains incumbent’s spectrum usage
information in frequency, time & space]
[Computes rule-based
LSA spectrum availability]
[Issues RRM commands]
Operations
Administration
& Management
1) Shared use of spectrum based on radio cognition
2) Implemented via individual authorisation scheme ensuring QoS
3) Access rights can be granted on a temporary or long term basis
J. Khun-Jush, P. Bender, B. Deschamps, and M. Gundlach, “Licensed shared access as complementary approach to
meet spectrum demands: Benefits for next generation cellular systems,” ETSI Workshop on on Reconfigurable Radio
Systems, December 2012
42

43. Component technologies
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collaborative spectrum sensing
Signal processing techniques for sensing
Interference channel estimation and interferer localisation
Cooperative communication
Dynamic resource allocation
Policy violation detection / policy reinforcement
With the above, we believe that ADEL will lead to future
heterogeneous wireless networks of an order of magnitude
higher capacity and energy efficiency thus setting the
roadmap for the adoption of spectrum flexible broadband
wireless systems by 2020
43

44. Work package structure
Project Management
(WP1)
Scenarios, Requirements and Network Architecture Definition
(WP3)
“Who,
When,
Where”
Licensed Shared Access
Resource Allocation
Techniques
(WP4)
Dynamic Spectrum
Access
(WP5)
“How”
Platform Development and Experimental Evaluation
(WP6)
Dissemination & Exploitation Planning
(WP2)
44

45. Concrete results expected
• Spectral efficiency: a factor of 10 is aimed at
• Energy efficiency: also a factor of 10 is anticipated
• Cost: at least a factor of 10 improvement for mobile data traffic
via the use of small cells with LSA
• Experimental platforms: are expected to show some of these
gains over-the-air, as well as over large-scale system level
simulations
WARP
IRIS
Open
Air
45

46. OUTLINE
•
•
•
•
What I do at a Glance
Is PHY Research still needed?
5G Technologies
5G - A Different PHYlosophy?

47. Are Comm Systems Complex?
Many different networks coming
together
•
•
•
•
Optical & wireless
WiFi, LTE, sensors, RFID etc.
Many simple devices densely deployed
Many antennas
Highly dynamical systems
•
high variability in time, but also in frequency and space
domains
47

48. Are Comm Systems Complex?
• Self-organization and need to mimic
bio-inspired decentralized behaviours
– Evolution (but not only)
– Emergence of (complex) patterns
Trend towards
increasing complexity
48