6.stress in sentence

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Unit 6: Sentence stress
Sentence stress is one
of the golden keys for
speaking and
understanding English.
With sentence stress,
some words in a
sentence are
STRESSED (loud) and
other words are weak
(quiet)

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Introduction
In each of the boxes below, there are three phrases. Each
phrase has a different number of syllables but takes about the
same length of time to say. Listen to your teacher or the speaker
on the tape say the phrases

BROAD VIEW STRONG TASTE QUICK CALL
BROAD STRONGer TASTE QUICK reCALL
reVIEW STRONGer disTASTE QUICKly reCALL
BROADer reVIEW SLOW TURN NEW VICE
SLOWly TURN NEW deVICE
SLOWly reTURN NEWest deVICE


Rule 1: Stress important content words
Including:
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

LUNCH VOTE CHEAP QUITE

ANswer exPLAIN ACtive REALly

Negatives Wh-question words Demonstratives

CAN’T HOW THIS
NOT WHO THOSE

OUR LUNCH was CHEAP
WHY WON’T they GIVE me an ANswer?

Rule 2: Reduce or weaken function words.
Function words include the following:

Articles Conjunctions Prepositions Pronouns Auxiliary
Verbs

a, the and, or, To, of, from you, her, can, have,
but him is, am
Examples of reduced function words:

a. JOHN’s an OLD FRIEND
b. /Kn/ /yə/ SEE?
c. GIVE it to /əm/

STRONG VS WEAK FORMS

Determiner strong form(s) weak form(s)
ðə
the ði:
ðə
ə
a/an ei, an
ən
some sʌm səm, sm

Pronouns strong form(s) weak form(s)
He/ His/ him Hi:/ hɪz/ him i/ iz/ im
Her/ she hɜ:/ ʃi: ∂/ ʃɪ
You/ your ju:/ jo: jʊ, jə
We/ us wi:/ ʌs wɪ/ əs, s


Prepositions/‘Particles’ strong form(s) weak form(s)

than ðæn ðən

At/ for/ from æt/ fo:/ frɒm ət/ fə/ frəm, fəm, fm̩

Of/ to/ as ɒv/ tu:/ æz əv, v/ tə, tʊ/ əz, z

there ðɛə ðə

Conjunctions strong form(s) weak form(s)

ənd, ən, n̩d, n̩
And/ but/ that ænd/ bʌt/ ðæt
bət/ ðət

Auxiliaries strong form(s) weak form(s)
Can/ could Kæn/ kʊd kən, kn̩ // kəd
əv, v // əz, z // əd,
Have/ has/ had Hæv/ hæz/ hæd
d
will wɪl l
shall ʃæl ʃəl, ʃl, l
should ʃʊd ʃəd
must mʌst məs, məst
Do/ does du:/ dʌz də, d // dəz, z
am am əm, m̩
are ɑ: ə
Was/ were wɒz / wɜ: wəz // wə

Exercises: : Identifying stress in phrases and sentences.

Lesson 3: Phrase and sentence stress minor Lesson 4: Phrase and sentence stress minor weak
tertiary stress stress
Mark stress over the following sentences: Mark the following sentence with stress:

1. She’s my friend. 1. He’s in the house.
2. He’s my science teacher. 2. She’s in the kitchen.
3. It’s their farmhouse. 3. They’re in the classroom.
4. They’re his parents. 4. It’s in the newspaper.
5. Ít my occupation. 5. She was in the hospital.
6. It’s her wristwatch. 6. We were in the shipwreck.
7. It’s your turn. 7. We were in a traffic accident.
8. It’s my teacher. 8. He was in the barbershop.
9. It’s our high school. 9. They were in a discussion group.

Exercises: : Identifying stress in phrases and sentences.
Lesson 5: Phrase and sentence stress major secondary Lesson 6: Phrase and sentence stress major secondary stress –
stress- noun modifiers noun modifiers
Supply the correct stress Ex1:

1. He’s a nice person. 1. It was and easy grammat book.
2. It’s her new sewing machine.
2. He’s a good sailor. 3. It is the biggest high school.

3. T’s a long river. 4. It is a pretty flower garden.
Ex2:
4. It’s a fast train. 1. We went in the green house / greenhouse.
5. He’s a tall boy. 2. He’s in the dark room / darkroom.
3. Not all dark rooms are darkrooms.
6. She’s a fine girl.
4. We need a black board / blackboard.
7. It’s a fine hospital. 5. I’ve seen many black birds / blackbirds.

8. He’s a good mechanic. 6. I saw a red bird / redbird.
7. I saw a yellow jacket / yellow-jacket.
9. It was a new discovery. 8. He picked the hot plate / hot-plate.


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