This document discusses reported speech, which is the repetition of something that was said by someone else using one's own words. There are three types of reported speech: statements, commands, and questions. When changing from direct to reported speech, verb tenses and other words like pronouns may need to be altered. Reported speech follows a set of transformation rules for verbs and other changes like place and time references.

2. Reported speech
Reported Speech é a repetição de
algo que foi dito por alguém, algo que
foi revelado a outras pessoas, com
nossas próprias palavras
He said: “I Know it well”. (direct speech)
He said (that) he knew it well. (reported speech)

3. Há três tipos de Reported Speech
 Statements
He said to her, “I love you!”
He told her he loved her.
 Commands
He said to her, “Open the door!”
He told her to open the door.
 Questions
He said to her, “Do you love me?”
He asked her if (whether) she loved him.

4. Alterações Verbais
Direct speech Indirect Speech
Simple Past
Simple Present
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Simple past Past Perfect
Simple Future Simple Conditional
Simple Conditional
Conditional Perfect
Can Could
May
Must Might
Had To

5. Examples
She said, “ I live in London” She said that she lived in
London .
She said, “ I’m living in She said that she was
London” living in London.
She said, “ I lived in London” She said that she had
lived in London .
She said, “ I will live in She said that she would
London” live in London.
She said that she had
She said, “ I have been living been living in London.
in London “

6. Quando o verbo introdutório to say estiver no simple present, present
continuous, present perfect ou simple future, não haverá mudanças
nos tempos verbais
 He says: “I love dancing.”
 He says (that) he loves dancing.
Os verbos Should, ought to, might e could, assim como os verbos no
past continuous e no past perfect, não sofrem alterações na passagem
do discurso indireto.
 He said to her, “ I was studying hard”.
 He told her (that) he was studying hard.
Com verdades universais não há mudança verbal
 He said, “Man is mortal”.
 He said (that) man is mortal.

7. Outras Alterações
Direct speech Indirect speech
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before
Tomorrow The next day
Last(...) The (...) before
Next(...) The following (...)
ago Before

8. Examples
He said, “ I am here” He said that he was
there.
He said , “ I am He said that he was
speaking now” speaking at that
moment
He said, “ I’ll go He said that he would
tomorrow” go the next day

9. No direct speech, deve-se usar say ou say to na
oração introdutória. Já no reported speech, usa-
se say (sem objeto) ou tell seguido do de objeto
direto na oração introdutória, ou ask ou order
conforme o tipo de reported speech. O conectivo
that é facultativo

10. Tipos de Reported Speech
Statements
Seguem normalmente as regras já
anteriormente mencionadas.
 He said, “ I study hard.”
 He said (that) he studied hard.
 He said to us, “I think I have broken my arm.”
 He told us (that) he thought he had broken his
arm.

11. Commands
Direct speech indirect speech
Verbo principal Tell, order ou command
Please ask.
Imperativo afirmativo Infinitivo com to
Imperativo negativo not + infinitivo com to
He said to John, “Please, open the door.”
He asked John to open the door.
She said to him, “Don’t smoke here”.
She Told (ordered) him not to smoke there.

12. Questions
Com orações interrogativas, o verbo
introdutório altera-se para ask.
 He said, “How is Paul?”
 He asked how Paul was.
John said to Mary, “ Where did you spend your
holidays?”
John asked Mary where she had spent her holidays.

13. Quando não houver pronome interrogativo, usamos
whether ou if no discurso indireto.
 He said to me, “Did you go there
yesterday?”
 He asked me if (whether) I had gone
there the day before.