Building Economics Assignment Report

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)
AUGUST 2018
BUILDING ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT
Lecturer : Sr Shirley Chin Ai Ling
Pn. Nurulhuda Hashim
Submission Date : 19th November 2018
Group Members :
NO. STUDENT NAME STUDENT ID
1 YEAP PHAY SHIAN 0322243
2 TAN VIN NIE 0323706
3 TEY CHENG FERN 0323912
4 TAN JIA SAN 0322406
5 TIO CHONG ZHI 0328134
6 KENNETH TAN SIN KWANG 0322482
7 NG SHENG ZHE 0323830
8 TEOH ZI WEI 0323372

TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO. CONTENT PAGE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Location of the Site 1
1.2 Benchmark Project 3
1.3 Proposed Building Design 6
1.4 Construction Technology, Methodology & Techniques 10
1.5 Architectural Features 16
2.0 Preliminary Cost Appraisal
2.1 Definition of Areas 21
2.2 Cost Plan 23
3.0 Construction Cost
3.1 Overall Construction Cost Analysis 24
3.2 Basement 30
3.3 Podium 32
3.4 Tower A & B 34
4.0 Conclusion 37
5.0 References 39
6.0 Appendices

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Location
The proposed site is located at Lot 160, Jalan Robson, Jalan Syed Putra, Kuala Lumpur where
it is chosen by the client in the center of Kuala Lumpur. It is strategically located at the prestigious
location at Seputeh. The site covers an area of 1.43 acres of freehold land. The immediate vicinity
is a residential area of mixed proportion between low-rise and high-rise construction. Most of the
land used is dedicated to low rise construction and low density apartments. However, observations
show that the residency is in proximity to Jalan Syed Putra where existing roads to and fro the site,
therefore no temporary roadways have to be built. This proposed project is expected to be a vibrant,
environmental friendly and economic development.
The proposed site has existing roads, and this will ease the process of starting the project as
there is already an entry and exit to the site. Therefore, there is no need to construct temporary roads.
The proposed site has a lot of residential areas around so the working hours for the construction must
be considered for the project. This is to ensure that the residents are not being disturbed during odd
hours.
As for facilities around the site, the site is generally placed in a strategic location. There are
a number of schools namely, SJK(C) Kuen Cheng and Global Indian International School. Besides
schools, there are a variety of restaurants nearby which is convenient for the future residents. Apart
from that, a well-known event space that is The Glasshouse @ Seputeh is around the site. For
shopping malls, Mid Valley Megamall, a famous shopping mall in Klang Valley is nearby the site.
Thean Hou Temple is also nearby. It is one of the oldest and largest temples in Southeast Asia.
.
1.

Lastly, there is a lot of public transportation such as LRT, MRT and KTM. The site is just
few minutes away from The KL Sentral KTM Station and also Chan Sow Lin LRT Station. Other
than public transportation, the proposed site also has a great accessibility via the major highways in
Malaysia.
Figure 1.1.1 The proposed site labels in red as shown in the picture above
2.

1.2 Benchmark project
The benchmark project will be Sentral Suites @ KL Sentral, which also known as “Garden
in the city”. It has been selected due to a lot of similarities with our proposed project and it also in
line with our concept which to provide residents a modern city lifestyle and as a lush nature’s
sanctuary amidst the busy city. The developer of this project, MRCD invigorating their idea of
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in developing this leading urban landmark.
Figure 1.2.1 shows the façade view of Sentral Suites
Figure 1.2.2 shows the aerial view of Sentral Suites
3.

Sentral Suites is a residential complex which completed by three apartment blocks and with
an area of 4.92 acres. The commencement date of this project is 3rd quarter of 2016 and the estimated
duration for overall project is about 5 years which mean will be complete on 1st quarter of 2021.
The first and second block will be the same which consist of 458 units while the third block consists
of 518 units and the bottom of residence will hold 41 retail units. The total of 1434 units of three
blocks in 43 floors will have 10 different types of unit to meet the demand of the public and it is
expected to be completed within 54 months.
Figure 1.2.3 shows the floor plans of different type of units
Sentral Suites has a strategic location which only takes five minutes of walking distance to
reach KL Sentral and can easily access to the major roads such as NPE, Federal Highway and
Mahameru. Other than that, it also surrounded by few major cities such as Bangsar, Petaling Jaya
and the city center which the residents can easily travel. Besides that, it also balanced all the elements
where workers and residents can have some entertainment such as shopping due to it is located
between several shopping malls and corporate office towers.
To meets the concept of a lush nature’s sanctuary, the developer has provided various
facilities in Sentral Suites. Besides of the themed and pocket garden feature, the residents are
4.

rewarded with various facilities such as jogging track, swimming pool, outdoor Jacuzzi, sauna, dance
studio, billiard room, multipurpose halls, Taichi deck, barbeque area, study room and basketball
court to fulfil the recreational needs of the residents. Not only adult, there also some outdoor game
facilities are provided for the children in the garden.
Figure 1.2.4 shows the podium facilities plan
The approximate price of this leasehold property is about RM1000 per square feet and the
listing price of the unit starts from RM730,000. After that, they also charge for maintenance fee
which is expected to be RM0.39 per square feet, including the sinking fund which is considered as
a reasonable charges provided with the density and the size of each unit.
In a nutshell, Sentral Suites is selected as out benchmark project due to the building concept
and also the strategic locations which are quite similar to our project. Both projects are surrounded
by commercial buildings and just a short distance to the public transport station. The easy access to
East-West Highway and Federal Highway also convenience to the residents of both condominiums.
5.

1.3 Proposed Building Design
The proposed building is a service apartment consists of 2 towers which are tower A and
tower B. The building has a total of 38 storeys and it is approximately 162m tall. The total GFA for
tower A is 23,721.71 m2 while tower B is 23,451.14 m2. It has a total of 404 residential units formed
by 188 typical units and 14 duplex units in each tower. Typical units are located from Level 8 to
Level 34 while duplex units are located from Level 35 to 38. There are 7 types of residential units
in each floor of both tower. The average GFA for tower A is 743m2 and Tower B is 734m2. The
floor to floor height for Level 8 to Level 37 is 3.4m high while Level 34 and Level 38 are 4.0m high.
Each floor contains 3 lift and 1 Bomba Lift. A refuse bin room and M&E room are provided on each
floor either.
The building consists of 7 levels of podium, 1 ground floor and 2 levels of basement. Podium
1 to Podium 6 are car park while Podium 7 are for facilities. Podium 1 to 6 and Basement 1 to 2 are
mainly for parking. The average GFA for each basement floor is approximately 3897m2 while the
podiums are approximately 3411m2 respectively. There are 477 parking lots from ground floor to
Podium 6 and 179 parking lots in Basement 1 and 2. The amount of parking lot should be sufficient
enough to meet the demand of the residents. At the ground floor level, water feature and water curtain
are provided for aesthetic purpose. Besides, lounge area is provided for the residents to relax and
enjoy themselves. There is a guard post to ensure the safety of the residents. There is also a refuse
collection point, nursery room, fire pump room along with other M&E rooms at the ground floor.
Podium 7 is the facilities level aims to provide entertainment and fun activities to the
residents. The facilities available are games room, playground, café, meeting room, audiovisual
room, sky jacuzzi, infinity pool, yoga deck, convenience store and more. The infinity pool is the
main highlight as it provides a very nice scenery of the surrounding landscape by creating a visual
effect of pool with no boundary. The residents can also relax at the café during tea time. While the
adults are busy, the children may enjoy themselves at the games room and playground designed
specifically for children. A convenience store is also provided so the residents do not have to go far
to buy some daily products.
7.
6.

At the roof facilities level, a roof garden, sky lounge and audiovisual room are provided at
each tower. The roof garden is provided for recreational and agricultural purposes. The roof garden
is a good place for the residents to relax while enjoying the greenery. Besides, the sky lounge
provides the residents a good place to grab a drink and enjoy the gorgeous landscape view
surrounding the building. As for the audiovisual room, residents may book the room earlier to stream
movies or to hold activities that requires broadcast services.
Podium & Basement Car Park Lounge area
Playground
8.
Cafe

Audiovisual room Sky Jacuzzi
Infinity pool Yoga deck
Roof garden Sky lounge
9.

1.4 Construction Technology, Methodology and Technique
1.4.1 Bored Pile
The type of piling proposed is bored pile as our building has no high rise building
surrounding it but there are still residential houses nearby. As our proposed building consists of an
average GFA for tower A is 743m2 and Tower B is 736m2, 2 level basement, one ground level, 6
podium and both towers have 38 storeys, so bored pile is suitable to be used in order to carry the
immense load of the vertical structure of the proposed building. As there are residential houses and
commercial buildings nearby, by using bored pile method, it creates less disruption to adjacent
structure as it reduces the vibrations and noise during installation of the pile. Therefore, bored pile
is very environmental friendly and is also widely used in urban area.
Figure 1.4.1 Bored Pile Stages
10.

1.4.2 Contiguous Bored Pile
As the proposed building has two levels of basement there it requires high support of
foundation. Therefore, contiguous bored pile is needed as closely spaced bored piles can be used to
form a retaining wall. This type of bored pile wall can be both temporary or permanent wall for
excavation where the advantages of contiguous bored pile is lower cost and speed in construction
for temporary and permanent wall where drilling conditions are conducive. Contiguous piles are
suitable in crowded urban areas, where traditional retaining methods would otherwise encroach the
adjoining properties, these piles restrict ground movements on the backfill side.
Figure 1.4.2 Contiguous Bored Pile
11.

1.4.3 Post-Tensioned Slab
In order to support the huge load form the podium levels, using post-tensioned slab can help
by withstanding the vast load. In simple words, Post tension slabs are normal slabs in which stresses
opposite to loads are introduced so that it can take more load than before. The advantages of post-
tensioned slab is that it helps in improving crack control and waterproofing properties – especially
beneficial for parking space and balconies. In addition, post-tensioned slabs are excellent way to
construct stronger structures at an affordable price where it can reduce the construction cost by
reducing the slab thickness. In view of life time cycle, it allows lower overall maintenance and life
cycle costs of the structure.
Figure 1.4.3 Post-tensioned Slab
12.

1.4.4 Plastic Formwork
The type of formwork proposed for our building is plastic formwork. Plastic formwork is
manufactured from specific grade of plastic. This formwork does not occur any chemical reactions
between poured materials and the plastic form therefore there will be no any patch or honeycomb
on the surface of reinforced concrete element. Plastic formwork is useful and suitable for large,
complex shape and special features. Additionally, it is light and any damages on the formwork can
be easily repaired. Nailing and oiling the formwork plates are not required prior as the auto leveling
of plugging system will make plates level automatically and it takes about 30% lesser time during
installing and dismantling compared with conventional form.
Besides that, it is water resistant and will not experience any deformation condition. It has
excellent corrosion resistant and if carefully transported and used, the availability time for plastic
formwork can be more than 100 times which makes it highly economical.
Figure 1.4.4 Plastic Formwork
1.4.5 Clay Façade
13.

In order to enhance the value and design aspect of building structure and offer building an
everlasting appeal at the same time, clay façade is an ideal choice. Clay façade is environmental
friendly and is known as a tough modern façade. This type of façade not only have beautiful
appearance but also have many advantages over other façade materials.
Clay façade can be the best fit material to build sustainable buildings as the concept of green
building is fast catching in nowadays construction industry. It has high energy efficient due to the
properties of thermal insulation that helps to keep heat away from entering inside the building and
maintain a comfort indoor temperature. Clay façade is also maintenance free and can easily prevent
rattling of the panels. Easy fixing is one of the characteristics of clay façade since there is no usage
of rout or sealants which helps in overcoming uneven surfaces and any appearance of cracks on the
walls.
Figure 1.4.5 Clay façade
1.4.6 Rainwater Harvesting System 14.

Water is an essential component in our daily life but we often taken for granted. In Malaysia,
we are blessed with an amply of water thanks to abundant rain, however, consumers only realize its
importance when there is water cut or water shortage incidents. Malaysian Government introduced
and implemented rainwater harvesting system to prevent crisis of water shortage happened in Klang
Valley in 1998.
Rainwater Harvesting System works by capturing water from both landscaped areas through
surface infiltration as from roof areas. The clean water is retained within the storage area away from
sunlight and heat, the water is readily for reuse. Rainwater harvesting system provides several
benefits such as it is easy to maintain as maintenance works require little time and lesser energy.
Secondly, the overall cost of installation and operation is much cheaper if compared to water
purifying and pumping system. Furthermore, this system reduces the demand on groundwater. The
population increase has led to depletion of groundwater gone significantly to low level in some areas
where will contribute to the problem of water scarcity.
Figure 1.4.6 Rainwater Harvesting System
1.5 Architectural Features 15.

1.5.1 Finishes for Basement/Podium
Description Floor Wall Ceiling
Driveway/Car Park PU Paint 19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Skim coat with Paint
Finish
M&E room 25mm thick Cement
Render
19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Finish
Loading area / BOH 25mm thick Cement
Render
19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Finish
Lounge 800mm x 800mm
Granite
800mm x 800mm
Granite
12mm thick
Moisture Resistant
Plaster Glass Board
Lift Lobby 800mm x 800mm
Granite
800mm x 800mm
Granite
12mm thick Fibrous
Plaster Glass Boards
Staircase 25mm thick Cement
Render with Nosing
Tiles
19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Finish
Staircase Lobby 300mm x 600mm
Homogeneous Tiles
19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Finish
1.5.2 Finishes for Tower A & B (Service Apartment)
16.

Service Apartment - Common Area
Loading Bay PU Paint 19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Finish
M&E room 25mm thick Cement
Render
19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Finish
BOH 25mm thick Cement
Render
19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Finish
Lounge 800mm x 800mm
Granite
800mm x 800mm
Granite
12mm thick Fibrous
Lift Lobby 800mm x 800mm
Granite
800mm x 800mm
Granite
12mm thick Fibrous
Staircase 25mm thick Cement
Render with Nosing
Tiles
19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
Finish
17.

1.5.2 Finishes for Tower A & B (Service Apartment) (Cont’d)
Service Apartment - Unit
Living/Dining Timber Strips 19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
12mm thick Fibrous
Bedrooms Timber Strips 19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
12mm thick Fibrous
Bathrooms 800mm x 800mm
Granite
800mm x 800mm
Granite
12mm thick
Moisture Resistant
Plaster Glass Board
Yard 300mm x 600mm
Homogeneous Tiles
19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
12mm thick Fibrous
Kitchen 300mm x 600mm
Homogeneous Tiles
300mm x 600mm
Homogeneous Tiles
12mm thick Fibrous
Maid Room Timber Strips 19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
12mm thick Fibrous
Powder Room 800mm x 800mm
Granite
800mm x 800mm
Granite
12mm thick
Moisture Resistant
Plaster Glass Board
Study Room Timber Strips 19mm thick Plaster
and Emulsion Paint
12mm thick Fibrous
18.

PU Paint Cement Render Granite Tiles
Timber Strip Homogeneous Tiles
Above: Example of types of floor finishes used in this projects
Plaster & Paint Granite Tiles
Above: Example of types of wall finishes used in this projects
Skim coat & Paint Finish Moisture Resistant Plaster Glass Board Fibrous Plaster Glass Board
Above: Example of types of ceiling finishes used in this projects
19.

Summary of Construction Technology, Methodology and Technique
Bored Pile
● Suitable to carry
load of vertical
structure
● Less disruption to
adjacent
structures
● Environmental
friendly
Contiguous Bored Pile
● Suitable in crowded
urban area
● Restricts ground
movement at backfill
side
● Low cost and high
speed in construction
Post-Tensioned Slab
● Able to withstand vast
load
● Good in crack control
and waterproofing
● Lower maintenance
and life cycle cost
● Construction cost
based on slab thickness
Plastic Formwork
● For large, complex
shape and special
features
● Light and resist to
water and corrosion
● Quick installing and
dismantling
Clay Façade
● Environmental friendly
● High energy efficiency
● Low maintenance cost
● Can be fix easily
Rainwater Harvesting
System
● Easy to maintain
● Overall cost lower than
other system
● Free from scarcity of
water
20.

2.0 Preliminary Cost Appraisal
2.1 Definition of Areas
2.1.1 Construction Floor Area (CFA)
Construction Floor Area (CFA) generally covers areas of a building that are to be
constructed. CFA is measured to the outer face of the external walls of the building. CFA is measured
for the purpose of estimating the construction costs of a building.
2.1.2 Gross Floor Areas (GFA)
Gross Floor Area (GFA) is the total of all enclosed spaces fulfilling the functional
requirements of the building measured to the internal face of the enclosing walls. It includes areas
occupied by partitions, columns, internal structural or party walls, stairwells, lift wells etc.
Moreover, GFA also includes lift, plant, tank rooms etc. The sloping surfaces such as staircases and
ramps should be measured flat on plan. On the other hand, areas fulfilling the functional
requirements of the building which are not enclosed spaces, for instance open ground floors, open
covered ways, rooftop car parks, etc. are excluded and should be shown separately under
‘Unenclosed Spaces’.
2.1.3 Net Floor Area (NFA)
Net Floor Area (NFA) is known as the total of all saleable areas. NFA is measured within
the internal face of the enclosing wall. Areas such as common use area, services areas and circulation
areas are excluded from net floor area.
21.

Summary of Areas
LEVEL CFA (m2) GFA (m2) NFA (m2)
Basement Carpark 8,051.97 7,793.45 7,418.21
Podium Carpark 28,389.94 25,360.89 24,306.07
Tower A 26,509.71 23,721.71 21,601.73
Tower B 26,295.07 23,451.14 21,373.34
TOTAL 89,246.69 80,327.19 74,699.34
22.

2.2 Cost Plan
The cost plan is categorized into four parts, that are Basement Carpark, Podium Carpark,
Tower A and Tower B. Furthermore, cost plans for external works and ancillary works were also
prepared. The external works and ancillary works include road work, surface water drainage,
sewerage, water reticulation, fencing, hard and soft landscaping, refuse compactor, gym equipment,
water feature, playground, guard house, swimming pool, tennis and squash courts, sauna room and
vinyl decking.
In addition, the estimated construction cost of each element in the cost plan is build up by
multiplying the cost per GFA of the previous similar project and the total GFA of this project. The
total GFA for this project was obtained through measurement, using the BIM software, Glodon. For
the rates which are not in the previous similar project, the rates are build up from other previous
project BQ. The previous similar project is our benchmark project, that is a mid-end apartment
comprising of three blocks of 34-storey high apartment, along with 7-storey high podium carpark
and double storey basement carpark.
23.

3.0 Construction Cost
3.1 Overall Construction Cost Analysis
The estimated construction cost for the main building works is about RM137,570,726.91 excluding
the cost of the external works, preliminaries and contingencies. The summary for the cost allocation
at different part of the building is illustrated in the table and pie charts in the following:
Building CFA
(m2)
Cost per m2
of CFA
(RM/m2)
Estimated
Construction Cost
(RM)
Basement 8,052 1,650.44 13,289,377.88
Podium 28,390 9,38.85 26,653,922.64
Tower A 26,510 1,848.82 49,011,600.44
Tower B 26,295 1,848.86 48,615,825.95
Sub-Total
(Excluding External
Works, Preliminaries
and Contingencies)
89,246 1,541.47 137,570,726.91
Above: Cost summary for the Main Building Work.
24.

Above: Pie chart showing the percentage of cost allocation for Main Building Work
The pie chart above shows that the building has a higher amount of construction cost allocation (%)
for both of the towers, which is about 35.63% and 35.34%. The basement has a construction floor
area (CFA) of 8,052 m2 that amounts to 9.66% of the overall construction cost with a rate of
RM1,650.44 per m2 of CFA. The podium has the largest area of 28,390 m2 with a cost of RM938.85
per m2 of CFA. Tower A costs RM49 million while Tower B costs RM48.6 millionB due to the
Tower A has a bigger construction area around 200 m2 compare to Tower B.
25.

The total construction cost for the project is estimated to be about RM168,474,954.60 inclusive of
allowances made for external works, preliminaries, contingencies and cost escalation as shown in
the table below.
Item Estimated
Construction Cost
(RM)
Main Building Work 137,570,726.91
External Works & Landscape 1,953,045.00
Preliminaries (10%) 13,952,377.19
Contingencies (5%) 6,976,188.60
Sub-total 160,452,337.70
Cost Escalation 8,022,616.88
Total Estimated
Construction Cost
168,474,954.60
Above: Cost allocation for total development
26.

Above: Pie chart showing the percentage of cost allocation from total construction cost
According to the pie chart above, the main building works have occupied about 81.6% of the total
estimated construction cost which also constitute as the greatest portion. The allowances for external
works & landscape has contributes around 1.16% of the construction cost at RM1,953,045. Next, the
cost escalation of the project is estimated to be about RM8,022,616.88 based on a inflation rate of 5%
and assuming the tender would be called in one year’s time. Other than that, the preliminaries and
contingencies are allowed at approximately 8% and 4% respectively of the total construction cost. The
total development cost is estimated to be approximately RM168 million.
27.

Functional Elements Cost per m2 of
CFA (RM/m2)
Estimated Construction Cost
(RM)
Substructure 109.45 9,768,304.28
Structural Frame 558.50 49,843,878.75
Total Structural Cost 667.95 59,612,183.03
External Walling and Finishes 34.51 3,079,569.93
Roof covering and etc 10.63 948,471.45
Internal Walling 115.45 10,303,773.23
Internal Finishes 220.59 19,687,062.01
Fittings and etc 33.65 3,002,713.61
Total Architectural Cost 414.82 37,021,590.23
Services 458.69 40,936,953.65
Total M&E Cost 458.69 40,936,953.65
Total Estimated Construction Cost 1,541.47 137,570,726.91
Above: Table showing the estimated cost allocation for functional elements of the entire
building.
28.

Above: Pie chart showing the percentage of cost allocation for the entire building.
According to the pie chart above, structural works has the highest percentage of the total
estimated construction cost, which is 43.33% (substructure 7.10% and structural frame 36.23%).
The structural cost is high when compared to the architectural and M&E cost because the project
consists of elements such as contiguous bored piles, bored pile foundation, post-tensioned slab
system which consume a huge portion of construction cost. Besides, the pie chart shows that the
building has a very close amount of construction cost allocation (%) for both the architectural works
and services, which are 26.91% and 29.76% respectively.
29.

3.2 Basement
CFA (RM/m2)
(RM)
Substructure 717.00 5,773,271.92
External Walling and Finishes 0.39 3,168.33
Internal Walling 46.23 372,243.96
Internal Finishes 75.24 605,862.53
Fittings and etc 11.46 92,281.73
Services 340.53 2,741,955.64
Total M&E Cost 340.53 2,741,955.64
Total Estimated Construction Cost 1650.44 13,289,377.87
Above: Table showing the estimated cost allocation for functional elements of basement.
30.

Above: Pie chart showing the percentage of cost allocation for Basement.
For the distribution cost of a basement, the cost of structural works would generally be the
highest, followed by M&E and architectural works.
Based on the pie chart, the largest percentage is represented by the cost of structural works
which is about 70% (43.44% for substructure and 27.45% for structural frame). Structural works has
the highest cost due to the need to support the entire building and the construction of contiguous
bored piles. The architectural works took up 8.47% as it does not have any external finishes in the
basement so it is only the internal finishes for the car parks and driveways. Apart from that, the cost
percentage for M&E works is 20.63%.
31.

3.3 Podium
CFA (RM/m2)
(RM)
Substructure 140.72 3,995,032.36
External Walling and Finishes 19.08 541,772.15
Internal Walling 62.11 1,763,157.85
Internal Finishes 103.95 2,951,002.86
Fittings and etc 11.31 321,219.33
Services 269.87 7,676,225.09
Total M&E Cost 269.87 7,676,225.09
Total Estimated Construction Cost 938.34 26,652,922.64
Above: Table showing the estimated cost allocation for functional elements of podium.
32.

Above: Pie chart showing the percentage of cost allocation for Podium.
As shown in the pie chart, among the total substructure element, substructure occupies
14.99% and structural frame consists 34.29%. Total architectural works and M&E works have nearly
the same amount of construction work.
21.92% of construction work is allocated to architectural cost and the rest of 28.80% of
construction cost used as M&E works as every podium level consists ancillary areas such as lift
lobby, service lift and riser rooms.
33.

3.4 Towers
Functional
Elements
Tower A Tower B
Cost per m2 of
CFA (RM/m2)
Estimated
Construction Cost
(RM)
Cost per m2 of
CFA (RM/m2)
Estimated
Construction
Cost (RM)
Substructure - - - -
Structural Frame 701.75 18,603,188.99 701.75 18,452,565.37
Total Structural
Cost
701.75 18,603,188.99 701.75 18,452,565.37
External Walling
and Finishes
48.00 1,272,466.08 48.00 1,262,163.36
Roof covering
and etc
11.94 316,525.94 11.94 313,963.14
Internal Walling 154.69 4,100,787.04 154.69 4,067,584.38
Internal Finishes 305.47 8,097,841.58 305.47 8,032,355.03
Fittings and etc 49.02 1,299,440.29 49.53 1,289,772.27
Total
Architectural
Cost
569.12 15,087,060.93 569.63 14,965,838.18
Services 577.95 15,321,350.52 577.96 15,197,422.40
Total M&E Cost 577.95 15,321,350.52 577.96 15,197,422.40
Total Estimated
Construction
Cost
1848.82 49,011,600.44 1849.34 48,615,825.95
Above: Table showing the estimated cost allocation for functional elements of Tower A and
Tower B.
34.

Above: Pie chart showing the percentage of cost allocation for Tower A.
35.

Above: Pie chart showing the percentage of cost allocation for Tower B.
Referring to the two pie charts above, both Tower A and Tower B occupy 37.96% for
structural frame. The construction cost allocated to architectural works and M&E works of both
tower occupy 30.79% and 31.26% respectively.
4.0 Conclusion 36.

No. Item CFA (m2) Rate (RM/m2) Total (RM)
1 Basement 8,052 1,650.44 13,289,377.88
2 Podium 28,390 9,38.85 26,653,922.64
3 Tower A 26,510 1,848.82 49,011,600.44
4 Tower B 26,295 1,848.86 48,615,825.95
Subtotal (No 1-4) 89,246 1,541.47 137,570,726.91
5 External Works &
Landscape
- - 1,953,045.00
6 Preliminaries - - 13,952,377.19
7 Contingencies - - 6,976,188.60
Subtotal (No 1-7) - - 160,452,337.70
8 Cost Escalation - - 8,022,616.88
Grand Total (1-8) - - 168,474,954.60
As a summary, the cost plan shown above shows the cost distributions for the various
portions of the building for easy analysis. The proposed project consists of 2 levels of basement car
park, 1 level of ground floor services floor, 6 levels of podium car park, 1 level of recreational
facilities and 2 blocks of 31 levels of serviced apartments. There are a total of 404 residential units
for each tower. There are also 477 parking lots from ground floor to Podium 6 and 179 parking lots
in Basement 1 and 2. The facilities provided in the building are games room, playground, café,
meeting room, audiovisual room, sky jacuzzi, infinity pool, yoga deck, convenience store and more.
37.

The total of CFA for entire construction project which consists of basement, podium, Tower
A and B is 89,246.69 m2 coming up to a total cost of RM137,570,726.91. With the addition of
external works and landscape, preliminaries and contingencies, the entire const adds up to
RM160,452,337.70. After adding up the cost escalation, the total cost of the entire construction
project is RM168,474,954,60.
In conclusion, with the strategic location, facilities and entertainment filled residences, along
with the high efficiency rate of the proposed project which is 93%, we conclude that this project is
very worth investing, promising in a high return in the future.
38.

5.0 References
Concrete Formwork & Types of Formwork |Shuttering | CivilDigital |. (2017, March 15). Retrieved
November 10, 2018, from https://civildigital.com/concrete-formwork-types-of-formwork/
Collins, M. (2000).Contiguous Bored Pile. Retrieved November 4, 2018, from
http://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips-document.asp?id=351
Editor. (2015, November 27). Clay Facades over Exterior paints & Glass? Retrieved November 10,
2018, from http://gosmartbricks.com/why-clay-facades/
Formwork in Construction|Types|Applications of Shuttering | CivilDigital |. (2017, March 16).
Retrieved November 10, 2018, from https://civildigital.com/formwork-construction-types-
applications-shuttering/
Hamakareem, M. I. (2018, October 08). Plastic Formworks for Concrete Construction -
Applications and Advantage. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from
https://theconstructor.org/building/plastic-formworks-concrete-construction/15885/
Holmes. (2018). Bored Piles. Retrieved November 4, 2018, from
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Bored_piles`
Keller (n.d.). Contiguous Bored Piles and Secant Piles. Retrieved November 4, 2018, from
http://resource-piling.com.sg/what-we-do/contiguous-bored-piles-and-secant-piles/
MPA(n.d.)Post-Tensioned(PT) Slab.. Retrieved November 4, 2018, from
https://www.concretecentre.com/Building-Elements/Floors/Post-Tension-(PT)-Slabs.aspx
39.

Ravishankar, R. (2015, March 18). Formwork construction in structures. Retrieved November 10,
2018, from https://www.slideshare.net/rithikarockingravishankar/formwork-construction-in-
structures
Rainwater Harvesting. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2018, from
https://www.ecooutdoor.com.my/rainwater-harvesting/
Roger. (2008). Post-Tensioned Slab. Retrieved November 4, 2018, from
https://www.concreteconstruction.net/how-to/construction/post-tensioned-slabs_o
Sharma, S. (2017, August 21). Different Types Of Building Façade Cladding Systems To Know
About. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from http://gosmartbricks.com/different-types-of-building-
facade-cladding-systems-to-know-about/
40.

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