This document discusses geriatric considerations in nursing. It begins by outlining common myths about the elderly, then describes normal age-related changes and types of aging. The rest of the document covers various body systems impacted by aging like cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous, endocrine and sensory systems. It also addresses cognitive changes, psychological aspects, principles of nursing management, and how to support elderly patients through health education, safety, reducing anxiety and encouraging self-care activities.

1. GERIATRIC
CONSIDERATIONS
IN NURSING

3. MYTHS
• Elderly people are incompetent and
incapable of making decisions
• Most elderly live in nursing homes
• All elderly people live in poverty

4. • Older people are lonely and unhappy
• Elderly do not want to work
• Retirement ends your active life

5. NORMAL AGE
RELATED
CHANGES

6. AGING TYPES
• INTRINSIC

7. EXTRINSIC

8. PHYSIOLOGY OF AGEING
• 1.CHANGES IN THE CELLS
• 2.CHANGES IN TISSUES
• 3. CHANGES IN ORGANS
• 4.CHANGES IN THE
CONFIGURATION

9. PHYSICAL
ASPECTS OF
AGING

10. CARDIO VASCULAR
SYSTEM
Valves
Loss of elasticity
Low response
CO decreases
HTN
isolated
primary
secondary

11. HEALTH PROMOTING
ACTIVITIES
• Regular exercise
• Diet
• Wt control
• Normal bp
• Stress mgt
• Smoking cessation
• Avoid falls

12. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Increased AP diameter
• Collapse
• Calcification of ribs
• Rigidity
• Loss of recoil
• Increased respiratory dead
space

13. INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
• Appearance
• Reduced blood supply
• Graying of hair
• Irritations

14. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Hormones
• Atrophy of uterus
• Vaginal bleeding
• Erectile dysfunction
• Sexual problems

15. GENITO URINARY
SYSTEM
• Changes in kidney function
• Stress incontinence
• BPH
• Prostate cancer
• Bladder infections
• Constipation

17. GASTRO INTESTINAL
SYSTEM
• Tooth problems
• Dry mouth
• Decreased gastric motility
• Decreased absorption
• Dysphagia
• Aspiration

19. SLEEP DISTURBANCES

20. SLEEP
• Avoid day time naps
• Light snack at bedtime
• Bath before sleep
• Meditation
• Lack of disturbances

21. Musculoskeletal system
• Osteoporosis
• Kyphosis
• Back pain

23. NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Postural hypotension
• Cerebral ischemia
• Sensitivity decreases
• Reaction is delayed
• Changes in sleeping
• Frequent awakening

24. Endocrine system
• thyroid gland becomes less active
• more susceptible to cold
• secretions of testosterone , oestrogen
, progesterone decreases
• Less secretion of insulin

25. SENSORY SYSTEM

26. COGNITIVE CHANGES
• Delirium, or acute confusional state
• Dementia.
• Depression.

27. PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASPECTS
STRESS
LONLINESS
LOSS OF SPOUCE
FINANCIAL PRBS
DISEASES
RETIREMENT

28. NURSING
MANAGEMENT

29. PRINCIPLES
• I. Consider individuality.
• 2. Be patient, kind and sympathetic.
• 3. Encourage independence
• 4. Assist elderly to achieve emotional
stability.
• 5. Stimulate mental acuity and sensory
input and physical activity

30. • 6. Make elderly's stay in home
interesting and lively
• 7. Provide diversional / occupational
therapy.
• 8. Maintain privacy.
• 9. Handle them gently.
• 10. Make them comfortable

31. CARE OF THE AGED
• 1. HEALTH EDUCATION
• 2.MEDICAL CARE
• 3.REHABILITATION

32. SUPPORTING COGNITIVE
FUNCTION
• Calm environment
• Regular routine
• Pleasant speaking
• Prominent displays
• Colour coding doors

33. PHYSICAL SAFETY
• Safe envt
• Nightlights
• Restrains
• Secure doors
• Supervision
• Id card

34. REDUCING ANXIETY
AND AGITATION
• Emotional support
• Remain calm
• Diversional activities
• Structuring of activities

35. SELF CARE ACTIVITIES

36. • ACTIVITY AND REST
• SUPPORTING HOME AND
COMMUNITY BASED CARE

37. Functions of
gerontological nurse
Guiding Eliminating Respecting
Observing Noticing Teaching
Opening Channels Listening
Offering Generating Implementing
Co-ordinating Assessing Linking
NURSE