2. ADVOCATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE
PINE TAPPING PRACTICE
1. SUSTAINABILITY AND PRODUCTION COST.
2. WHAT’S NEW IN 2014.
3. AND HOW ABOUT GLOBAL PRODUCTION VOLUMES OF
GUM ROSIN.

3. What is sustainability?
Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything
that we need for our survival and well-being depends,
either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment.
Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions
under which humans and nature can exist in productive
harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and
other requirements of present and future generations.
http://www.epa.gov/sustainability/basicinfo.htm

4. Let’s talk then about productive harmony...
Profitable business for all stakeholders.
Workers receiving a fair pay for their job.
The cost of replanting the forest included
within the production cost.

5. NORTH MODEL
• Natural forest, slow growing, between 200 to 500 trees per hectare (~ 150 trees per acre).
• “Pine Tapper” = a worker producing pine oleoresin by his/her own.
• Sales price of pine oleoresin to the gum rosin plant highly dependant of labor cost.
Pine trees are natural from
the Northern Hemisphere.

7. SOUTH MODEL
• Planted forest, selected seedlings, fast growing, between 800 to 1.100 trees per hectare (~
400 trees per acre).
• Pine Tapping Co., workers trained and with a production based salary complaying with local
laws.
Pine trees are planted in
the Southern Hemisphere.

9. FOREST
TYPE
FOREST
TREES/HEC
TAPPING
SEASON
(MONTH)
FACES (*)
/ WORKER
PINE RESIN
YIELD
KG / FACE
YEAR
LABOR
HOUR
RATE
(USD/HR)
BRAZIL PLANTED 1.100 10 7.000 / 10.000 3,8 4,52
ARGENTINA PLANTED 1.100 8 4.000 4,0 3,34
SPAIN NATURAL
MANAGED
200 8 5.500 3,3 10,34
CHINA NATURAL 200 / 400 6 1.500 / 2.000 2,0 3,70
Alex CUNNINGHAM – alexcunn@gmail.com – 20/JULY/2014
Notes:
(*) Face = one bag installed on a pine tree.
(**) Considering only one face per pine tree.
(***) Face covers more than 60% of the circunference of the pine tree.
GLOBAL PINE TAPPING OPERATION PARAMENTES

10. ANNUAL
PINE
OLEORESIN
YIELD
(TON/HEC)
1 WORKER
CAPABLE OF
WORKING x
HEC.
DIRECT
LABOR
COST
(USD/TON)
BRAZIL 4,1 7,73 291 VERY GOOD FOREST RESORCE
vs. SCARCE LABOUR WORKFORCE.
ARGENTINA 4,4 3,64 435 GOOD FOREST RESOURCE
AND REASONABLE LABOUR
WORKFORCE.
SPAIN 0,7 27,50 1.185 EXTREMLY SLOW GROWING FOREST
AND EXPENSIVE LABOUR WORKFORCE.
CHINA 0,6 5,83 2.196 SLOW GROWING FOREST
AND VERY EXPENSIVE LABOUR
WORKFORCE.
Alex CUNNINGHAM – alexcunn@gmail.com – 20/JULY/2014
GLOBAL PINE TAPPING OPERATION PARAMENTES

11. ADVOCATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE
PINE TAPPING PRACTICE
1. SUSTAINABILITY AND PRODUCTION COST.
2. WHAT’S NEW IN 2014.
3. AND HOW ABOUT GLOBAL PRODUCTION VOLUMES
OF GUM ROSIN.

12. Resin yield in Pinus pinaster is
related to tree dendrometry,
stand density and tapping-
induced systemic changes in
xylem anatomy
Aida Rodríguez-García, Rosana López,
Juan Antonio Martín, Felix Pinillos, Luis
Gil.
Forest Genetics and Physiology
Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry
Engineering, Technical University of
Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria
s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Forestry Services and Promotion
Centre of Castilla y León (CESEFOR),
Polígono Industrial ‘‘Las Casas’’, Calle
C, Parcela 4, 42005 Soria, Spain
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.201
3.10.038

13. Seasonality and chemical elicitation
of defense oleoresin production in
field-grown slash pine under
subtropical climate.
Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêa,
Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for
Biotechnology and Department of Botany,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Theoretical and Experimental Plant
Physiology, 25(1): 56-61, 2013

14. ADVOCATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE
PINE TAPPING PRACTICE
1. SUSTAINABILITY AND PRODUCTION COST.
2. WHAT’S NEW IN 2014.
3. AND HOW ABOUT GLOBAL PRODUCTION VOLUMES
OF GUM ROSIN.

15. Province 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Guangxi (GX) 170 200 246 260 270 280 300 260 180 160 160 210 190 140
Yunnan (YN) 41 44 53 65 70 75 112 90 100 146 168 230 180 140
Jiangxi (JX) 24 25 27 30 40 72 85 100 37 50 57 75 84 76
Guangdong (GD) 125 130 126 140 145 155 164 165 95 80 83 101 100 56
Fujian (FJ) 47 46 38 35 45 52 55 55 39 32 49 62 54 33
Hubei (HU) 8 8 12 15 15 15 20 30 36 50 30 25 28 20
Henan (HE) 5 5 10 12 12 12 18 14
Anhui (AH)
23 25 34 42 42 42 63 89 58 39
40 57
43 29
Guizhou (GZ)
Hunan (HU)
Sichuan (SC)
Hainan (HA)
Shanxi (SX)
Chongqing (CQ)
Zhejiang (ZJ)
TOTAL 439 480 536 588 628 692 804 794 555 569 599 772 697 508
9,5% 11,5% 9,7% 6,8% 10,2% 19,6% -1,2% -30,0% 2,4% 15,4% 17,5% -9,7% -27,2%
CHINESE GUM ROSIN PRODUCTION BY PROVINCE
Sources:
• AR Eldorado (2011) & (2012)
• Song Lifeng, Nanjing (Novembro 2009) & Eric Wang, 2014.
• Zhao Mingui (2011).
• ROSINNET (2010).
[THOUSAND OF MT / YEAR]
Alex CUNNINGHAM
alexcunn@gmail.com
5 AUGUST 2014

17. THANK YOU!