Iirs- Opensources software solutions and Data services for Domain

Open Source Software Solutions and
Data Services for GI Domain

Dr. Harish Karnatak
National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad

Harish_k@nrsc.gov.in

Outline of the presentation

• Technological Issues.
• Definition and background of open source GIS.
• Important International organizations.
• Why open source GIS? Who is using open source GIS?
• List of various open source GIS tools.
• Practical utilizations.
• Various components of GIS and role of open source GIS tools?
– Quantum GIS
– GRASS
– OSSIM
– PostGreSQL+PostGIS
– GDAL/OGR
– Emerging GIS Servers
– Open Layer
– MapServer
– GeoServer
• Free and Open data Sources.
• Case Study‐ Bhoosampada.
Study‐ Bhoosampada.
• Conclusions.

Training Programme on “Remote Sensing: An Overview for Decision Makers”- IIRS Dehradun- June 2010- harish_k@nrsc.gov.in

Enabling Technologies
Data [
[Process] Information
] [
[Model]
] DSS/SDSS [
[Knowledge Discovery ( ) ] Expert System
g y (AI) p y

Faster Hardware
Open source solutions
l i
Distributed Computing
Mobile/Wireless GIS
Services Oriented Architecture Pervasive
Computing
Virtual reality‐3D modeling
reality‐
Large d t b
L database h dli
handling
Modeling‐
Modeling‐ DSS/SDSS
Knowledge Discover –ES
Capacity In 10 Years
• 100x Computing
• 1000x Storage
• 5000x Networks

Terabyte/second data communications

What is open source?
Open source software is software where the source code is made available under
a license that allows the modification, and re-distribution of the software at will.
re- will.
The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following
open-
p py g
criteria:
criteria:

Free redistribution;
redistribution;
Source code;
code;
Derived works;
works;
Integrity of the author's source code;
code;
No discrimination against persons or groups;
groups;
No discrimination against fields of endeavor;
endeavor;
Distribution of license;
license;
License must not be specific to a product;
product;
License must not restrict other software;
software;
License must be technology-neutral.
technology-neutral.


Open source GIS- A Collaborative Efforts
GIS-

Community
MapBuilder

OSSIM initial
revision

GEOS initial
revision

Quantum GIS initial
revision
GRASS GIS for
window OS
PostGIS
started
OpenLayers
PROJ4 library- Development started JTS Topology Suite Community
project was initiated MapBuilder
Geographical Resources Analysis Support GDAL/OGR MapBender
System (GRASS) Atlantis
development
Scientific
Map Overlay and Statistical System UMN MapServer MapGuide
launched
(MOSS) project Open Source
OpenEV project

1980 1990 1995 2000 2005
Moving toward Client/Server System


Open source GIS- Groups & Organizations
GIS-

• 1992: "Open GRASS Foundation" (OGF)
• 1994: OGF was re-structured as the Open Geospatial Consortium
p p
(OGC)
• 2006: Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo)

– established whose mission is to support and promote the collaborative

development of open geospatial technologies, data and educational

material. The Open Source Geospatial Foundation, abbreviated as"OSGeo"

,is an independent ,non profit organization established to support growing
g g g

requirements of the open source geospatial community. The foundation will

serve as an organizing body, a public technology commons, a development
g g y p gy p

community manager, and event sponsor.


Why Open source GIS ?
Advantages FOSS4G:
• Cost effective Free and Open Source
• Flexibility Software for Geospatial
• Editable
• Full control of developer OSGEO:
• Open to all…. The Open Source
Geospatial Foundation

Best way to create geo-spatial enterprise at grassroots level. Very
effective to enhance the range and application of geo-spatial data…
All of the products we'll talk about today are both free and open-source

Few facts
Marketable skills
In this ever‐changing job market it is a huge benefit to be able to bring a
ever‐
total GIS package to the table

Supported by huge development & support community
Community is very passionate about helping each other but and
continually improving software

Low start‐up costs
start‐
It is now possible to install a complete GIS stack without paying anything ‐
LEGALLY

Security
Arguably more secure than proprietary software;
software;
Backed by large open minded development community;
community;
Bugs are found and fixed quickly by number of experts in open discussions


Few facts
Works on all major platforms (Mac, Linux, Windows)

Complimentary business model
There's nothing missing
Desktop GIS, Spatial Database Storage, Server...
p , p g ,
Thousands of analysis tools (No licensing worries)
Community developed add‐ons
add‐
Works with existing GIS data
Import .shp files, most major formats;
.shp
Export to most major formats;
ArcSDE now connects to PostGIS (OS Database)

No file format lock‐in
lock‐

Cost effective
Potentially save enough money on software to save jobs


Who uses open source GIS ?

A few examples…
examples…
• ArcGIS 9.2 uses GDAL

• United Nations‐ One of the most important and known user;
Nations‐ user;

• In India: BHOOSAMPDA‐ An Information System of ISRO on LULC of India‐ National level data (~1
India: BHOOSAMPDA‐ India‐ (~1
TB) is shared in public domain with extensive GIS ‐http://applications.nrsc.gov.in:15001/
http://applications.nrsc.gov.in:15001/

• Indian Bio‐resource Information Network (IBIN) developed by NRSC‐IIRS, UAS is in open source
Bio‐ IBIN) NRSC‐
GIS;
GIS;

• UCSB Marine Map http://www.marinemap.org/marinemap/
http://www.marinemap.

Many case studies here: http://postgis.refractions.net/documentation/casestudies/
here: http://postgis.refractions.

More case studies: http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Case_Studies
studies: http://wiki.osgeo.

Big projects
gp j
like Linux, Apache, Mozilla Firefox and OpenOffice are supported by Fortune 500 companies like
IBM and Sun and in GIS OSGeo is supported by Autodesk.
Autodesk.


Open source Geospatial tool list

Desktop Applications
– GRASS GIS: is a Software for performing spatial analysis. It consists of more than
GIS: analysis.

350 modules for processing vector (2D/3D),
D/3 raster and voxel data.
data.

http://grass.osgeo.
http://grass.osgeo.org/

– OSSIM: Open Source Software Image Map (OSSIM) is a high performance engine for
OSSIM:

remote sensing,
sensing image processing,
processing geographical information systems and

photogrammetry. http://www.ossim.org/OSSIM/OSSIMHome.
photogrammetry. http://www.ossim.org/OSSIM/OSSIMHome.html

– Quantum GIS: is a user friendly Open Source Geographic Information System (GIS)
GIS:

that runs on GNU/Linux, Unix, Mac OSX, and Windows. http://www.qgis.org/
Windows. http://www.qgis.

– gvSIG: is a desktop tool designed to manage geographic information
gvSIG:


Open source Geospatial tools
Web Mapping
– deegree: Supplies the building blocks of a Spatial Data Infrastructure, while
deegree:
implementing the standards of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and ISO/TC
p g p p ( )
211.
211.
– Mapbender: Is the tip of the iceberg, a meta layer of software providing access to the
Mapbender:
OSGeo SDI stack.
stack.
– MapBuilder: is a powerful, standards compliant geographic mapping client that runs
MapBuilder:
in a web browser
– MapGuide Open Source: MapGuide Open Source is a web-based platform that
Source: web-
enables users to quickly develop and deploy web mapping applications and
geospatial web services.
services.
– MapServer: MapServer is an open source development environment for building
MapServer:
spatially-
spatially-enabled web mapping applications and services.
services.
– OpenLayers: OpenLayers makes it easy to put a dynamic map in any web page. It
OpenLayers: page.
can di l map til and markers l d d f
display tiles d k loaded from any source. htt ://
source. http //openlayers.org/
http://openlayers.org/
l
– GeoServer-
GeoServer- Server for Online Publishing/ Data Sharing
http://geoserver.
http://geoserver.org/display/GEOS/Welcome Continue…

Open source Geospatial tool list
Geospatial Lib i
G ti l Libraries
FDO:
FDO: FDO Data Access Technology is an API for manipulating, defining and analyzing
geospatial information regardless of where it is stored.
stored.

GDAL/OGR:
GDAL/OGR: Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL/OGR) is a cross platform C++
translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats- http://www.gdal.org/
formats- http://www.gdal.

GEOS:
GEOS: GEOS (Geometry Engine - Open Source) is a C++ port of the Java Topology
( y g p ) p p gy
Suite (JTS).
(JTS).

GeoTools:
GeoTools: GeoTools is an open source Java GIS toolkit providing implementations of
many Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) specifications as they are developed.
y ( ) y developed.

MetaCRS:
MetaCRS: MetaCRS is a project encompassing several projections, and coordinate
system related technologies.
technologies.

Enterprised Databases- PostgreSQL/ PostGIS - Spatial Database-http://www.postgresql.org/
Databases- PostgreSQL/ Database-http://www.postgresql.org/
and POST GIS http://postgis.refractions.net/
http://postgis.refractions.net/

Metadata Catalog
GeoNetwork:
GeoNetwork: GeoNetwork opensource is a catalog application to manage spatially
referenced resources. It provides powerful metadata editing and search functions as well
resources.
as an embedded interactive web map viewer.
viewer.

Open Source S/W Licensing Issues
S/W
• The
Th GPL allows anyone t use th program and modify it b t prevents
ll to the d dif it, but t
code from becoming proprietary once distributed and it also forbids
proprietary programs from “linking” to it.

• The MIT and BSD-new licenses let anyone do almost anything with the
code except sue the authors. One minor complication: there are actually two
“BSD” licenses, sometimes called “BSD-old” and “BSD-new”; new programs
should use BSD-new instead of BSD-old.

• The LGPL is a compromise between the GPL and the MIT/BSD-new
approaches, and was originally i t d d f code lib i
h d i i ll intended for d libraries. Lik th GPL
Like the GPL,
LGPL-licensed software cannot be changed and made proprietary, but the
LGPL does permit proprietary programs to link to the library, like the
MIT/BSD-new licenses.

• Note that all of these licenses (the GPL, MIT, BSD-new, and LGPL) permit
the commercial sale and the commercial use of the software, and many
such programs as sold and used that way. See Perens’ paper for more
information comparing these licenses.

Practical utilizations…


GIS Activities in Problem Solving Environment

Empowering Human Take to
Activities Action

Plan Complex Data Modeling

Analyze Interactive Mapping

Integration
Measure

Observe
Visualization
Vi li ti Modeling

. . . Application of this science is multi-disciplinary

Major Components of GIS and Role of open source s/w

Data Creations
Vector, Raster & attribute

Data organizations
& Management

Complete
Data query, processing, GIS
analysis and modeling Solutions

Data presentations
and visualizations
is ali ations OpenLayers

Data sharing and
g
disseminations

Quantum GIS (QGIS)
• Desktop application – very user friendly;

• Can work directly with many formats like .shp file, WMS, .tiff etc.

• Work in any Platform – Windows, Mac, Linux;

• FREELY available for use and re-distributions;
;

• Plugins available (Similar to Firefox add-ons);

• Allow spatial analysis, 3 D analysis statistical analysis
analysis 3-D analysis, analysis...

• User interface for GRASS tools;

• OGR interface allows use of TONS of formats;

• PostGIS interface for enterprise GIS;

• MapServer export.

www.qgis.org

GRASS http://grass.osgeo.org/

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System
Commonly referred to as GRASS, this is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for
geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps production,
spatial modeling and visualization
modeling, visualization.
GRASS is currently used in academic and commercial settings around the world, as well as by
many governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies. GRASS is an official
project of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation.

• Geospatial data management
• Geo-spatial analysis
• Image processing
• Graphics/ maps production
• S i l modeling
Spatial d li
• Visualization
• Tons of tools + functions = Very complex analysis
• Now there's a simple user interface through QGIS


OSSIM
Open Source Software Image Map

• C++ software library that provides advanced remote sensing, image
C so t a e b a y t at p o des ad a ced e ote se s g, age
processing, and geo-spatial
functionality;

• Includes orthorectification, precision terrain correction, rigorous sensor models,
very large mosaics, and cross sensor fusions, a wide range of map projections
and datums, and a large range of commercial and government data formats;
g g g

• OSSIM Planet - an accurate 3D global geo-spatial viewer that is built on top of
OSSIM;


PostgreSQL + PostGIS
• PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object‐relational database system‐ A
true spatial database;

• Conforms to Open Geospatial Consortium standards;

• The most kno n commercial GIS gate a i e ArcSDE can connect to it
known gateway i.e. it;

• Secure storage for both spatial and non spatial data;

• Column level permissions granularity ;

• PostGIS "
"spatially enables" the PostgreSQL server, allowing it to be used as a
"
backend spatial database for (GIS), much like ESRI's SDE .


GDAL, OGR
• GDAL is a translator library for raster
geospatial data formats...I
• I also comes with a variety of useful
It l ih i f f l
commandline utilities for data translation
and processing.
The OGR Simple Features Library
is a C++ open source library (and
commandline tools) providing
read (and sometimes write)
access to a variety of vector file
formats including ESRI Shapefiles,
S‐57, SDTS, PostGIS, Oracle
Spatial,
Spatial and Mapinfo mid/mif and
TAB formats.


Full GIS Servers are Emerging using open
source Solutions
Providing Centralized GIS Services

Standard Web
Services • Standards-Based
Standards Based
Open • Cross-Platform
Platform • IT Focused

GIS Server

Mapping - Data Geoprocessing Catalog
Editing
Visualization Services Services Services

Geo-
Geo-database
XML Standards
Distributed Computing

Centralized & Distributed GIS Development and Processing

OpenLayers
http://openlayers.org/
http://openlayers org/
OpenLayers makes it easy to put a dynamic map in any web page. It can display map tiles
and markers loaded from any source…
OpenLayers is a pure JavaScript library for displaying map data in most modern web
browsers, with no server-side dependencies.
OpenLayers implements a (still-developing) JavaScript API for building rich web-based
geographic applications, similar to the Google Maps and MSN Virtual Earth APIs, with one
important diff
i t t difference -- O
OpenLayers i F
L is Free S ft
Software, d
developed f and b th O
l d for d by the Open S
Source
software community.

• J
JavaScript Lib
S i Library, i l di API
including API;
• Similar to Google Maps API;
• Makes building dynamic mapping webpages VERY easy;
• Provides the tools needed to easily add a map to a webpage;
• Allows overlaying your own data;
• Can display map tiles and markers loaded from any source .


MapServer
http://mapserver.org/
http://mapserver org/

MapServer is an Open Source platform for publishing spatial data and interactive mapping
applications to the web. Originally developed in the mid-1990’s at the University of Minnesota,
and runs on all major platforms (Windows Linux Mac OS X)
(Windows, Linux, X).

• On-the-fly projection (w/Proj.4)
• Feature annotation including scaling, rotation, outlines and drop shadows
• TrueType labels and symbols (w/FreeType)
• Scale dependent display and query
• Query by point, area or feature across multiple layers
• Quad-tree spatial indexing for shapefiles
• Support for tiled datasets (raster or vector)
• OpenGIS specification support for WMS, Context and WFS (partial)
• Programmatic access to underlying C API- MapScript (available for Perl,
Python, Tk/Tcl, PHP and Java)
• 24-bit output support, including GDAL-based output (e.g. GeoTIFF)

… and many more


GeoServer
http://geoserver.org/display/GEOS/Welcome
http://geoserver org/display/GEOS/Welcome

GeoServer is an open source software server written in Java that allows users to share and
edit geospatial data. Designed for interoperability, it publishes data from any major spatial data
source using open standards
standards…
GeoServer is the reference implementation of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web
Feature Service (WFS) and Web Coverage Service (WCS) standards, as well as a high
performance certified compliant Web Map Service (WMS). GeoServer forms a core
component of the Geospatial Web.

• Outputs: WMS, WFS, KML, GeoJSON GeoRSS more
WMS WFS KML GeoJSON, GeoRSS, more..
• Share and edit geospatial data
• Open standards allow publishing from any major spatial data source including:
shapefiles, SQL Server, PostGIS, DB2, Oracle, WFS, TIFF Images, MySQL;
• Integrates with existing API's (Google, yahoo, etc.)
• Connects to ArcGIS Server‐ WMS can be easily added into existing ArcMap .mxd s
Server mxd's


Free and Open D
F dO Data S
Sources


Free and Open Data Sources
• Raster Data
• LANDSAT‐TM‐ Landsat Thematic Mapper Data (TM). A Landsat‐4 or ‐5 TM scene
LANDSAT‐TM‐ (TM). Landsat‐
has an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 30 meters by 30 meters (900 square
( ) y q
meters) in bands 1 through 5 and band 7, and an IFOV of 120 meters by 120
meters (14,400 square meters) on the ground in band 6.
14,
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.
http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/

• Vector Data
• DCW‐ Digital chart of World. The original data for DCW were developed by the
DCW‐ World.
Defence Mapping Agency and are available through the National Imagery and
Mapping Agency. It is now called "Vector Map Level 0". The latest edition (#03)
Agency. (#03)
was produced in 1998 and is thus more current than those data available here.
here.
However these data are not available in ARC/INFO format. They are in Vector
format.
Product Format, and can be viewed with VPVIEWER.
VPVIEWER.
http://www.maproom.psu.
http://www.maproom.psu.edu/dcw/
• OpenStreet Map‐ is a free editable map of the whole world. It is made by people
Map‐ world.
like you. OpenStreetMap allows you to view, edit and use geographical data in a
you.
collaborative way from anywhere on Earth. http://www.openstreetmap.org/
Earth. http://www.openstreetmap.

• Elevations Data
• SRTM‐The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is an international research
SRTM‐
effort.
effort. The elevation models are arranged into tiles, each covering one degree of
g , g g
latitude and one degree of longitude, named according to their south western
corners.
corners. It follows that "n45e006" stretches from 45°N 6°E to 46°N 7°E and
"n45e006" 45° 46°
"s45w006"
"s45w006" from 45°S 6°W to 44°S 5°W. The resolution of the cells of the source
45° 44°
data is
d t i one arc second, b t 1" (
d but (approx. 30 meter) d t h
(approx. meter) data have only b
t l been released over
l d
United States territory; for the rest of the world, only three‐arc‐second (approx. 90‐
territory; three‐arc‐ approx. 90‐
meter) data are available.[3] Each one arc second tile has 3,601 rows, each
meter) available.
consisting of 3,601 16 bit bigendian cells. The dimensions of the three‐arc‐second
cells. three‐arc‐
tiles are 1201 x 1201.‐ http://www2.jpl.nasa..gov/srtm/ . For data‐ http://srtm.csi..cgiar..org/
1201. http://www2 jpl.nasa data‐ http://srtm.csi cgiar
• ASTER‐ On 29 June 2009, the Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) was released
ASTER‐ 2009,
to the public. A joint operation between NASA and Japan's Ministry of Economy,
public.
Trade and Industry (METI). It was created by compiling 1.3 million VNIR images
(METI).
taken by ASTER using single‐pass stereoscopic correlation techniques, with terrain
single‐
elevation measurements taken globally at 30 meter.
meter.
http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/content/03_data/01_Data_Products/release_DEM_relative.htm
h // bj l / /03 d /01 d / l l i h

• Web Services
• BHUVAN‐ 3D geo‐visualizations over Indian region. http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in
BHUVAN‐ geo‐ region.
• G
Google M
l Maps, Y h M
Yahoo Maps, Vi t l E th‐ Gl b l M services on raster as well
Virtual Earth Global Map
Earth‐ i t ll
vector maps.
• Bhoosampada‐ Web Map services of LULC of India.
Bhoosampada‐
http://applications.nrsc.gov.in:15001
htt // li ti i 15001/
• Open Street Maps‐ Free web map services for vector data generated in
Maps‐
celebrating mapping project.
project.

• Open API
• Google API‐ Free customizable web map API for client applications.
API‐
• Yahoo Maps API‐ Free customizable web map API for client applications.
API‐

• Collaborative Mapping
• Open Street Maps

Application of Open Source GIS-
GIS-
A Case Study

BHOOSAMPADA:
AC
Case study using open source GIS f web mapping
t d i for b i

Technology used

Components Type Source
Operating System Software Microsoft Windows 2003
Map server
p Software UMN Mapserver
p
Web server Software Apache
Data server Software File based , Postgre SQL

Spatial Database E i
S ti l D t b Engine Software
S ft Post
P t GIS

Programming Language Software PHP


BHOOSAMPADA
Web enabled Land use/ Land cover Information System
f y
BHOOSAMPADA provides interactive GIS environment in internet
domain to its user for LULC data visualization, querying and
analysis.
analysis. The temporal data on LULC-250K, Water bodies and Snow
LULC-250K,
cover are available with d
l bl h dynamic l k
linkage of socioeconomic d .
f data.
data
BHOOSAMPADA is developed as an in-house S/W development
in-
efforts of NRSC using open source GIS solutions.
solutions.


In Conclusion

• In geo-spatial domain the use of open source tool and data is quite mature and
geo-
widely adopted in world wide for various applications including under commercial
model.
model.

• The Awareness and well documentation is only bottleneck in popularizations and
best utilizations of these tools and techniques.
techniques.
q

• Please come forward to contribute in this movement for betterment of the
society.
society.

• For furhter details please refer to following important white papers:
papers:
– The OpenGeo Architecture’ http://opengeo.org/publications/opengeo-architecture/
http://opengeo.org/publications/opengeo-
– open source as a di disruptive t h l
ti technology’ WARNING: 25MB htt :// 3.cleverelephant.ca/2008-
’ WARNING: 25MB http //s cleverelephant.ca/2008
http://s3 l l h t /2008-
kansas-keynote.
kansas-keynote.pdf
– Geospatial, An Open Source Microcosm’ http://opengeo.org/publications/opensource-as-vertical/
http://opengeo.org/publications/opensource-as-


For any further Query Please contact me at:

harish_k@nrsc.gov.in
harish k@nrsc gov in


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