Trabalho dos alunos do IFMG Ouro Preto sobre o dia da Consciência Negra

1. November 20th
Black
Awareness
Day

2. November 20th
Black Awareness Day

3. History of the National Black
Consciousness Day
- This date was established on 9th January 2003. The
date, 20th November was chosen because it was on
this day that He was leader of Palmares.
- The honor of Zumbi was more than fair , for this
historical figure represented the struggle of black
against slavery in Brazil Colonial period.
- He died in battle , defending his people and their
community.
- Quilombos represented a resistance to the slave
system and also a collective form of maintenance
of African culture in Brazil. Zumbi fought to death
by this culture and the freedom of his people.

4. Date of importance
- The Day of Black Consciousness seeks to refer to
black resistance against slavery in general, from the
first transport of Africans to the Brazilian soil ( 1549 ) .
- Some organizations such as the Black Movement
(the largest of its kind in the country) organized
lectures and educational events aimed especially
black children.
- The institution seeks to avoid the development of
self- prejudice, that is, the inferiority in society.

5. Day of Black Consciousness?
- The various African nations haven’t been known as black
but as Bantu, Hausa, Niam, Fula, Kanembu etc.
- The first Africans brought to Brazil as slaves arrived here in
1532.
- The abolition of the slave trade took place in 1850, by
Eusebio de Queiroz Law. After the formal abolition of
slavery on May 13, 1888, the pursuit of "freedom" of blacks
never ceased.
- The sense of discrimination felt by all sides made the black
excluded from society, marginalized in the labor market.
This exclusion was gradually diluting it. But the black opted
for a symbolic celebration of this constant struggle for black
liberation.

6. Day of Black Consciousness?
- The creation of a Memorial Day of Black
Consciousness is a reminder of the importance of
valuing a people who contributed to the
formation of Brazilian culture.
- On January 9th, 2003, Federal Law 10.639
established the "National Day of Black
Consciousness" in the school calendar. The
teaching of african-Brazilian culture has become
part of the curriculum of schools across the
country.

7. ZUMBI DOS PALMARES
Zumbi was born in Alagoas state in the year 1655. It was the
main representative of black resistance to slavery at the time
of colonial Brazil. He was leader of the Palmares, free
community of runaway slaves from plantations, Indians and
poor whites expelled from farms. The Palmares was located in
the Serra da Barriga region, which currently is part of the
municipality of União dos Palmares (Alagoas). At the time
Zumbi was the leader, the Palmares reached a population of
about thirty thousand inhabitants. In the quilombos, blacks
lived free, according to their culture, producing everything
they needed to live. Though born free, he was captured
when he was about seven years old. Delivered to Catholic
Jesuit Father Antonio Melo, he was baptized and given the
name of Francisco. He learned Portuguese, Latin, algebra and
the Catholic religion, coming to help the priest in the
celebration of Mass. But the 15-year-old fled Calvo Porto to
live in the Quilombo dos Palmares. In the community, no
longer Franciso to be called Zumbi (meaning one who was
dead and is alive again in imbagala tribe dialect of Angola). In
the year 1675, the quilombo is attacked by Portuguese
soldiers. Zombie help defensively and stands out as a great
warrior. After a bloody battle, the Portuguese soldiers are
forced to retreat to the city of Recife. Three years later, the
governor of Pernambuco province approaches the leader
Ganga Zumba to try an agreement , Zumbi is placed against
the agreement because it did not allow the freedom of the
Maroons, while blacks farms continue imprisoned. In 1680, 25
years old Zumbi becomes leader of Quilombo dos Palmares,
leading the resistance against the government topas.
During his "government" the community
grows and strengthens, obtaining several
victories against the Portuguese soldiers.
Zumbi leader shows great skill in planning
and organization of the quilombo, courage
and military skills. The Bandeirante Sundays
Jorge Velho organized in the year 1694, a
major attack on Palmares . After an intense
battle , Monkey, the seat of the quilombo, is
totally destroyed. Wounded , Zumbi
manages to escape , but is betrayed by an
old friend and delivered bandeirante troops .
At 40 years old , he was beheaded on
November 20, 1695 .

8. Blacks who changed history in Brazil
and in the world
The struggle of black people is not over. The Brazilian reality is very different
from American reality, as well as, of course, is different from the reality of
various countries around the world. The slave culture and the remnants of
racial segregation still rooted in our society and, as much as many people
refuse to see, live prejudice and extreme difference of opportunities is the
reality of blacks today. Unfortunately, until 1967 blacks in the United States
could not even vote, and their homes were burned in several cities while the
police often close his eyes or even participating in hate crimes. Fortunately,
much has been done throughout history. There are less than fifty years, the
black even have civil rights in various places on the planet. This terror was
real very recently and is naive to think that there are no traces of it in our
current culture. However, as stated earlier, much has been done for the rights
of black people throughout history. Especially in recent decades. To celebrate
the Day of Black Consciousness, we separated some of the main responsible
for the freedom of ethnic and rights achieved today.

9. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.
One of the most famous activists
of the United States , Luther King
was pastor of the Baptist Church
and fought for racial equality ,
speaking throughout the American
territory and preaching peaceful
activism. In 1964 , he received the
Nobel Peace Prize and , before he
could see the black Americans
gaining the right to vote across the
country , was assassinated in a
march in a hotel in Memphis. His
biopic , Selma , was launched in
Brazil earlier this year , and reports
historical marches 1965 .

10. NELSON MANDELA
The most powerful symbol of the
struggle against apartheid , the
segregationist regime of South
Africa, was Nobel Peace Prize
winner in 1993 and is known as
the Father of the Fatherland in his
country . He was the first black
president of South Africa
between 1994 and 1999 , and
only came to power after 30 years
in prison for , according to
opposition leaders , " practicing
terrorism against the apartheid
regime." Young still a law student
, was involved in student
movements and ended up being
expelled from the university for
being against the policies nailed
for it. Needed to finish his degree
by correspondence to then join
the African National Congress .

11. JESSE OWENS
The Berlin Olympics in 1936 ,
Jesse Owens US won four gold
medals in track and field events .
In his award , Adolf Hitler greeted
. Most people know this story but
what many do not know is that
not Franklin Roosevelt , President
of the United States in the period,
congratulated the athlete .
Seventy- three years later, the
United States elected its first
black president , Barack Obama.

12. MACHADO DE ASSIS
Even today , many do not know that
one of the greatest Brazilian writers
was black . Machado never made
university, which is a clear
representation of the situation of
blacks in Brazil . During the time of the
Proclamation of the Republic moved
between various literary genres and
was a frequent commentator in the
Brazilian political situation. He
founded - alongside fellow writers -
and was the first president of the
Brazilian Academy of Letters . Re-read
some of his works on the perspective
of having been written by a black and
you will realize the subtlety and
delicacy of the criticism outlined by
Machado de Assis.

13. DANDARA DOS PALMARES
The black bears have an inheritance cruel history.
The black woman , so often ends up forgotten in
history lessons . Dandara dos Palmares was a
great warrior on the moon for the freedom of
black people. In the seventeenth century ,
conquered space leadership in palmarinas
struggles and faced all these struggles in Palmares
. Zumbi was the companion of Palmares and
followed by your side without losing the feminine
role . She died in 1694 during a battle to defend
the Quilombo dos Macacos . Other women also
fought in approximate ages , but are also often
forgotten, as the case of Teresa de Benguela ,
quilombo leadership in the thirteenth century .
She took over the Quilombo louse in Mato Grosso
after the death of her husband . Later , he
commanded the Quilombo Quaritê who grew up
under his guard and even added Bolivian and
Brazilian Indians . Tereza was arrested by the
Portuguese Crown and committed suicide by
denying slavery .

14. ROSA PARKS
In December 1955 , the American
seamstress Rose Parks refused to
give up her seat on the bus to a
white . She was arrested. His act
was the final straw for the
beginning of the movement called
" Boycott Montgomery Bus "
which subsequently began
antissegregacionista fight in the
United States . Martin Luther King
often quoted Rosa Parks in his
speeches.

15. HENRIQUE DO HAITI
Born a slave in Granada , part
of Haiti 's fight against the
French troops in 1791 , and
assumed the presidency in
1807. In 1811 , proclaims
himself emperor. During his
nine -year reign , Henry
creates a Haitian nobility, with
47 titles .

16. SHAKA ZULU
By assuming the leadership of
the zulu, transforms the race
into an empire . For this
achievement various tribes ,
in a campaign that inspires
comparisons to Alexander the
Great . The moment is killed ,
Shaka (1778-1828) governs
about 250 thousand people.

17. HARRIET TUBMAN
The former captive (1820-
1913) is the first woman to
lead American troops. During
the Civil War , she commands
a military action to rescue ,
which manages to free 750
slaves from the hands of the
Confederacy. The operation
earns him the nickname '
Moses of the blacks ' .

18. JOHN RICHARD ARCHER
The activist (1863-1932) is
the first black elected
mayor in England. After his
tenure in the city of
Battersea , marked by
racist accusations
published by the
opposition party , would
life militating against
prejudice .

19. KWAME NKRUMAH
The political leader (1909-
1972) is one of the most
responsible for the
independence of Ghana,
achieved in 1957. Then he
becomes prime minister and
president. In 2000 , he was
elected by the radio listeners
BBC African man of the
millennium.

20. MALCOLM X
It was one of the greatest
defenders of black rights in
the United States . He
founded the Organization of
Afro - American Unity. He was
assassinated by radical
contrary to their ideas .

21. KOFFI ANNAN
Born in Ghana , complete the
studies in the United States .
Starts working at the United
Nations in 1962. In 1997 goes
down in history as the first
black secretary - general of
the organization, a position
that leaves in 2007 .

22. BARACK OBAMA
Democrat wins the previous
against Senator Hillary
Clinton. In the November
elections , winning the post of
the 44th president. Born in
Hawaii , Obama is the son of a
Kenyan economist . His wife,
Michelle , is great-
granddaughter of a slave in
South Carolina.