2. EMOTIONAL TRAUMATIZATION
ORIGINS
CONSEQUENCES
AND CURES

3. FELITTI, V.J. (2002)
The relationship between
adverse childhood events and
adult health: Turning Gold into
Lead. The Permanente
Journal Volume 6 :1.

4. Havening has three components
• Recall and activation of an emotional core
• Distraction / other sensory input
• Havening touch

5. THE EXTRASENSORY RESPONSE TO
TOUCH
• Touch modulates GABA release via serotonin
• Increase in Delta wave production
• Depotentiates activated glutamate receptors

6. Displacement of thought from
working memory by distraction
• Humming a tune
• Counting
• Visualizing movement

7. Extrasensory Responses of
Sensory Input Can Change
the brain
• Smell • Sight
• Touch • Taste
• Auditory • Kinesthetic

9. THE PSYCHOSENSORY THERAPIES
• INVOLVE THE APPLICATION OF SENSORY
INPUT TO ALTER BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING
• ARE SENSORY RECEPTOR DRIVEN
• ARE ELECTROCHEMICAL IN NATURE
• THE RESPONSE TO THE SENSORY INPUT CAN
BE LEARNED OR INNATE
• THE EFFECT DUE TO AN EXTRASENSORY
RESPONSE

10. UFS

12. Awareness  vigilance / salience
Flight or fight
/
Freeze response
return to normal behavior

13. Ancient Emotions and Survival
Reactive Emotions
Fear Defensive rage
-- most primitive
-- predator driven

14. Types of Fear
• Freeze, Salience • Panic
and vigilance
•Flaccidity / thanatosis
• Flight or fight

16. FLIGHT/FIGHT → PANIC
↓
THANATOSIS

17. Panic Prefrontal
Cortex
taken off line

18. Fear is stimulated by our senses
• Olfactory • Kinesthetic
• Auditory • Visual
• Gustatory

19. Fear Activates Physiologic Changes
via the Amygdala
-- increased heart rate
-- pupil dilation
-- heightened sensory awareness
-- increased oxygen availability
-- increased muscle strength
-- inhibition of all non survival activities
-- increases our ability to store and retrieve events

20. The Amygdala Activates our Emotions and
Coordinates our Survival Responses

21. OUTFLOW FROM CENTRAL NUCLEUS
Emotional StimulusThalamusLA/BLA/AB AmygdalaCe AmygdalaPhysiological Response
RESPONSE BRAIN AREA
Prepare us for Flight or Fight Sympathetic Activation
Aid in Danger Evaluation Prefrontal Cortex
Motivate us to Action Nucleus Accumbens
Increase Salience Ventral Tegmentum
Increase Vigilance Locus Coeruleus
Cause Freezing Central Grey
Mediate Pain Perception Insula and Amygdala

23. Encoding a Trauma

25. EVENT
• Increases cortisol and norepinephrine, dopamine
• Experienced personally or vicariously
• Produces intense emotional response

26. MEANING
Is about ATTACHMENT
• PHYSICAL
• PERSONAL
• PUBLIC

27. LANDSCAPE
The neurochemical state of
the brain at any given time.

28. INESCAPABILITY
A perceived inescapable threatening
situation has the potential to traumatize.
The perception need not last long, nor is
it necessary for this perception to reach
conscious awareness. The prefrontal
cortex does not inhibit amygdala
encoding.

29. mPFC also inhibits BLC

30. A TRAUMATIC ENCODING MOMENT
• Requires four conditions
• Remains permanently biologically active
• Stimulation activates a part or all of the
original physiological response
• Emotional component synaptically encoded in
the amygdala

32. Mechanism of Traumatization
Event sensed by thalamus as UFS Signal sent to LA
Activation of Ce Release of NE and Cortisol Inhibition of mPFC
Content and context enters amygdala via LA and hippocampus
Requirements met Glutamate receptors in amygdala potentiated
Binding of components of event Traumatization occurs

33. Traumatization at the neural level is the process
that permanently encodes and synaptically
consolidates linkages between the emotional,
cognitive, autonomic, and somatosensory
components present during the traumatizing
event.

34. Any of the components recalled, either
consciously or subconsciously, activates
the amygdala and causes the release of
stress hormones.

35. For each reactivation, we experience
some or all of the components as if
they were happening for the first time.

36. Traumatic Memory
Conscious activation or inadvertent
reminders lead to the recalling of the
event and its emotional content.

37. Components of a traumatic memory
• Emotional – the affective response to an event
• Autonomic – automatic brain functions that
regulate body functions
• Cognitive – both conscious and subconscious
• Somatosensory – sensed throughout the body as
in pain, tingling, numbness and
other sensations

38. Dissociated Traumatic Memory
Thoughts, feelings and sensations that are
experienced when activated by subconscious
stimuli that arise from abnormal retrieval.

39. POTENTIATION OF AMPA GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS
AND THEIR STABILIZATION THAT MAKES THEM PERMANENT
THE ABSENCE OF FORGETTING
REQUIRES PHOSPHORYLATION OF RECEPTORS
PROTEIN KINASE Mζ –EXPRESSED ONLY IN NEURAL
TISSUE
PROTEIN KINASE Mζ CONTINUALLY PHOSPORALATES
AMPA RECEPTORS BECAUSE IT LACKS A REGULATORY DOMAIN
DURING ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AT 100Hz THE TRANSLATION
OF THE PROTEIN KINASE Mζ FROM RNA TO PROTEIN IS ACTIVATED
PROTEIN KINASE Mζ STABLIZES AND MAKES PERMANENT POST-
SYNAPTIC AMAPA RECPTORS.

40. Mechanism of Traumatization
Stimulus [ unimodal and UFS ] pass through thalamus  Signal to
Amygdala  Fear / defensive rage generated  increases NE and
Cortisol in amygdala  Inhibition of mPFC  Complex content and
Context enter amygdala  Four requirements met  AMPA Glutamate
Receptors in BLC amygdala potentiated  BLC modulates binding of
the components of event  A traumatic memory is stored

41. Thalamo-Amygdala Pathway Generated During
Traumatization
CORTEX
Emotional
Complex Content and Context (directly and via hippocampus)
Somato-
AMPA Receptor
Thalamus Emotion Producing sensory
Stimulus
Lateral Nucleus of Amygdala
Autonomic
Electrochemical
Transduction Cognitive
Sensory Input Components

43. Disrupting A
Traumatization

44. Recalling and activating of a traumatic
memory requires working memory
• Cognitive conscious / subconscious (feelings)
• Autonomic
• Somatosensory
• Emotional

45. Retrieval of cognitive and somatosensory
component into working memory
• Limited storage focus on one thought
• Short term usage
• Part of the pre frontal cortex
• Controlled by central executive which modulates attention
• Phonological loop auditory and speech information
i.e. Verbal commands
• Visual spatial sketchpad visual and spatial information
i.e. Ride a bike, imagine doing a physical task

47. EFFECT OF STIMULATION OF VARIOUS AREAS
DELTA WAVE POWER GENERATED AS MULTIPLE OF RESTING STATE
CHEEK 90X
SHOULDER 5-38X
PALMS OF HANDS 5X
BACK OF HANDS 1.1X
KNEE 1X
VIBRATING PADS ON PALMS 3-4X
LATERAL EYE MOVEMENT 12-20X
GAMUT POINT 1.1X
MERIDIAN POINTS VS NON MERIDIAN POINTS 1X

48. Amygdala Pathway Is Disrupted During
Depotentiation
Emotional
AMPA Somato-
STIMULUS Receptor
sensory
Internalized
Lateral Nucleus of Amygdala
Autonomic
Cognitive

49. DE-POTENTIATION OF AMPA RECEPTORS
BY LOW FREQUENCY WAVE
ACTIVATION OF POST-SYNATPTIC NEURON BY RECALL
LOW FREQUENCY WAVE OPENS CALCIUM CHANNELS IN
ACTIVATED NEURONS
THIS ACTIVATES CALCINEURIN FOR WHICH THE AMPA
RECEPTOR IS THE CRITICAL SUBSTRATE
PARTS OF AMPA RECEPTOR DEPHOSPHORYLATED
REMOVAL FROM SURFACE AND THUS NO LONGER ABLE TO
TRANSMIT… RECEPTOR IS DE-POTETNTIATED
CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS BLOCK THIS EFFECT
THE TIME COURSE IS IN MINUTES, CONSISTENT WITH
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS