Pharmaceutical Chemistry II (D. Pharmacy): Introduction, sex hormone , adrenocorticoids .

1. STEROIDAL DRUGS
BY SHAIKH SANIYA
M. PHARMACY

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
A. sex hormone
B. Adrenocorticoids
• Side effects of steroids

3. INTRODUCTION
• Steroids are a man-made version of chemicals,
known as hormones, that are made naturally in
the human body. Steroids are designed to act like
these hormones to reduce inflammation.

4. • Steroids are complex polynuclear
compounds occurs widely in plant and
animal kingdoms.
• They have common steroidal nucleus as
shown figure.
• The ring A,B and C are six membered and
D is five membered.

5. A. SEX HORMONE
• Sex steroids are important for the skeletal growth and
maintenance of both the female and the male skeleton.
• Sex hormone have been isolated from cortex of adrenal
gland.
• Testosterone is the male sex hormone.
• It has both anabolic and androgenic activity.
• Anabolic activity include increase in the rate of protein
synthesis, increased muscles and thickening and linear
growth of bones.

6. • Estradiol and progesterone are female sex hormones.
• It is concerned with the development and maintenance of
female characters and growth and development of female
reproductive organs.

7. • The different group attached are
1. Keto group is at C3
2. Double bond between C4 and C5
3. Hydroxy group at C17
1.Testosterone

9. PROPERTIES
• It occurs as a white crystalline powder.
• Odorless and tasteless.
• Slightly soluble in water
• Soluble in alcohol.
• Storage : It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers.

10. USES
• It is used for muscle development
• It used to trat male infertility
• Dosage form :testosterone injections ,testosterone implants.
• Brand name: Testoform, testoviron depot.

11. • Two oxo grp at C3 and C20
• Double bond between C4 and C5
2.Progesterone

12. PROPERTIES
• Colorless crystal or white or slightly yellowish
white crystalline powder.
• Odorless
• Insoluble in water
• Soluble in alcohol
• Storage and stability : it is stable in air but affected by light.
• It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers.

13. USES
1. To maintain pregnancy
2. To treat premenstrual syndrome.
3. It is used to treat breast cancer.
4. To treat premenstrual syndrome(like stress and anxiety)
5. For prophylaxis of postnatal depression (sudden fall of progesterone
concentration after delivery)
• Dosage form: implants
• Brand name: Proluton, proluton depot, progestin, menstrogen.

14. 3.NANDROLONE
• Nandrolone, also known as 19-nortestosterone
• Nandrolone is a synthetic, anabolic steroid analog of testosterone.
• PROPERTIES :
• It is white or creamy white crystalline powder having a faint characteristic odor.
• Slightly soluble in water
• Freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform

15. STORAGE
• It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers.
USES
• Nandrolone esters are used in the treatment of anemias, osteoporosis, breast cancer
DOSAGE FORM
• Nandrolone injection
BRAND NAME:
• Durabolin ,deubolin , Nandrolin

16. 4. OESTRADIOL
• Oestradiol is a steroid hormone made from cholesterol and is the strongest of
the three naturally produced oestrogens.
• It is the main oestrogen found in women and has many functions,
• it mainly acts to mature and maintain the female reproductive system.

17. PROPERTIES
• It is white or creamy white crystalline powder.
• odorless.
• Insoluble in water
• Sparingly soluble in vegetable oil and acetone
• STORAGE:
• It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers.

18. 1. It is used by women to help reduce symptoms of menopause
2. To treat breast cancer.
3. To treat prostatic carcinoma in men.
4. To treat primary amenorrhea, delayed onset of puberty
• DOSAGE FORM: Oestradiol injection
• BRAND NAME : Aprocrine.
USES

19. B. ADRENOCORTICOIDS
The adrenocorticosteroids are naturally occurring compounds secreted by the
adrenal cortex.
a. Glucocorticoids e.g. Cortisone and hydrocortisone
b. Mineralocorticoids e.g. Aldosterone

20. GLUCOCORTICOIDS
• Glucocorticoids are necessary to regulate carbohydrate, lipid
and protein metabolism. e.g. Cortisone and hydrocortisone
• Glucocorticoids are used to treat:
1. Allergic and anaphylaxis reaction
2. Addison’s diseases
3. Asthma and other respiratory disease

21. MINERALOCORTICOIDS
• The mineralocorticoid are mainly concerned with salt and water metabolism.
• They maintain proper electrolyte balance.
• Mineralocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex
• e.g. Aldosterone

22. HYDROCORTISONE
• Hydrocortisone creams, ointments and lotions contain a type of medicine
known as a corticosteroid
• Hydrocortisone topical is used to treat redness, swelling, itching, and
discomfort of various skin conditions.

23. PROPERTIES
• White crystalline powder
• Odorless
• Insoluble in water
• Sparingly soluble in alcohol
STORAGE: It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers

24. USES
• Hydrocortisone topical is used to treat redness, swelling, itching, and discomfort of
various skin conditions.
DOSAGE FORM:
• Hydrocortisone injection
• Hydrocortisone tablet
• Hydrocortisone ointment
• Hydrocortisone cream
• Hydrocortisone suppository

25. CORTISONE
• Cortisone is a pregnane steroid hormone. Cortisone is a synthetic
corticosteroid, which is not released by the adrenal gland.
• Cortisone is a steroid drug. It helps decrease swelling and inflammation in
your body. It works by stopping the release of molecules that cause
inflammation.

26. PROPERTIES
• White or creamy white crystalline powder
• Odourless
• Slightly soluble in water
• Soluble in chloroform
STABILITY AND STORAGE :
It is stable in air but affected by light .
It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers

27. USES
• To treat Allergic and anaphylaxis reaction.
• To treat Addison's disease.
• To treat dermatological disease.
• To treat Asthma and other respiratory disease.
• To treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

28. DOSAGE FORM
• Cortisone acetate injection
• Cortisone acetate tablets
BRAND NAME
Cortin , otek , cotaryl H.

29. PREDNISOLONE
PROPERTIES
• White crystalline powder
• Odourless and hygroscopic.
• Very Slightly soluble in water.
• Soluble in dehydrated alcohol.
STORAGE
• It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers

30. USES
• To treat diseases of
a. Liver e.g. hepatic necrosis
b. Kidney e.g. glomerulonephritis.
c. G.I tract ulcerative colitis
d. Eye e.g. inflammation of eye
• To treat Asthma and other respiratory disease.
• To treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

31. DOSAGE FORM
• Prednisolone Tablet
• Prednisolone Injection
• Prednisolone Eye drop
• BRAND NAME
• Histocortin ,prednisol , prednisol-H

32. BETAMETHASONE
PROPERTIES
• White or creamy white crystalline powder
• Odourless
• Very Slightly soluble in water
• Sparingly Soluble in alcohol
STORAGE
• It is stored in well closed, light resistant containers

33. USES
• Betamethasone topical is used to treat the itching, redness, dryness, crusting,
scaling, inflammation, and discomfort of various skin conditions, including
psoriasis (a skin disease in which red, scaly patches form on some areas of
the body) and
• eczema (a skin disease that causes the skin to be dry and itchy)

34. DOSAGE FORM
• Tablet
• Injection
• BRAND NAMES: betacortril , Betnovate

35. SIDE EFFECTS OF STEROIDS
1. kidney problems or failure.
2. liver damage and tumors.
3. enlarged heart, high blood pressure, and changes in blood cholesterol, all of
which increase the risk of stroke and heart attack, even in young people.
4. increased risk of blood clots.
5. Skin inflammation

36. THANKYOU